The performing arts are those forms of art which differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face and presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some physical art object. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Plastic arts are those Visual arts that involve the use of Materials that can be moulded or modulated in some way often in three dimensions With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual The term face refers to the central sense organ complex for those animals that have one normally on the ventral surface of the head and can depending on the definition Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and The M acro E xpansion T emplate A ttribute L anguage complements TAL, providing macros which allow the reuse of code across Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid In Fine art, a work of art (or artwork or work) is a creation such as a Song, Book, Film, Video game, The term "performing arts" first appeared in the English language in the year 1711.
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Types of performing arts
Performing arts include the acrobatics, comedy, dance, magic, music, opera, film, theatre, and circus arts. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Radio is the transmission of signals by Modulation of electromagnetic waves with frequencies below those of visible Light. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Satire is often strictly defined as a literary genre or form; although in practice it is also found in the graphic and Performing arts In satire human An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation Acrobatics (from Greek Akros, high and bat, walking is one of the Performing arts, and is also practiced as a Sport. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one Circus arts refers to a body of Performing arts featured in derived from or inspired by Circus productions
Artists who participate in these arts in front of an audience are called performers, including actors, comedians, dancers, musicians, and singers. An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works A comedian or comic is a person who seeks to entertain an audience primarily by making them laugh Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic A musician is a person who plays or writes Music. Musicians can be classified by their roles in creating or performing music An instrumentalist plays a Performing arts are also supported by workers in related fields, such as songwriting and stagecraft. A songwriter is someone who writes the Lyrics to songs the Musical composition (chords or Melody to songs or both Stagecraft is a generic term referring to the technical aspects of theatrical film and video production
Performers often adapt their appearance, such as with costumes and stage makeup, etc. Variations in the physical appearance of humans, known as human looks, are believed by Anthropologists to be an important factor in the development of personality and The term costume can refer to Wardrobe and dress in general or to the distinctive style of dress of a particular people class or period
There is also a specialized form of fine art in which the artists perform their work live to an audience. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. This is called Performance art. This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation Most performance art also involves some form of plastic art, perhaps in the creation of props. A theatrical property, commonly referred to as a prop, is any object held or used on stage by an Actor for use in furthering the plot or story line of a Theatrical Dance was often referred to as a plastic art during the Modern dance era. See also Dance, Concert dance Modern dance is a dance form developed in the early 20th century
Music
Music as an academic discipline mainly focuses on two career paths, music performance (focused on the orchestra and the concert hall) and music education (training music teachers). Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. A performance, in Performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers behave in a particular way for another group of people An orchestra is an instrumental ensemble, usually fairly large with string brass woodwind sections and possibly a percussion section as well A concert hall is a cultural building which serves as performance venue chiefly for classical instrumental music Music education is a field of study associated with the teaching and learning of music Students learn to play instruments, but also study music theory, musicology, history of music and composition. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. Music theory is the field of study that deals with the Mechanics of music and how Music works Musicology ( Greek: μουσική = "music" and λόγος = "word" or "reason" is the scholarly study of Music Music is found in every known Culture, past and present varying wildly between times and places Musical composition is an original piece of Music the structure of a musical piece the process of creating a new In the liberal arts tradition, music is also used to broaden skills of non-musicians by teaching skills such as concentration and listening.
Theater
Theatre or theater (Greek "theatron", θέατρον) is the branch of the performing arts concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience using combinations of speech, gesture, music, dance, sound and spectacle — indeed any one or more elements of the other performing arts. Acting is the work of an Actor or Actress, which is a person in Theatre, Television, Film, or any other Storytelling In addition to the standard narrative dialogue style, theatre takes such forms as classical Indian dance, Chinese opera,opera, ballet, Illusion, mime, kabuki, mummers' plays, and pantomime. Indian classical dance is a relatively new umbrella term for various codified art forms rooted in Natya, the sacred Hindu Musical theatre styles whose theory Chinese Opera ( Chinese: 戏曲/戲曲 Pinyin: xìqǔ is a popular form of Drama and Musical theatre in China with roots going back Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance An illusion is a distortion of the senses revealing how the Brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation is a form of traditional Japanese theatre. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate Make-up worn by some of its performers Pantomime (informally panto) (not to be confused with a Mime artist, referring to a theatrical performer of mime is a performance genre traditionally found
Dance
Dance (from Old French dancier, perhaps from Frankish) generally refers to human movement either used as a form of expression or presented in a social, spiritual or performance setting. A guru (गुरु গুরু is a person who is regarded as having great knowledge wisdom and authority in a certain area and uses it to guide others Guru Mani Madhava Chakyar ( Māni Mādhava Chākyār Devanāgarī: माणि माधव चाक्यार् മാണി മാധവ ചാക്യാര് Dance (from French danser, perhaps from Frankish) is an Art form that generally refers to movement of the body usually rhythmic Old French was the Romance Dialect continuum spoken in territories which span roughly the northern half of modern France and parts of modern Belgium Old Frankish was the language of the Franks and it is classified as a West Germanic language. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus In Physics, motion means a constant change in the location of a body Definition In the absence of agreement about its meaning the term "social" is used in many different senses referring among other things to attitudes Spirituality, in a narrow sense concerns itself with matters of the Spirit, a concept closely tied to religious belief and Faith, a transcendent reality A performance, in Performing arts, generally comprises an event in which one group of people (the performer or performers behave in a particular way for another group of people
Dance is also used to describe methods of non-verbal communication (see body language) between humans or animals (bee dance, mating dance), motion in inanimate objects (the leaves danced in the wind), and certain musical forms or genres. Nonverbal communication (NVC is usually understood as the process of Communication through sending and receiving Wordless messages Body language is a term for Communication using Body movements or Gestures instead of or in addition to sounds verbal language or other communication Honey bees learn and communicate in order to find food sources and for other means In Physics, motion means a constant change in the location of a body In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Wind is the flow of Air or other Gases that compose an Atmosphere (including but not limited to the Earth's) Dance as a Musical form is a smaller musical composition intended for the presentation of Dance. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time.
Choreography is the art of making dances, and the person who does this is called a choreographer. See also, Choreography (literally "dance-writing" from the Greek words "χορεία" (circular dance see chorea) and "γραφή"
Definitions of what constitutes dance are dependent on social, cultural, aesthetic artistic and moral constraints and range from functional movement (such as Folk dance) to codified, virtuoso techniques such as ballet. A society is a Population of Humans characterized by patterns of relationships between individuals that share a distinctive Culture and Institutions Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual A moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances mostly of European origin that tend to share the following attributes originally danced in about the A virtuoso (from Italian virtuoso, late Latin virtuosus, Latin virtus meaning skill manliness excellence is an individual Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance In sports, gymnastics, figure skating and synchronized swimming are dance disciplines while Martial arts 'kata' are often compared to dances. Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Figure skating is an athletic Sport in which individuals pairs or groups perform spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging Martial arts are systems of codified practices and traditions of training for Combat. For other uses see Kata (disambiguation. is a Japanese word describing detailed choreographed patterns of movements practiced either solo or
Performance art
In performance art, usually one or more people perform in front of an audience. This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation In contrast to the traditional performing arts, performance art is unconventional. Performance artists often challenge the audience to think in new and unconventional ways about theater and performing, break conventions of traditional performing arts, and break down conventional ideas about "what art is," similar to the postmodern art movement. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism Thus, even though in most cases the performance is in front of an audience, in some cases, the audience becomes the performers. The performance may be scripted, unscripted, or improvisational. It may incorporate music, dance, song, or complete silence. The audience may buy tickets for the performance, the performance may be free, or the performer may pay the audience to watch the performance.
History of Western performing arts
Starting in the 6th century BC, the Classical period of performing art began in Greece, ushered in by the tragic poets such as Sophocles. Classical antiquity (also the classical era or classical period) is a broad term for a long period of cultural History centered on the Mediterranean Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Sophocles (ˈsɒfəkliːz Ancient Greek, sopʰoklɛ̂ːs circa These poets wrote plays which, in some cases, incorporated dance (see Euripides). Euripides ( Ancient Greek:) (ca 480 BC–406 BC was the last of the three great tragedians of classical Athens (the other two being Aeschylus The Hellenistic period began the widespread use of comedy. This article focuses on the cultural aspects of the Hellenistic age for the historical aspects see Hellenistic period. Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and
However, by the 6th century AD, Western performing arts had been largely ended, as the Dark Ages began. This article is about the phrase "Dark Age(s" as a characterization of the Early Middle Ages in Western Europe Between the 9th century and 14th century, performing art in the West was limited to religious historical enactments and morality plays, organized by the Church in celebration of holy days and other important events. Morality Play is a detective story by Barry Unsworth, a Man Booker Prize -winning author for his book Sacred Hunger Published in 1996 by
Renaissance
In the 15th century performing arts, along with the arts in general, saw a revival as the Renaissance began in Italy and spread throughout Europe plays, some of which incorporated dance were performed and Domenico da Piacenza was credited with the first use of the term ballo (in De Arte Saltandi et Choreas Ducendi) instead of danza (dance) for his baletti or balli which later came to be known as Ballets. The Renaissance (from French Renaissance, meaning "rebirth" Italian: Rinascimento, from re- "again" and nascere Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Domenico da Piacenza (c 1400 &ndash 1470 was an Italian Renaissance Dancing master. Ballet is a formalized form of Dance with its origins in the French court further developed in France and Russia as a Concert dance The first Ballet per se is considered to be Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx's Ballet Comique de la Reine (1581). Balthasar de Beaujoyeulx (dc 1587) was an Italian Violinist whose Ballet Comique de la Reine, first performed at the Louvre The Ballet Comique de la Reine was a court entertainment now considered to be the first Ballet.
By the mid-16th century commedia dell'arte became popular in Europe, introducing the use of improvisation. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Commedia dell'Arte ( Italian: "the comedy of artists" is a form of Improvisational theatre that began in Italy in the 16th century Improvisation (also called extemporization) is the practice of acting singing talking and reacting of making and creating in the moment and in response to the stimulus of This period also introduced the Elizabethan masque, featuring music, dance and elaborate costumes as well as professional theatrical companies in England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland William Shakespeare's plays in the late 16th century developed from this new class of professional performance. William Shakespeare ( baptised
In 1597, the first opera, Dafne was performed and throughout the 17th century, opera would rapidly become the entertainment of choice for the aristocracy in most of Europe, and eventually for large numbers of people living in cities and towns throughout Europe. Opera is an art form in which Singers and Musicians perform a Dramatic work (called an opera which combines a text (called a Libretto Dafne is the earliest known work that by modern standards could be considered an Opera. Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations
Modern era
The introduction of the proscenium arch in Italy during the 17th century established the traditional theater form that persists to this day. The term modern period or modern era (sometimes also modern times) is the period of history that followed the Middle Ages between c Proscenium theatre is a Theatre space whose primary feature is a large Archway (the proscenium arch) at or near the front of the stage, through Meanwhile, in England, the Puritans forbid acting, bringing a halt to performing arts which lasted until 1660. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, After this period, women began to appear in both French and English plays. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The French introduced a formal dance instruction in the late 17th century.
It is also during this time that the first plays were performed in the American Colonies. The Thirteen Colonies were part of what became known as British America, a name that was used by Great Britain until the Treaty of Paris (1783 recognized the
During the 18th century the introduction of the popular opera buffa brought opera to the masses as an accessible form of performance. Comic opera, or light opera, denotes a sung dramatic work of a light or comic nature usually with a happy ending Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni are landmarks of the late 18th century opera. Le nozze di Figaro ossia la folle giornata (Trans The Marriage of Figaro or the Day of Madness) K Don Giovanni ( K527; complete title Il dissoluto punito ossia il Don Giovanni, literally "The Rake Punish'd or Don Giovanni
At the turn of the 19th century Beethoven and the Romantic movement ushered in a new era that lead first to the spectacles of grand opera and then to the great musical dramas of Giuseppe Verdi and the Gesamtkunstwerk (total work of art) of the operas of Richard Wagner leading directly to the music of the 20th century. Ludwig van Beethoven ( English ˈlʊdvɪg væn ˈbeɪtoʊvən, 16 December 1770 &ndash 26 March 1827 was a German Composer and Pianist. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Grand Opera is a genre of 19th-century Opera generally in four or five acts characterised by large-scale casts and orchestras and (in their original productions lavish and Gesamtkunstwerk ("total" "integrated" or "complete artwork" is a German term attributed to the German Opera composer
The 19th century was a period of growth for the performing arts for all social classes, the technical introduction of gaslight to theaters in the United States, burlesque (a British import that became popular in the U. Gas lighting refers to a technology used to produce light from gas usually methane but also including hydrogen and ethylene The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Burlesque is theatrical entertainment of broad and parodic humor which usually consists of comic skits (and sometimes a strip tease) S. ), minstrel dancing, and variety theater. In ballet, women make great progress in the previously male-dominated art.
Modern dance began in the late 19th century and early 20th century in response to the restrictions of traditional ballet. See also Dance, Concert dance Modern dance is a dance form developed in the early 20th century
Konstantin Stanislavski's "System" revolutionized acting in the early 20th century, and continues to have a major influence on actors of stage and screen to the current day. Constantin Sergeyevich Stanislavski (Константин Stanislavski's system is an approach to acting developed by Constantin Stanislavski, a Russian Actor, director, and theatre administrator Both impressionism and modern realism were introduced to the stage during this period. Impressionism was a 19th-century Art movement that began as a loose association of Paris -based Artists exhibiting their art publicly in the 1860s
With the invention of the motion picture in the late 19th century by Thomas Edison, and the growth of the motion picture industry in Hollywood in the early 20th century, film became a dominant performance medium throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.
The Darktown Follies and the later cultural growth of the Harlem Renaissance spanned the 1910s to the early 1940s. The Harlem Renaissance was named after the anthology The New Negro, edited by Alain Locke in 1925 Rhythm and blues, a cultural phenomenon of black America became a distinctive genera in the early 20th century.
In the 1930s Jean Rosenthal introduced what would be come modern stage lighting, changing the nature of the stage as the Broadway musical became a phenomenon in the United States. Jean Rosenthal (March 16 1912 - May 1 1969 is considered a pioneer of theatrical lighting design. Modern stage lighting is a flexible Tool in the production of Theatre, Dance, Opera and other Performance arts Broadway theater, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 39 large professional theaters with 500 seats or more located George Gershwin and Rodgers & Hammerstein radically re-shaped the medium as the Great depression came to an end and World War II erupted. George Gershwin (September 26 1898 &ndash July 11 1937 was an American Composer. Richard Rodgers (1902 &ndash 1979 and Oscar Hammerstein II (1895 &ndash 1960 were a well-known American songwriting duo World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
Post-War performance
Post-World War II performing arts were highlighted by the resurgence of both ballet and opera in Europe and the United States.
Alvin Ailey's revolutionary American Dance Theater was created in the 1950s, signaling the radical changes that were to come to performing arts in the 1950s and 1960s as new cultural themes bombarded the public consciousness in the United States and abroad. Alvin Ailey Jr ( January 5, 1931 &ndash December 1, 1989) was an American Modern dancer and Choreographer Postmodernism in performing arts dominated the 1960s to large extent. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism
Rock and roll evolved from rhythm and blues during the 1950s, and became the staple musical form of popular entertainment. Rock and roll (also known as rock 'n' roll) is a form of Music that evolved in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s with roots in mostly African
In 1968, Hair introduced the rock opera. Hair The American Tribal Love-Rock Musical is a Rock musical with a book and lyrics by James Rado and Gerome Ragni and music by Galt Rock operas, Concept albums Song cycles and Oratorios all differ from a conventional rock album which usually includes songs that are unrelated to each
See also
- List of basic performing arts topics
- The Apogee Foundation
- Fine art
- Performance art
- Performing arts presenters
- Performing arts education
- United States copyright law in the performing arts
External links
- Actors' Equity Association (AEA): a union representing U. The Apogee Foundation is an international philanthropic organization dedicated to the development of human excellence in the performing arts Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. This article is about Performance art For other uses see Performance (disambiguation A Performing arts presenting organization is an organization or department or program of a larger organization that works to facilitate exchanges between artists and audiences through Education in the performing arts is a key part of many primary and Secondary education curricula and is also available as a specialisation at the tertiary Copyright ownership in the theater are most debatable in the direction category S. theatre actors and stage managers.
- Actors' Inequity A website supporting non-union and non-paid performers (i. e. community theatre actors)
References
- Infoplease: Performing Arts Timeline
- Performing Arts Trends
- AHDS Performing Arts - a UK national digital preservation service for Performing Arts data.
- Performers: directory
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