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Pepsi-Cola
Type Cola
Manufacturer PepsiCo. Cola is a sweet carbonated drink usually with Caramel coloring and containing Caffeine. PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated
Country of origin United States
Introduced 16 June 1903
Related products Coca-Cola
RC Cola
Dr. Pepper
Inca-Cola

Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries RC Cola (or Royal Crown Cola) is a Cola Soft drink developed in 1905 by Columbus Georgia Pharmacist Claude A Dr Pepper is a soft drink marketed in North America, South America and Europe by Dr Pepper Snapple Group. Inca Kola also known as Inca Cola or the Golden Kola is a Soft drink made in Peru. PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated It is sold in stores, restaurants and from vending machines. A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks beverages and other products to consumers The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina. Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences Caleb Davis Bradham ( May 27, 1867 — February 19, 1934) invented the Soft drink Pepsi-Cola. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting There have been many Pepsi variants produced over the years since 1903, including Diet Pepsi, Crystal Pepsi, Pepsi Twist, Pepsi Max, Pepsi Samba, Pepsi Blue, Pepsi Gold, Pepsi Holiday Spice, Pepsi Jazz, Pepsi X (available in Finland and Brazil), Pepsi Next (available in Japan and South Korea), Pepsi Raw, Pepsi Retro in Mexico, Pepsi One, and Pepsi Ice Cucumber in Japan. PepsiCo has produced a number of variations on its primary Cola, Pepsi, over the years including Colas Pepsi Diet Pepsi is a Low - Calorie carbonated Cola, introduced in 1964 as a variant of Pepsi-Cola with no sugar Crystal Pepsi was a caffeine-free soda made by PepsiCo from 1992 to 1993 in the United States, Canada, and for a short time in Australia. Pepsi Twist is a Lemon flavored Cola, marketed by PepsiCo as an alternative to regular Pepsi. Pepsi Max, similar to its forerunner Pepsi Edge, is a low- Calorie, Sugar -free Cola, marketed by PepsiCo as an alternative to regular PepsiCo has produced a number of variations on its primary Cola, Pepsi, over the years including Colas Pepsi Pepsi Blue, launched in mid-2002 and discontinued in 2004 was the result of taste-testing over 100 flavors over a 9-month period. PepsiCo has produced a number of variations on its primary Cola, Pepsi, over the years including Colas Pepsi PepsiCo has produced a number of variations on its primary Cola, Pepsi, over the years including Colas Pepsi Jazz is a brand of soda made by the Pepsi company in 2006 It is a specifically named variant of Pepsi's popular Diet Pepsi product combining several different Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː Pepsi Raw is a Soft drink created by PepsiCo from natural ingredients including apple extract plain Caramel colouring, coffee leaf Tartaric acid

Contents

History

Origins

Pepsi was first made in New Bern, North Carolina, in the United States in the early 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham. Pharmacy (from the Greek φάρμακον 'pharmakon' = drug is the Health profession that links the Health sciences with the chemical sciences Caleb Davis Bradham ( May 27, 1867 — February 19, 1934) invented the Soft drink Pepsi-Cola. In 1898, "Brad's drink" was changed to "Pepsi-Cola" and later trademarked on June 16, 1903. Events 1487 - Battle of Stoke Field, the last dying breath of the Wars of the Roses. Year 1903 ( MCMIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting [1] There are several theories on the origin of the word "pepsi".

The only two discussed within the current PepsiCo website are the following:

  1. Caleb Bradham bought the name "Pep Kola" from a local competitor and changed it to Pepsi-Cola.
  2. "Pepsi-Cola" is an anagram for "Episcopal" - a large church across the street from Bradham's drugstore. An anagram ( Greek anagramma 'letters written anew' passive participle of ana- 'again' + gramma 'letter' is a type of Word play There is a plaque at the site of the original drugstore documenting this, though PepsiCo has denied this theory.

The word Pepsi comes from the Greek word "pepsi" (πέψη), which is a medical term, describing the food dissolving process within one's stomach. It is also a medical term, that describes a problem with one's stomach to dissolve foods properly.

Another theory is that Caleb Bradham and his customers simply thought the name sounded good or the fact that the drink had some kind of "pep" in it because it was a carbonated drink, they gave it the name "Pepsi".

It was made of carbonated water, sugar, vanilla, rare oils, and kola nuts. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. Vanilla is a Flavoring derived from Orchids of the genus Vanilla native to Mexico. An essential oil is a concentrated Hydrophobic Liquid containing volatile Aroma compounds from Plants They are also known as volatile Kola nut ( Cola) is a genus of about 125 species of Trees native to the tropical Rainforests of Africa, classified in the family Whether the original recipe included the enzyme pepsin is disputed. Enzymes are Biomolecules that catalyze ( ie increase the rates of Chemical reactions Almost all enzymes are Proteins Pepsin is a digestive Protease ( released by the chief cells in the Stomach that functions to degrade food Proteins into [2][3]

In 1903, Bradham moved the bottling of Pepsi-Cola from his drugstore into a rented warehouse. That year, Bradham sold 7,968 gallons of syrup. In Cooking, a syrup (from Arabic' ar شراب sharab, beverage via Latin siropus) is a thick Viscous Liquid The next year, Pepsi was sold in six-ounce bottles and sales increased to 19,848 gallons. In 1924, Pepsi received its first logo redesign since the original design of 1905. In 1926, the logo was changed again. In 1929, automobile race pioneer Barney Oldfield endorsed Pepsi-Cola in newspaper ads as "A bully drink. Berna Eli "Barney" Oldfield ( June 3, 1878 &ndash October 4, 1946) was an Automobile racer and pioneer . . refreshing, invigorating, a fine bracer before a race".

In 1929, the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt during the Great Depression- in large part due financial losses incurred by speculating on wildly fluctuating sugar prices as a result of World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Assets were sold and Roy C. Megargel bought the Pepsi trademark. [4] Eight years later, the company went bankrupt again. Pepsi's assets were then purchased by Charles Guth, the President of Loft Inc. Loft was a candy manufacturer with retail stores that contained soda fountains. He sought to replace Coca-Cola at his stores' fountains after Coke refused to give him a discount on syrup. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries Guth then had Loft's chemists reformulate the Pepsi-Cola syrup formula.

Rise in popularity

During the Great Depression, Pepsi gained popularity following the introduction in 1929 of a 10-ounce bottle. This article is about the unit of mass For the unit of force see Pound-force. Initially priced at 10 cents, sales were slow, but when the price was slashed to five cents, sales increased substantially. In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit With a radio advertising campaign featuring the jingle "Pepsi cola hits the spot / Twelve full ounces, that's a lot / Twice as much for a nickel, too / Pepsi-Cola is the drink for you," Pepsi encouraged price-watching consumers to switch, obliquely referring to the Coca-Cola standard of six ounces a bottle for the price of five cents (a nickel), instead of the 12 ounces Pepsi sold at the same price. A jingle is a memorable Slogan, set to an engaging Melody, mainly broadcast on Radio and sometimes on Television commercials. The United States five- cent Coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of Currency equaling one-twentieth or five hundredths of a [5] Coming at a time of economic crisis, the campaign succeeded in boosting Pepsi's status. In 1936 alone 500,000,000 bottles of Pepsi were consumed. From 1936 to 1938, Pepsi-Cola's profits doubled. [6]

Pepsi's success under Guth came while the Loft Candy business was faltering. Since he had initially used Loft's finances and facilities to establish the new Pepsi success, the near-bankrupt Loft Company sued Guth for possession of the Pepsi-Cola company. A long legal battle, Guth v. Loft, then ensued, with the case reaching the Delaware Supreme Court and ultimately ending in a loss for Guth. Guth v Loft Inc, 5 A 2d 503 (Del Ch 1939 is a Delaware corporation law case on corporate opportunities and the Duty of loyalty. The Supreme Court of Delaware is the sole Appellate court in the United States ' state of Delaware. Loft now owned Pepsi, and the two companies did a merger, then immediately spun off the Loft company.

Niche marketing

1940s advertisement specifically targeting African Americans.
1940s advertisement specifically targeting African Americans.

Walter Mack was named the new President of Pepsi-Cola and guided the company through the 1940s. Mack, who supported progressive causes, noticed that the company's strategy of using advertising for a general audience either ignored African Americans or used ethnic stereotypes in portraying blacks. Progressivism is a term that refers to a broad school of international social and political philosophies. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa He realized African Americans were an untapped niche market and that Pepsi stood to gain market share by targeting its advertising directly towards them. A niche market is a focused targetable portion (subset of a market Market share, in Strategic management and Marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available Market or Market segment that is [7] To this end, he hired Hennan Smith, an advertising executive "from the Negro newspaper field"[8] to lead an all-black sales team, which had to be cut due to the onset of World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including In 1947, Mack resumed his efforts, hiring Edward F. Boyd to lead a twelve-man team. Edward Francis "Ed" Boyd ( June 27 1914 &ndash April 30 2007) was an American Marketing executive who was responsible They came up with advertising portraying black Americans in a positive light, such as one with a smiling mother holding a six pack of Pepsi while her son (a young Ron Brown, who grew up to be Secretary of Commerce[9]) reaches up for one. Ronald Harmon Brown ( August 1, 1941 &ndash April 3, 1996) was the United States Secretary of Commerce, serving during the first The United States Secretary of Commerce is the head of the United States Department of Commerce concerned with business and industry the Department states its mission to Another ad campaign, titled "Leaders in Their Fields", profiled twenty prominent African Americans such as Nobel Peace Prize winner Ralph Bunche and photographer Gordon Parks. An advertising campaign is a series of Advertisement messages that share a single idea and theme which make up an integrated marketing communication (IMC The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Dr Ralph Johnson Bunche ( August 7, 1903 &ndash December 9, 1971) was an American Political scientist and Diplomat For the Scottish sports journalist and former footballer see Gordon Parks (footballer Gordon Roger Alexander Buchanan Parks ( November 30, 1912

Boyd also led a sales team composed entirely of African Americans around the country to promote Pepsi. Racial segregation and Jim Crow laws were still in place throughout much of the U. The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enacted primarily but not exclusively in the Southern and border states of the United States between 1876 and 1965 S. , so Boyd's team faced a great deal of discrimination as a result,[8] from insults by Pepsi co-workers to threats by Ku Klux Klan. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are [9] On the other hand, they were able to use racism as a selling point, attacking Coke's reluctance to hire blacks and support by the chairman of Coke to segregationist Governor of Georgia Herman Talmadge. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Colonial governors James Oglethorpe, Resident Trustee, 1733 - 1743 ( Oglethorpe County) William Stephens, Herman Eugene Talmadge ( August 9, 1913 – March 21, 2002) was an American politician who served as Governor of the [7] As a result, Pepsi's market share as compared to Coke's shot up dramatically. After the sales team visited Chicago, Pepsi's share in the city overtook that of Coke for the first time. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. [7]

This focus on the African American market caused some consternation within the company and among its affiliates. They did not want to seem focused on black customers for fear white customers would be pushed away. The Caucasian race, sometimes the Caucasoid race, is a term of Racial classification, coined around 1800 by Johann Friedrich Blumenbach for the " [7] In a meeting at the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, Mack tried to assuage the 500 bottlers in attendance by pandering to them, saying, "We don't want it to become known as the nigger drink. The Waldorf-Astoria Hotel is a famously luxurious hotel in New York Nigger is a Noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a derogatory context to refer to Black people, and also as an informal "[10] After Mack left the company in 1950, support for the black sales team faded and it was cut.

Marketing

A large advertisement made to resemble a Pepsi cup at the theme park, Nickelodeon Universe inside the Mall of America.
A large advertisement made to resemble a Pepsi cup at the theme park, Nickelodeon Universe inside the Mall of America. For the Nickelodeon themed area inside Kings Island theme park see Kings Island - Nickelodeon Universe. Mall of America (also MOA, MoA or the Megamall) is a super-regional shopping mall located in the Twin Cities suburb of Bloomington
The first of many new designs of Pepsi cans which were released in 2007.
The first of many new designs of Pepsi cans which were released in 2007.

In 1975, Pepsi introduced the Pepsi Challenge marketing campaign where PepsiCo set up a blind tasting between Pepsi-Cola and rival Coca-Cola. The Pepsi Challenge has been an ongoing Marketing promotion run by PepsiCo since 1975. During these blind taste tests the majority of participants picked Pepsi as the better tasting of the two soft drinks. PepsiCo took great advantage of the campaign with television commercials reporting the test results to the public. A television advertisement or television commercial (often just commercial or advert (US or ad (UK is a span of television programming produced [11].

In 1996, PepsiCo launched the highly successful Pepsi Stuff marketing strategy. Pepsi Stuff refers to a promotion launched by PepsiCo, first in North America and then around the world in the 1990s and continuing into the 2000s featuring merchandise By 2002, the strategy was cited by Promo Magazine as one of 16 "Ageless Wonders" that "helped redefine promotion marketing. "[12]

In 2007, PepsiCo redesigned their cans for the fourteenth time, and for the first time, included more than thirty different backgrounds on each can, introducing a new background every three weeks. [13]

Celebrity endorsers

Main article: Pepsi spokespersons

Like Coca-Cola, Pepsi and its associated beverages have had various celebrity endorsers and continue to use them. Pepsi, the carbonated Beverage, has had many advertising spokespersons over the years A celebrity is a widely-recognized or famous person who commands a high degree of public and media attention


Slogans

Bans in India

See also: PepsiCo - Criticisms

Pepsi was banned from import in India in 1970 for having refused to release the list of its ingredients. The Spice Girls are a BRIT Award -winning English pop Girl group formed in 1994 Britney Jean Spears (born December 2 1981 is an American recording artist and entertainer Mary Jane Blige (surname pronounced /blaɪʒ/) (born January 11, 1971) is an American Singer-songwriter, Rapper Jennifer Lynn Lopez (born July Beyoncé Giselle Knowles (born September 4 1981 commonly known as Beyoncé (biːˈɑn Mary Jane Blige (surname pronounced /blaɪʒ/) (born January 11, 1971) is an American Singer-songwriter, Rapper PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country In 1988, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. [14] In 2003 and again in 2006, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), a non-governmental organization in New Delhi, claimed that soda drinks produced by manufacturers in India, including both Pepsi and Coca-Cola, had dangerously high levels of pesticides in their drinks. The Centre for Science and Environment (CSE (founded in 1980 is an Indian Non-governmental organization seeking to create public awareness in India about Science New Delhi (नई दिल्ली ਨਵੀਂ ਦਿੱਲੀ نئی دلی is the Capital city of India. [15] [16] Both PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company maintain that their drinks are safe for consumption and have published newspaper advertisements that say pesticide levels in their products are less than those in other foods such as tea, fruit and dairy products. [17] In the Indian state of Kerala, sale and production of Pepsi-Cola, along with other soft drinks, were banned in 2006[18] following partial bans on the drinks in schools, colleges and hospitals in five other Indian states. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; [18] On September 22, 2006, the High Court in Kerala overturned the Kerala ban ruling that only the central government can ban food products. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [19]

Health concerns

Pepsi and similar products contain large amounts of sugar. Excessive sugar intake is thought to be a contributing factor in the development of certain types of diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Sugar is also a leading contributor to tooth decay.

Rivalry with Coca-Cola

According to Consumer Reports, in the 1970s, the rivalry continued to heat up the market. Pepsi conducted blind taste tests in stores, in what was called the "Pepsi Challenge". In marketing a blind taste test is often used as a tool for companies to compare their Brand to another brand The Pepsi Challenge has been an ongoing Marketing promotion run by PepsiCo since 1975. These tests suggested that more consumers preferred the taste of Pepsi (which is believed to have more lemon oil, less orange oil, and uses vanillin rather than vanilla) to Coke. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants An orange —specifically the sweet orange —is the Citrus fruit Citrus sinensis ( syn Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an Organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3 Vanilla is a Flavoring derived from Orchids of the genus Vanilla native to Mexico. The sales of Pepsi started to climb, and Pepsi kicked off the "Challenge" across the nation.

In 1985, The Coca-Cola Company, amid much publicity, changed its formula. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world The Coca-Cola formula is The Coca-Cola Company 's secret recipe for Coca-Cola. Some authorities believe that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge. New Coke was the unofficial name of the sweeter formulation introduced in 1985 by The Coca-Cola Company to replace its flagship Soft drink, Coca-Cola However, a consumer backlash led to Coca-Cola quickly introducing a modified version of the original formula (removing the expensive Haitian lime oil and changing the sweetener to corn syrup) as Coke "Classic".

Comedian Dave Chappelle starred in ads for both Coca-Cola and Pepsi, an act which drew controversy. David Khari Webber Chappelle (born August 24, 1973) is an American Comedian, Screenwriter, television / Film producer, and When referring to it in his show, Chappelle said, "I can't even taste the difference: all I know is Pepsi paid me most recently, so it tastes better. "

In the U. S. , Pepsi's total market share was about 31. 7 percent in 2004, while Coke's was about 43. 1 percent. [20]

Overall, Coca-Cola continues to outsell Pepsi in almost all areas of the world. Saudi Arabia, Pakistan (Pepsi has been a dominant sponsor of the Pakistan cricket team since the 1990s), the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Prince Edward Island and the U. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The Pakistan National Cricket Team is an international Cricket team representing Pakistan. The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P S. states of Michigan and South Carolina are the exceptions. Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. [21]

Pepsi had long been the drink of Canadian Francophones and it continues to hold its dominance by relying on local Québécois celebrities (especially Claude Meunier, of La Petite Vie fame) to sell its product. The adjective francophone (alternately Francophone) means French -speaking typically as primary language whether referring to individuals groups or places A Québécois or Quebecois (pronounced) or in the feminine Québécoise (pronounced) (plural Québécoises) is a native or resident of the La petite vie was first a stage sketch of the comedy duo Ding et Dong, formed by Claude Meunier and Serge Thériault, and later a hit Quebec [22] "Pepsi" eventually became an offensive nickname for Francophones. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name.

By most accounts, Coca-Cola was India's leading soft drink until 1977 when it left India after a new government ordered The Coca-Cola Company to turn over its secret formula for Coke and dilute its stake in its Indian unit as required by the Foreign Exchange Regulation Act (FERA). In 1988, PepsiCo gained entry to India by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991 when the use of foreign brands was allowed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. In 1993, The Coca-Cola Company returned in pursuance of India's Liberalization policy. In general liberalization (or liberalisation) refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions usually in areas of social or economic policy [23] In 2005, The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo together held 95% market share of soft-drink sales in India. Coca-Cola India's market share was 52. 5%. [24]

In Russia, Pepsi initially had a larger market share than Coke but it was undercut once the Cold War ended. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the In 1972, Pepsico company struck a barter agreement with the then government of the Soviet Union, in which Pepsico was granted exportation and Western marketing rights to Stolichnaya vodka in exchange for importation and Soviet marketing of Pepsi-Cola. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Stolichnaya ( also known as Stoli) is a Russian Vodka produced from Wheat and rye grains in Russia. Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. [25] [26] This exchange led to Pepsi-Cola being the first foreign product sanctioned for sale in the U.S.S.R.. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 [27]

Reminiscent of the way that Coca-Cola became a cultural icon and its global spread spawned words like "coca colonization", Pepsi-Cola and its relation to the Soviet system turned it into an icon. Cocacolonization (alternatively coca-colonization) is a term that refers to Globalization or Cultural colonization. In the early 1990s, the term, "Pepsi-stroika", began appearing as a pun on "perestroika", the reform policy of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev. (Перестройка) is the Russian term (now used in English for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Critics viewed the policy as a lot of fizz without substance and as an attempt to usher in Western products in deals there with the old elites. Pepsi, as one of the first American products in the Soviet Union, became a symbol of that relationship and the Soviet policy. [28] This was reflected in Russian author Victor Pelevin's book "Generation P". Generation "П" is the third novel by Russian author Victor Pelevin.

In 1992, following the Soviet collapse, Coca-Cola was introduced to the Russian market. The Soviet Union 's collapse into independent nations began early in 1985 As it came to be associated with the new system, and Pepsi to the old, Coca-Cola rapidly captured a significant market share that might otherwise have required years to achieve. Market share, in Strategic management and Marketing, is the percentage or proportion of the total available Market or Market segment that is By July 2005, Coca-Cola enjoyed a market share of 19. 4 percent, followed by Pepsi with 13 percent. [29]

Rarely, though, has the Coke-Pepsi rivalry gone so far as in Thailand, where it has now led to two deaths (source: [1].

Both Pepsi and Coke have campaigned vigorously for the Thai market. Tropical thirsts have driven consumption of soft drinks there up to a strong 50 to 60 bottles per person per year, despite an annual per capita income of only $350. Although Coke's overall sales, including those of Sprite and Fanta, top Pepsi's total market share 46% to 34%, Coke alone has long trailed Pepsi by a wide margin.

In recent years, Coke had begun closing the gap, but the Thai government hurt the company's sales a year ago when it raised the excise tax on soft drinks by more than 100%. That made Coke and Pepsi raise their prices from a dime to 15¢ a bottle. Thai peasants, who leaned toward Pepsi but occasionally bought both drinks, were forced by the higher prices to cut their consumption and choose one or the other. More often than not, they chose Pepsi.

Coke salesmen became increasingly nervous. One of them, identified only as Tin, spotted Pepsi Salesman Thongyu Meksuk putting up Pepsi posters in a small open-air restaurant on the outskirts of Khampaeng Phet, about 200 miles northwest of Bangkok. Such point-of-purchase advertising is important in Thailand, since about 96% of soft drinks are consumed where they are bought. Coke and Pepsi have long squabbled over prime space in cafés and other public places.

An angry Tin began tearing down his rival's posters. Enraged, Thongyu shouted at Tin. The two men then agreed to settle the matter with a fistfight and departed in clattering bottle trucks for a field near by. On the way, though, Tin pulled his truck alongside Thongyu's and, according to witnesses, blasted him with a shotgun. Thongyu was left dead at his wheel; Tin disappeared.

This was not the first murder in Thailand's cola wars. A few years ago, a Pepsi distributor stabbed a Coke man to death. A court later ruled that the Pepsi employee had acted in self-defense. Such violence is common in provincial Thailand, where political instability has imparted a certain Wild West atmosphere.

But local officials of the two companies deplored the recent murder. Said Coke's Win Mumby: "Both Pepsi and Coke have reasonable managements who try to prevent this kind of thing. " Added Pepsi's Leonard DuBoff: "A poster certainly isn't worth a man's life. " Thongyu's death did accomplish one thing. For a few moments, it got Coke and Pepsi to think seriously about the limits of their rivalry.

Ingredients

Amount per 100mL
Energy 196. 5 kJ
Fat 0 g
Sodium 0. 98 mg
Carbohydrates 11. 74 g
Sugar 11. 04 g
Protein 0 g
Caffeine 10 mg

Pepsi-Cola contains basic ingredients found in most other similar drinks including carbonated water, high fructose corn syrup, sugar, colorings, phosphoric acid, caffeine, citric acid, and natural flavors. High-fructose corn syrup (HFCS is any of a group of Corn syrups that has undergone Enzymatic processing to increase its Fructose content and is then mixed Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V acid, is a mineral (inorganic acid having the Chemical formula Caffeine is a bitter white crystalline Xanthine Alkaloid that acts as a Psychoactive Stimulant Drug and a mild Diuretic Citric acid is a weak organic Acid. It is a natural Preservative and is also used to add an acidic or sour taste to foods and Soft drinks Flavor or flavour is the sensory impression of a Food or other substance, and is determined The caffeine-free Pepsi-Cola contains the same ingredients minus the caffeine.

The original Pepsi-Cola recipe was available from documents filed with the court at the time that the Pepsi-Cola Company went bankrupt in 1929. The original formula contained neither cola nor caffeine.

Competitors

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Pepsi World - FAQs - ADS & HISTORY
  2. ^ Mike Gange, Pop Culture Paraphernalia, The Encyclopedia of Pepsi-Cola Collectibles
  3. ^ "The History of Pepsi Cola", Mary Bellis, about. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries RC Cola (or Royal Crown Cola) is a Cola Soft drink developed in 1905 by Columbus Georgia Pharmacist Claude A PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated Pepsi Stuff refers to a promotion launched by PepsiCo, first in North America and then around the world in the 1990s and continuing into the 2000s featuring merchandise Soft drink is a beverage that does not contain Alcohol. Carbonated soft drinks are commonly known as soda soda pop pop, or The Cola Wars (a play on Cold War) was a campaign of mutually-targeted television advertisements and marketing campaigns in the 1980s and 1990s between The Pepsi Globe is the name of the Logo for Pepsi, called as such because of the swirling "red white & blue" design in a Sphere -like shape The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world Pepsi-Cola is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. PepsiCo has produced a number of variations on its primary Cola, Pepsi, over the years including Colas Pepsi The Pepsi Max Big One is a steel Roller coaster located at Pleasure Beach Blackpool in the United Kingdom. Pepsi Orange Streak (formerly known as Pepsi Ripsaw and also known simply as the Orange Streak) is a Roller coaster located in Nickelodeon Universe com
  4. ^ "The History of Pepsi-Cola", sodamuseum. bigstep. com paragraph 8
  5. ^ 1939 Radio Commercial (Twice as Much for a Nickel)
  6. ^ Jones, Eleanor & Ritzmann, Florian. "Coca-Cola at Home". Retrieved June 17, 2006. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  7. ^ a b c d Martin, Douglas. "Edward F. Boyd Dies at 92; Marketed Pepsi to Blacks.", The New York Times, May 6, 2007. Events 1527 - Spanish and German troops sack Rome; some consider this the end of the Renaissance. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John  
  8. ^ a b Archer, Michelle. "Pepsi's challenge in 1940s: Color barrier", USA Today, January 22, 2007. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-05-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses  
  9. ^ a b Stewart, Jocelyn Y. "Edward Boyd, 92; Pepsi ad man broke color barriers", Los Angeles Times, May 5, 2007. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-05-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John  
  10. ^ Tavis, Smiley (February 27, 2007). Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Edward Boyd (interview). PBS. The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  11. ^ SODAmuseum.com "The History of Pepsi-Cola", sodamuseum. bigstep. com, paragraph 31
  12. ^ PepsiCo - Company - Honors (2002), Promo Magazine, 2002.
  13. ^ Pepsi Can Gallery
  14. ^ PepsiCo India
  15. ^ Pepsi, Coke contain pesticides: CSE
  16. ^ Pesticides in Soft Drinks(Pepsico and Coca-Cola) In-Depth Section
  17. ^ Cola sales down 10% on state bans
  18. ^ a b Indian state bans Pepsi and Coke
  19. ^ Thomas, V. M. Indian state lifts cola ban
  20. ^ "Beverage Digest Press Release", Beverage Digest, March 4, 2005 (PDF)
  21. ^ [http://www.strategymag.com/articles/magazine/20041015/vive.html "Vive la difference 'Does that mean I have to have a separate campaign?"], Strategy Magazine, October 2004
  22. ^ The Pepsi 'Meunier' Campaign. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Canadian Advertising Success Stories (Cassies) Case Library. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan.
  23. ^ "India: Soft Drinks, Hard Cases", The Water Dossier, 14 March 2005
  24. ^ "Fizzical Facts: Coke claims 60% mkt share in India", Times News Network, August 5, 2005
  25. ^ Robert Laing (2006-03-28). Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Pepsi's comeback, Part II. Mail & Guardian online. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World
  26. ^ Free-Essays.us - Coke Vs. Pepsi
  27. ^ PepsiCo Company History (1972). PepsiCo, Inc. Retrieved on 2007-07-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World
  28. ^ The word first appeared in an exhibit in the Harvard University Law School Library in December 1990 to February 1991, then in several articles and books by anthropologist David Lempert, who coined the phrase. David Howard Lempert is an anthropologist, author social entrepreneur and development consultant Most notable is the third book inside the two volume set, "Pepsi-stroika" in Daily Life in a Crumbling Empire: The Absorption of Russia into the World Economy, Columbia University Press/ Eastern European Monographs, 1996.
  29. ^ "Coke Versus Pepsi, Santa Versus Moroz", The Moscow Times, December 30, 2005

References

External links

Dictionary

Pepsi

-proper noun

  1. A brand of carbonated cola non-alcoholic drink produced by the company Pepsi.
  2. A portion of the beverage.
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