A perennial plant or perennial (Latin per, "through", annus, "year") is a plant that lives for more than two years. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. When used as a noun, this term applies specifically to herbaceous plants, even though woody plants like shrubs and trees are also perennial in their habit. A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of A woody plant is any vascular Plant that has a perennial stem that is above ground and covered by a layer of thickened Bark. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree A tree is a perennial Woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or
Perennials, especially small flowering plants, grow and bloom over the spring and summer and then die back every autumn and winter, then return in the spring from their root-stock rather than seeding themselves as an annual plant does. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group A rootstock is a Plant, and sometimes just the Stump, which already has an established healthy root system, used for Grafting a cutting or Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. These are known as herbaceous perennials. However, depending on the rigors of local climate, a plant that is a perennial in its native habitat, or in a milder garden, may be treated by a gardener as an annual and planted out every year, from seed, from cuttings or from divisions.
Perennial plants can be short-lived (only a few years) or they can be long-lived, as some woody plants, such as trees, have been living for over 3,000 years. They can vary in size from only a few millimeters to over 100 meters tall. They include a wide assortment of plant groups from ferns and liverworts to the highly diverse flowering plants like Orchids and Grasses. A fern is any one of a group of about 20000 Species of Plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include
Perennials that flower and fruit only once and then die are termed monocarpic or semelparous. Monocarpic plants are those that Flower, set Seeds and then die Reproduction is the Biological process by which new individual Organisms are produced However, most perennials are polycarpic, flowering over many seasons in their lifetime. Polycarpic plants are those that flower and set seeds many times before dying
Perennials typically grow structures that allow them to adapt to living from one year to the next. These structures include bulbs, tubers, woody crowns, rhizomes plus others. A bulb is an underground vertical Shoot that has modified leaves (or thickened leaf bases that are used as Food Storage organs by Tubers are various types of modified plant structures that are enlarged to store Nutrients They are used by Plants to overwinter and regrow the next year In Botany, a rhizome is a horizontal stem of a Plant that is usually found underground often sending out Roots and Shoots They might have specialized stems or crowns that allow them to survive periods of dormancy over cold or dry seasons during the year. The crown of Woody plants ( Trees Shrubs is the totality of Branches Twigs and Leaves extending from the Trunk Dormancy is a period in an organism's life cycle when growth development and (in animals physical activity is temporarily suspended Annuals produce seeds to continue the species as a new generation while the growing season is suitable, and the seeds survive over the cold or dry period to begin growth when the conditions are again suitable. Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. Many perennials, in contrast, have specialized to survive under extreme environmental conditions: some have adapted to survive hot and dry conditions, or to survive under cold temperatures. Those plants tend to invest a lot of resource into their adaptations and often do not flower and set seed until after a few years of growth. Many perennials produce relatively large seeds, which can have an advantage, with larger seedlings produced after germination that can better compete with other plants or more quickly develop leaves for photosynthesis. A seedling is a young plant Sporophyte developing out of a plant embryo from a Seed. Germination is the process whereby growth emerges from a period of dormancy Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy. Annuals tend to produce many more seeds per plant since they will die at the end of the growing season, while perennials are not under the same pressure to produce large numbers of seeds but can produce seeds over many years. In Agriculture, the growing season is the period of each Year when crops can be grown
In warmer and more favorable climates, perennials grow continuously. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of In seasonal climates, their growth is limited to the growing season. For example, in temperate regions a perennial plant may grow and bloom during the warm part of the year, with the foliage dying back in the winter. In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. These plants are deciduous perennials. Botany Autumn leaf color. See --> In Botany and Horticulture, deciduous Plants, including Regrowth is from existing stem tissue. In many parts of the world, seasonality is expressed as wet and dry periods rather than warm and cold periods. In some species, perennials retain their foliage all year round; these are evergreen perennials. In Botany, an Evergreen plant is a plant having leaves all year round
With their roots protected below ground in the soil layer, perennial plants are notably tolerant of wildfire. A wildfire, also known as a wildland fire, forest fire, brush fire, vegetation fire, grass fire, Peat fire, They are also less subject to extremes of cold in temperate and Arctic winters, with less sensitivity than trees or shrubs. The Arctic is the Region around the Earth 's North Pole, opposite the Antarctic region around the South Pole.
Perennial plants dominate many natural ecosystems on land and in fresh water, with only a very few (e. An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants animals and micro-organisms( Biotic factors in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( g. Zostera) occurring in shallow sea water. Zostera is a small genus of widely distributed Seagrass, commonly called eelgrass. They are particularly dominant in conditions too fire-prone for trees and shrubs, e. g. , most plants on prairies and steppes are perennials; they are also dominant on tundra too cold for tree growth. Prairie, from the French prairie ("meadow" "grassland" "pasture" refers to an area of land of low topographic relief that historically In physical Geography, a steppe ( German, from степь - "a flat and arid land" степ - /stɛp/ тал - tal дала - /dɑlɑ/ pronounced In physical Geography, tundra is an area where the Tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons In forests, perennial plants are of secondary importance to trees and shrubs, but are often still abundant on the forest floor. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria
Perennial plants are usually better competitors than annual plants, especially under stable, resource-poor conditions. This is due to the development of larger root systems which can access water and soil nutrients deeper in the soil and to earlier emergence in the spring. ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN.
Examples of evergreen perennials include Begonia and banana. Begonia is a Genus in the Flowering plant family Begoniaceae. For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation.
Examples of deciduous perennials include goldenrod and mint. The goldenrod is a yellow Flowering plant in the Family Asteraceae. Mentha ( mint) is a Genus of about 25 Species (and many hundreds of varieties) of Flowering plants in the family
Examples of monocarpic perennials include Agave and some species of Streptocarpus. Agave is a succulent Plant of a large Botanical Genus of the same name belonging to the family Agavaceae. Streptocarpus is a Genus of Herbaceous Flowering plants in the family Gesneriaceae, closely related to the genus Saintpaulia
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Botanically an annual plant is a Plant that usually germinates, Flowers and dies in one Year. A biennial plant is a flowering Plant that takes two years to complete its lifecycle. Perennial Tea Ceremony (四序茶會 is a Chinese tea ceremony, created by Lin Easu (林易山 of the Ten Ren Teaism Foundation A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end ofDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic