|
Peptide YY
|
||
 |
||
| PDB rendering based on 1qbf. The Protein Data Bank ( PDB) is a repository for 3-D structural data of Proteins and Nucleic acids These data typically obtained by X-ray crystallography | ||
| Available structures: 1qbf, 1ru5, 1ruu, 2dez, 2df0 | ||
| Identifiers | ||
| Symbol(s) | PYY; PYY1 | |
| External IDs | OMIM: 600781 MGI: 99924 HomoloGene: 3066 | |
| Orthologs | ||
| Human | Mouse | |
| Entrez | 5697 | 217212 |
| Ensembl | ENSG00000131096 | ENSMUSG00000017311 |
| Uniprot | P10082 | Q3V334 |
| Refseq | NM_004160 (mRNA) NP_004151 (protein) |
NM_145435 (mRNA) NP_663410 (protein) |
| Location | Chr 17: 39.39 - 39.44 Mb | Chr 11: 101.92 - 101.92 Mb |
| Pubmed search | [1] | [2] |
Peptide YY, also known as PYY or Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine, is the name of a human gene and protein. The Human Genome Organisation (HUGO is an organization involved in the Human Genome Project, a project about mapping the human genome The Mouse Genome Informatics (MGI website is run by The Jackson Laboratory. HomoloGene, a tool of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI is a system for automated detection of homologs (similarity attributable to descent The Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System is a powerful Federated search engine or Web portal that allows users to search many discrete Health sciences Ensembl is a joint scientific project between the European Bioinformatics Institute and the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, which was launched in 1999 in response to the imminent UniProt is the uni versal prot ein resource a central repository of Protein data created by combining Swiss-Prot, TrEMBL PubMed is a free search engine for accessing the MEDLINE database of citations and abstracts of biomedical research articles History See also History of genetics The existence of genes was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822-1884 who in the 1860s studied inheritance Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl [1]
Pancreatic Peptide YY3-36 is a peptide produced in the ileum and colon that reduces appetite in response to feeding. Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles" are short Polymers formed from the linking in a defined order of α- Amino In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the ileum is the final section of the Small intestine. The colon is a storage tube for solid wastes The main function of the colon appears to be extraction of Water and salts from Feces.
Contents |
Description
Peptide YY3-36 (PYY) is a linear polypeptide consisting of 36 amino acids with structural homology to NPY and pancreatic polypeptide. Peptides (from the Greek πεπτίδια, "small digestibles" are short Polymers formed from the linking in a defined order of α- Amino In Chemistry, an amino acid is a Molecule containing both Amine and Carboxyl Functional groups In Biochemistry, this Neuropeptide Y (NPY is a 36 Amino acid peptide Neurotransmitter found in the Brain and Autonomic nervous system. Pancreatic polypeptide is a Polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the Endocrine pancreas predominantly in the Head of the pancreas. PYY exerts its action through NPY receptors, inhibits gastric motility and increases water and electrolyte absorption in the colon. Neuropeptide Y receptors are a class of G-protein coupled receptors which are activated by the closely related peptide hormones Neuropeptide Y, Peptide YY An electrolyte is any substance containing free Ions that behaves as an electrically conductive medium [2] PYY may also suppress pancreatic secretion. The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. Secretion is the process of segregating elaborating and releasing chemicals from a cell, or a secreted Chemical substance or amount of substance It is secreted by the neuroendocrine cells in the ileum and colon in response to a meal, and has been shown to reduce appetite. Neuroendocrine cells are cells that receive neuronal input (neurotransmitters released by nerve cells and as a consequence of this input release message molecules (hormones to the blood In Anatomy of the Digestive system, the ileum is the final section of the Small intestine. The colon is a storage tube for solid wastes The main function of the colon appears to be extraction of Water and salts from Feces. Research has also indicated that PYY may be useful in removing aluminium (aluminum) accumulated in the brain. WikipediaNaming The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain
Relevance to obesity
Leptin also reduces appetite in response to feeding, but obese people develop a resistance to leptin. Leptin (Greek leptos meaning thin is a 16 kDa Obesity is a condition in which excess Body fat has accumulated to such an extent that health may be negatively affected In contrast, obese people secrete less PYY than normal people do, and in response to added PYY, they reduce their food intake. [3]
References
- ^ Entrez Gene: PYY peptide YY.
- ^ Liu C, Aloia T, Adrian T, Newton T, Bilchik A, Zinner M, Ashley S, McFadden D (1996). "Peptide YY: a potential proabsorptive hormone for the treatment of malabsorptive disorders. ". Am Surg 62 (3): 232–6. PMID 8607584.
- ^ Batterham RL et al (September 4, 2003). "Inhibition of food intake in obese subjects by peptide YY3-36". New England Journal of Medicine 349 (10): 926–928. Massachusetts Medical Society. PMID 12954742.
Further reading
- Ekblad E, Sundler F (2002). "Distribution of pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. ". Peptides 23 (2): 251–61. PMID 11825640.
- Sandström O, El-Salhy M (2002). "Ontogeny and the effect of aging on pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. ". Peptides 23 (2): 263–7. PMID 11825641.
- Yang H (2002). "Central and peripheral regulation of gastric acid secretion by peptide YY. ". Peptides 23 (2): 349–58. PMID 11825649.
- Naruse S, Kitagawa M, Ishiguro H, Hayakawa T (2002). "Feedback regulation of pancreatic secretion by peptide YY. ". Peptides 23 (2): 359–65. PMID 11825650.
- Aponte GW (2002). "PYY-mediated fatty acid induced intestinal differentiation. ". Peptides 23 (2): 367–76. PMID 11825651.
- Hagan MM (2002). "Peptide YY: a key mediator of orexigenic behavior. ". Peptides 23 (2): 377–82. PMID 11825652.
- Mannon PJ (2002). "Peptide YY as a growth factor for intestinal epithelium. ". Peptides 23 (2): 383–8. PMID 11825653.
- Tseng WW, Liu CD (2002). "Peptide YY and cancer: current findings and potential clinical applications. ". Peptides 23 (2): 389–95. PMID 11825654.
- El-Salhy M, Suhr O, Danielsson A (2002). "Peptide YY in gastrointestinal disorders. ". Peptides 23 (2): 397–402. PMID 11825655.
- Imamura M (2002). "Effects of surgical manipulation of the intestine on peptide YY and its physiology. ". Peptides 23 (2): 403–7. PMID 11825656.
- Beglinger C, Degen L (2007). "Gastrointestinal satiety signals in humans--physiologic roles for GLP-1 and PYY?". Physiol. Behav. 89 (4): 460–4. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document. PMID 16828127.
- Eberlein GA, Eysselein VE, Schaeffer M, et al. (1989). "A new molecular form of PYY: structural characterization of human PYY(3-36) and PYY(1-36). ". Peptides 10 (4): 797–803. PMID 2587421.
- Facer P, Bishop AE, Cole GA, et al. (1989). "Developmental profile of chromogranin, hormonal peptides, and 5-hydroxytryptamine in gastrointestinal endocrine cells. ". Gastroenterology 97 (1): 48–57. PMID 2721879.
- Tatemoto K, Nakano I, Makk G, et al. (1989). "Isolation and primary structure of human peptide YY. ". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 157 (2): 713–7. PMID 3202875.
- Lukinius AI, Ericsson JL, Lundqvist MK, Wilander EM (1986). "Ultrastructural localization of serotonin and polypeptide YY (PYY) in endocrine cells of the human rectum. ". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 34 (6): 719–26. PMID 3517149.
- Adrian TE, Ferri GL, Bacarese-Hamilton AJ, et al. (1985). "Human distribution and release of a putative new gut hormone, peptide YY. ". Gastroenterology 89 (5): 1070–7. PMID 3840109.
- Lundell I, Blomqvist AG, Berglund MM, et al. (1996). "Cloning of a human receptor of the NPY receptor family with high affinity for pancreatic polypeptide and peptide YY. ". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (49): 29123–8. PMID 7493937.
- Bard JA, Walker MW, Branchek TA, Weinshank RL (1995). "Cloning and functional expression of a human Y4 subtype receptor for pancreatic polypeptide, neuropeptide Y, and peptide YY. ". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (45): 26762–5. PMID 7592911.
- Hort Y, Baker E, Sutherland GR, et al. (1995). "Gene duplication of the human peptide YY gene (PYY) generated the pancreatic polypeptide gene (PPY) on chromosome 17q21. 1. ". Genomics 26 (1): 77–83. PMID 7782089.
- Kohri K, Nata K, Yonekura H, et al. (1993). "Cloning and structural determination of human peptide YY cDNA and gene. ". Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1173 (3): 345–9. PMID 8318545.
See also
External links
Ghrelin is a Hormone produced mainly by P/D1 cells lining the fundus of the human Stomach and epsilon cells of the Pancreas that stimulates Leptin (Greek leptos meaning thin is a 16 kDa Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and booksDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic