Citizendia
Your Ad Here

For other uses, see Perak (disambiguation).


States and Territories of Malaysia
ڨيرق دار الرّضوان
Perak Darul Ridzuan
Flag of Perak Coat of arms of Perak
Flag of Perak Coat of arms of Perak
Anthem: Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan
Location of Perak
Capital Ipoh
Royal capital Kuala Kangsar
Ruling party Pakatan Rakyat (People's Pact)
 - Sultan Sultan Azlan Muhibuddin Shah
 - Menteri Besar Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin
History  
 - Pangkor treaty 1874 
 - Federated into FMS 1895 
 - Japanese occupation 1942 
 - Accession into Federation of Malaya 1948 
Area
 - Total 21,006 km²
Population
 - 2007 estimate 2,260,576
 - Density 104. The flag of the state of Perak, in Malaysia, is a Tricolour, made of three equal horizontal bands coloured white (top yellow and black (bottom Allah Lanjutkan Usia Sultan is the state anthem of Perak, Malaysia. Ipoh (ˈiːpoʊ ( is a city in Malaysia and is the capital of the state of Perak. Kuala Kangsar (population 39300 is the royal town of Perak, Malaysia, located at the mouth of Kangsar River, where it flows into the Perak River The 12th Malaysian general election was held on March 8, 2008, in accordance with Malaysian laws for national elections, which states that a general election Pakatan Rakyat or PR ( People's Pact) was established on April 1, 2008. Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yusuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-Lah, GCB, KStJ (born Literally "big minister" in Malay, a Menteri Besar is a Chief Executive of the state governments of Perlis, Johor, Kedah, Perak Datuk Seri Ir Haji Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin (born March 17, 1957) is the 10th and current Menteri Besar ( Chief Minister) of the state The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was a treaty signed between the British and the Sultan of Perak. This article is not to be confused with the Unfederated Malay States. Throughout much of World War II, British Malaya, North Borneo and Sarawak were under Japanese occupation. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 7/km²
HDI  (2000) 0. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 784 (medium)
National calling code 05
National postal code 30xxx to 36xxx
39xxx
Licence plate prefix A
Website: http://www.perak.gov.my

Perak is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. Telephone numbering in Malaysia is regulated by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC The postal codes used in Malaysia is a 5 digit code Listed below are the first 2 digits of codes assigned to each state and special administrative area Malaysian vehicle license plates ( Malay: Nombor plet kenderaan Malaysia or Nombor pendaftaran kenderaan Malaysia) are License For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and It is the second largest state in Peninsular Malaysia bordering Kedah and Yala Province of Thailand to the north, Penang to the northwest, Kelantan and Pahang to the east, Selangor southward and to the west by the Strait of Malacca. Peninsular Malaysia ( Semenanjung Malaysia) also known as Malaya or West Malaysia, is the part of Malaysia which lies on Kedah ( Jawi: قدح pop 1778188 is a state of Malaysia, located in the northwestern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Yala (ยะลา is the southernmost province ( changwat) of Thailand. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Penang (pəˈnæŋ Malay: Pulau Pinang) is a state in Malaysia, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia Kelantan is a state of Malaysia. The capital and royal seat is Kota Bharu. Pahang ( Jawi: ڨهڠ is the third largest state on Malaysia, after Sarawak and Sabah, occupying the huge Pahang River River Selangor ( Jawi script: سلاڠور population 72 million is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. The Strait of Malacca is a narrow 805 km (500 mile stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra

Perak means silver in Bahasa Malaysia. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the The name comes most probably from the silvery colour of tin. Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50 In the 1890s, Perak, with the richest alluvial deposits of tin in the world was one of the jewels in the crown of the British Empire. Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. However, some say the name comes from the "glimmer of fish in the water" that sparkled like silver. The Arab honorific of the State is Darul Ridzuan, the Land of Grace.

Pangkor Island is a small offshore island that provides some tourist activities such as snorkelling. Pulau Pangkor is an island off the coast of Perak in north-west peninsular Malaysia, reached by ferry from Lumut (a small coastal town that links to Ipoh

Contents

History

Legends tell of a Hindu-Malay kingdom called Gangga Negara in the northwest of Perak. Gangga Negara is believed to be a lost Hindu kingdom mentioned in the Malay Annals that covered present day Beruas, Dinding and Manjung Archaeological discoveries indicate that Perak has been inhabited since prehistoric times.

The modern history of Perak began with the fall of the Malacca Sultanate. The Sultanate of Malacca was founded by Parameswara in 1402 and later married the princess of Pasai in 1409. The eldest son of the last Sultan of Melaka (Sultan Mahmud Shah), Raja Muzaffar Shah, fleeing the Portuguese conquest of 1511, established his own dynasty on the banks of the Sungai Perak (Perak River) in 1528. Perak River is the second longest river in Peninsular Malaysia after Pahang River in Pahang, Malaysia. As the Perak area was extremely rich in tin, it was under almost continuous threat from outsiders. Tin is a Chemical element with the symbol Sn (stannum and Atomic number 50

The Dutch in Perak

The ruins of the Dutch Fort on Pangkor Island
The ruins of the Dutch Fort on Pangkor Island

The Dutch unsuccessfully attempted to monopolize the tin trade in the 17th century, and built forts at the mouth of the Perak River and on Pulau Pangkor. The Dutch Empire was the territories controlled by The Netherlands from the 17th to the 20th century Pulau Pangkor is an island off the coast of Perak in north-west peninsular Malaysia, reached by ferry from Lumut (a small coastal town that links to Ipoh

Early history of the Dutch arrival in Perak began in 1641, when they captured the Straits of Malacca by taking control of tin-ore and spice trading. The Dutch attempted to monopolise the tin-ore tradings in Perak by influencing Sultan Muzaffar Syah, the Sultan of Perak, but did not succeed. They then turned to Sultanah Tajul Alam Safiatuddin, the Sultan of Aceh, to seek permission to trade in Perak. The event compelled the Sultan of Perak to sign the treaty, allowing the Dutch to build their plant in Kuala Perak on August 15 1650, which caused dissatisfaction among the aristocracy of Perak.

In 1651, Temenggung and the people of Perak attacked and destroyed the Dutch plant. The Dutch were forced to leave their base in Perak.

In 1655, the Dutch sent a representative to Perak to renew the agreement made earlier and to seek compensation for the loss of their plant. Perak however did not honour the treaty and was thus surrounded by the Dutch. In retaliation, the people of Perak with Aceh, Ujung Salang, launched a surprise attack on the Dutch.

In 1670, the Dutch returned to Perak to build Kota Kayu, now known as Kota Belanda ("Dutch Fortress"), on Pangkor Island.

Perak agreed to the construction because of news that the Kingdom of Siam would be attacking the state. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Nevertheless, in 1685, once again Perak attacked the Dutch on Pangkor Island and forced them to retreat and shut down their headquarters. The Dutch attempted to negotiate for a new treaty but failed.

British colonialism

Sultan Abdullah of Perak
Sultan Abdullah of Perak

In the 18th century, the Bugis, Acehnese, and the Thai all attempted to invade Perak. The Bugis are the most numerous of the three major linguistic and ethnic groups of South Sulawesi, the southwestern province of Sulawesi, Indonesia's third largest The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Only British intervention in 1820 prevented Siam from annexing Perak. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Although the British were initially reluctant to establish a colonial presence in Malaya, increasing investment in the tin mines brought a great influx of Chinese immigrants, who formed rival clan groups allied with Malay chiefs and local gangsters, all of whom battled to control the mines. British Malaya loosely described a set of states on the Malay Peninsula that were colonized by the British from the 18th and the 19th until the 20th century China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Perak sultanate, involved in a protracted succession struggle, was unable to maintain order.

In her book The Golden Chersonese and The Way Thither (published 1892 G. P. Putnam's Sons) Victorian traveller and adventuress Isabella Lucy Bird (1831-1904) describes how Raja Muda Abdullah (as he then was) turned to his friend in Singapore, Tan Kim Ching. Singapore Singapore -born Tan Kim Ching (陳金鐘 who lived from 1829 to Feb 1892 was the eldest of Tan, together with an English merchant in Singapore drafted a letter to Governor Sir Andrew Clarke which Abdullah signed. The letter expressed Abdullah's desire to place Perak under British protection, and "to have a man of sufficient abilities to show (him) a good system of government. " In 1874, the Straits Settlements governor Sir Andrew Clarke convened a meeting on Pulau Pangkor, at which Sultan Abdullah was installed on the throne of Perak in preference to his rival, Sultan Ismail. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Straits Settlements were a collection of territories of the British East India Company in Southeast Asia, which were given collective administration in 1826 Almarhum Sultan Sir Ismail Al-Khalidi Ibn Almarhum Sultan Sir Ibrahim Al-Masyhur, KBE, CMG, was the third Sultan of This Pangkor Treaty also required that the sultan accept a British Resident, who would control all administrative issues other than those pertaining to religion or Malay custom. The Pangkor Treaty of 1874 was a treaty signed between the British and the Sultan of Perak. A Resident, or in full Resident Minister, is a state official of certain representative -diplomatic and/or colonial- types required to take up permanent residency abroad officially In 1875, various Perak chiefs assassinated the British Resident James W.W. Birch, resulting in the short-lived Perak War of 1876. James Wheeler Woodford Birch, commonly known as J W W Birch ( 3 April 1826 - 2 November 1875) was the first British Resident The Perak War ( 1875 - 1876) took place between British and local forces in Perak, a state in northwestern Malaysia. Sultan Abdullah was exiled to the Seychelles, and the British installed a new ruler. Seychelles (seɪˈʃɛl or /seɪˈʃɛlz/ in English and seʃɛl in French) officially the Republic of Seychelles (République des Seychelles Creole The new resident, Sir Hugh Low, was well versed in the Malay language and customs, and proved to be a more capable administrator. Hugh Low CMG, KCMG, GCMG ( May 10, 1824 - April 18, 1905) was a British colonial administrator He also introduced the first rubber trees to Malaya. The Pará rubber tree ( Hevea brasiliensis) often simply called rubber tree, is a Tree belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae

In 1896, Perak joined Selangor, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang to form the Federated Malay States. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Selangor ( Jawi script: سلاڠور population 72 million is one of the 13 states of Malaysia. Negeri Sembilan (also Negri Sembilan, Jawi: نڬري سمبيلن meaning "state of nine" in Malay, is a state of Malaysia. Pahang ( Jawi: ڨهڠ is the third largest state on Malaysia, after Sarawak and Sabah, occupying the huge Pahang River River This article is not to be confused with the Unfederated Malay States. However, the British Resident system lasted until Perak became part of the Federation of Malaya in 1948. The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu was a federation of 11 states formed on January 31 1948 from the nine Malay states and the British Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Perak gained independence from the British on August 31, 1957 along with 10 other states in the Federation of Malaya. Events 1056 - Byzantine Empress Theodora becomes ill dying suddenly a few days later without children to succeed the Throne Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu was a federation of 11 states formed on January 31 1948 from the nine Malay states and the British The federation was enlarged to form Malaysia on September 16, 1963 following the admission of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Singapore separated from Malaysia in 1965.

Economy

Historically dominated by tin mining and rubber, Perak suffered greatly with the decline of those industries. Recent efforts have been made to transform the economy into one based on manufacturing. The mid-1980s saw a large influx of electronics SMEs from Taiwan to Silibin and Jelapang industrial estates, but by 1990s, they have relocated to lower cost China. A new car manufacturing hub called Proton City at Tanjung Malim has been developed with the establishment of state-of-the-art car manufacturing facilities. Tanjung Malim is a parliament constituency in Malaysia and is a town in the state of Perak. The Proton City at Tanjung Malim has become the largest manufacturer of Proton cars (Malaysia's national car maker). Proton is the Malaysian national Carmaker ( Malay Acronym for PeRusahaan OTOmobil Nasional, 'National Automobile Enterprise'

Administration

Constitutional monarchy

Its current hereditary Sultan of Perak is Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yussuf Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-Lahu, who was the ninth Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia and formerly the Lord President of Malaysia's Supreme Court. Duli Yang Maha Mulia Paduka Seri Sultan Azlan Muhibbuddin Shah ibni Almarhum Sultan Yusuff Izzuddin Shah Ghafarullahu-Lah, GCB, KStJ (born The Yang di-Pertuan Agong is the highest ranking office created by the constitution of the federation of Malaysia

State Government

Following the opposition coalition winning Perak in the General Election in 2008, the Menteri Besar position was left vacant. The following are the members of the Dewan Undangan Negeri, or state assemblies elected in the Malaysian general election 2008. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common It is because DAP won the most seats compared to other opposition parties. The State Constitution states that the Chief Minister must be a Muslim, unless the Sultan specially appoints a non-Muslim Chief Minister. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion DAP does not have any Muslim assemblymen. If the Sultan insists that the Chief Minister must be a Muslim, then the Chief Minister has to be from either KeADILan or PAS which have Muslim assemblymen. Mohammad Nizar Jamaluddin of PAS was appointed as the new Menteri Besar (Chief Minister) of the state eventually. [1]

Districts of Perak
Districts of Perak

Administrative divisions

Modern Perak is divided into 9 administrative districts or "daerah" in Malay. These 9 districts, are further divided into administrative Municipal councils (Majlis Bandaraya/Perbandaran and Daerah):

  1. Majlis Bandaraya Ipoh
  2. Majlis Daerah Kinta Selatan
  3. Majlid Daerah Kinta Barat
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Taiping (administrate central and south-west part of district)
  2. Majlis Daerah Selama (administrate north part of district)
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Teluk Intan (Majlis Daerah Hilir Perak)
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Manjung (Majlis Daerah Manjung)
  1. Majlis Daerah Tapah
  2. Majlis Daerah Tanjong Malim
  1. Majlis Daerah Kerian
  1. Majlis Perbandaran Kuala Kangsar (Majlis Daerah Kuala Kangsar)
The town of Lenggong, in Hulu Perak District.
The town of Lenggong, in Hulu Perak District. Lenggong is a town in Perak, Malaysia. It is situated 100 km north of Ipoh. Hulu Perak is one of nine administrative districts in Perak, Malaysia.
  1. Majlis Daerah Gerik
  2. Majlis Daerah Pengkalan Hulu
  3. Malis Daerah Lenggong
  1. Majlis Daerah Perak Tengah

Please note that the districts of Kerian and Larut, Matang dan Selama have been wrongly labelled in the map on the right. Both districts are in the northwest corner of the state. Kerian district is in the west and Larut, Matang dan Selama is in the east.

These districts eventually are divided into several Mukims or Counties which are more politically significant. In Malaysia and Brunei, a mukim is a subdivision of a Daerah ( District) The main cities and towns in Perak are:

  1. Ipoh
  2. Taiping
  3. Teluk Intan
  4. Sungai Siput
  5. Kuala Kangsar
  6. Lumut
  7. Batu Gajah
  8. Tanjung Malim

Demography

Perak's population is now approximately 2 million. Ipoh (ˈiːpoʊ ( is a city in Malaysia and is the capital of the state of Perak. Taiping is a town in the state of Perak, Malaysia.With a population of 191104 (2007, it is the second largest town in Perak after Ipoh the state capital Teluk Intan is a town located in the state of Perak in Malaysia. Sungai Siput is a town and also a parliamentary constituency in Kuala Kangsar district Perak, Malaysia. Kuala Kangsar (population 39300 is the royal town of Perak, Malaysia, located at the mouth of Kangsar River, where it flows into the Perak River Lumut is a small town (population 31880 in the state of Perak, Malaysia, situated about 84 km south of Ipoh, 12 km from the town of Sitiawan Batu Gajah (population 34000 is a Town located in the state of Perak in Malaysia, about 24 km from Ipoh, the Perak state capital Tanjung Malim is a parliament constituency in Malaysia and is a town in the state of Perak. Once Malaysia's most populous state, Perak has yet to recover from an economic slowdown caused by the decline in the tin mining industry. The weak economy has led to a massive drain in manpower to higher-growth states such as Penang, Selangor and the Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur. Penang (pəˈnæŋ Malay: Pulau Pinang) is a state in Malaysia, located on the northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K The ethnic composition of the population was estimated in 2001 to be: Malay (1,101,105 or 53. Malays (Melayu are an Ethnic group of Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, the east coast of Sumatra, the coast 68%), Chinese (643,129 or 31. 35%), Indian (262,121 or 12. 78%), Other (6,536 or 0. 32%), Non-Citizen (38,345 or 1. 87%)[2].

Perak State Anthem

Malay English translation
Dilanjutkan Allah usianya Sultan

Adil dan murah memerintah watan
Ditaati rakyat kiri dan kanan
Iman yang soleh Allah kurniakan
Allah berkati Perak Darul Ridzuan
Allah selamatkan Negeri dan Sultan

Allah, grant the Sultan a long life
Just and gracious, ruling the homeland
Obeyed by the people left and right
Allah endow the righteous faith
Sanctify Perak Darul Ridzuan, O Allah
Salvage the State and Sultan, O Allah

Transport

Rail transport

The railway service is undergoing major upgrading with the advent of electrified trains running on double tracks from Kuala Lumpur to Ipoh. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' Sultan (سلطان is an Islamic title with several historical meanings Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K Ipoh Railway Station is an imposing structure in the city centre. Built in the Moorish style, this white structure, nicknamed the Taj Mahal of Ipoh, was completed in 1935 to replace the original railway platform shed built in 1917. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent The Taj Mahal (tɑdʒ The Ipoh Railway Station is said to be the second most beautiful railway station in Malaysia after the Kuala Lumpur Railway Station. Kuala Lumpur Railway Station ( Stesen Keretapi Kuala Lumpur) is a Train station located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is located on Jalan Panglima Bukit Gantang Wahab.

Cuisine

Lemang, a Malay delicacy made from glutinous rice cooked in a bamboo tube over slow fire is a must-have during the festivities such as Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Hari Raya Haji, especially along with some rendang (Malay for meat curry in coconut milk and spices). Lemang is a traditional food originating with the Minangkabau people of Indonesia and Malaysia, which is cooked in a hollowed Bamboo stick lined Hari Raya Aidilfitri (also Hari Raya Puasa, literally " Celebration Day of Fasting " is the Malay term for the Muslim Festival Eid al-Adha ( Arabic: عيد الأضحى ‘Īd ul-’Aḍḥā, Urdu: بقرعید or the Festival of Sacrifice is a religious festival celebrated Rendang is a dish which originated from the Minangkabau ethnic group of Indonesia, and is now commonly served across the country Some say lemang originated from the indigenous people who cook their rice using bamboo. Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily

Tempoyak is another popular Malay delicacy. The durian ( is the Fruit of trees from the Genus Durio belonging to the It is durian extract which is preserved and kept in an urn. Commonly eaten with chillies and other dishes, it is well known due to the popularity of its key ingredient, durian, among the locals.

See also: Ipoh cuisine. The city of Ipoh, in the Perak state of peninsular Malaysia, is famous for its cuisine

Literature

References

  1. ^ State PAS secretary made Perak Mentri Besar
  2. ^ New Page 1

External links

Dictionary

Perak

-proper noun

  1. State in western Malaysia which has Ipoh as its capital.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic