| Pepin the Short | |
| King of the Franks, Mayor of the Palaces of Neustria and Austrasia | |
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| Reign | 751 – 768 |
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| Born | 714 |
| Died | 24 September 768 |
| Predecessor | Childeric III |
| Successor | Charlemagne Carloman I, joint ruler with Charlemagne |
| Dynasty | Carolingian |
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Pippinids
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Arnulfings
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Carolingians
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After the Treaty of Verdun (843)
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Pepin or Pippin (714 – 24 September 768), called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III,[1] was the Mayor of the Palace and Duke of the Franks from 741 and King of the Franks from 751 to 768. Louis the Pious (778 &ndash 20 June 840) also called the Fair, and the Debonaire, was the King of Aquitaine from 781 and co-Emperor In the Treaty of Verdun of 843 the three surviving sons of Louis the Pious, Charlemagne 's grandsons divided his territories the Carolingian Lothair I ( German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 &ndash 29 September 855) Middle Francia designates the realm created for Emperor Lothair I (843-855 wedged between East Francia and West Francia. Charles the Bald ( 13 June 823 – 6 October 877) Holy Roman Emperor (875–877 as Charles II) and King of West Francia West Francia or the West Frankish Kingdom was a short-lived kingdom encompassing the lands of the western part of the Carolingian Empire that came under the undisputed Louis (also Ludwig or Lewis) the German (also known as Louis II or Louis the Bavarian) (806 &ndash August 28, 876 East ( ern) Francia ( Regnum Francorum orientalium) known variously as Francia Orientalis or the Kingdom of the East Franks, was the Events By Place Asia February 28 — An Earthquake strikes Syria Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina. Events By Place Europe Pepin the Short ( 714 — 768 king of the Franks since 751, dies he is succeeded Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval Title and Office, also called Majordomo, from the Latin title Maior domus ("superior The Franks were originally led by dukes (military leaders and reguli (petty kings He was the father of Charlemagne. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his
He was the son of Charles Martel, mayor of the palace and duke of the Franks, and of Rotrude of Trier (690-724). Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Carolus Martellus Charles "the Hammer" (ca Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval Title and Office, also called Majordomo, from the Latin title Maior domus ("superior Rotrude of Treves (variously spelled Chrotrude Chrotrud Rotrude Chotrude Chrotude Chrotrudis also known as Rotrou of Treves, was born in 690 in Austrasia; died Events By Place Asia Wu Zetian 's Zhou Dynasty begins in China (she was China's first and only female emperor ruling on her own For the area code see Area code 724 Events By Place Asia Emperor Shōmu succeeds Empress Genshō
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Assumption of power
Pepin's father, Charles Martel, died in 741. This article is about the year 741 For the 741 Integrated circuit, see Operational amplifier. He divided the rule of the Frankish kingdom between Pepin and his elder brother, Carloman, his surviving sons by his first wife: Carloman became Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia, Pepin became Mayor of the Palace of Neustria. Carloman (between 706 and 716 &ndash 17 August 754 was the eldest son of Charles Martel, Major domo or Mayor of the palace and duke Grifo, Charles' son by his second wife, Swanahild (aka Swanhilde), may also have been intended to receive an inheritance, but he was imprisoned in a monastery by his two half-brothers. Grifo (726&ndash753 was the son of the Frankish Major domo Charles Martel and his second wife Swanahild. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. Carloman, who by all evidence was a deeply pious man, retired to a monastery in 747. Events By Place Asia Abu Muslim unites the Abbasid Empire against the Umayyads Ibrahim the Imam leader This left Francia in the hands of Pepin as sole mayor of the palace and dux et princeps Francorum, a title originated by his grandfather and namesake Pepin of Heristal. Mayor of the Palace was an early medieval Title and Office, also called Majordomo, from the Latin title Maior domus ("superior Pepin (also Pippin, Pipin, or Peppin) of Herstal (c 635 &ndash 16 December 714) was the Mayor of the Palace
Under the reorganization of Francia by Charles Martel the dux et princeps Francorum were the commanders of the armies of the kingdom, in addition to their administrative duties as mayor of the palace, and specifically commander of the standing guard which Martel had begun maintaining year-round since Toulouse in 721.
Upon their assumption, Pepin and Carloman, who had not proved themselves in battle in defense of the realm as their father had, installed the Merovingian Childeric III as king, even though Martel had left the throne vacant since the death of Theuderic IV. The Merovingians (also Merovings) were a Salian Frankish dynasty that came to rule the Franks in a region (known as Francia in Latin Childeric III (died about 753 was the last King of the Franks in the Merovingian dynasty from 743 to his deposition in 751 Theuderic IV (or Theuderich, Theoderic, or Theodoric; in French, Thierry) was the Merovingian King of the Franks Childeric had the title of king, but he was considered weak. As time passed, and his brother bowed out of the picture, Pepin became discontent with the royal power being with Childeric.
At the time of Carloman's retirement, Grifo escaped his imprisonment and fled to Duke Odilo of Bavaria, who was married to Hiltrude, Pepin's sister. Odilo (d 18 January 748) a son of Gotfrid of the house of Agilolfing, ruled Bavaria from 736 until his death in 748 succeeding Duke Odilo was forced by Pepin to acknowledge Frankish overlordship, but died soon after (January 18, 748). Events 350 - Generallus Magnentius deposes Roman Emperor Constans and proclaims himself Emperor Events By Place Asia January — An Earthquake strikes the Middle East from northern Egypt to northwestern Mesopotamia Pepin invaded Bavaria and installed Tassilo III as duke under Frankish overlordship. Tassilo III (b circa 741 d circa 796 was Duke of Bavaria from 748 to 787 the last of the house of the Agilolfings.
First Carolingian king
Since Pepin had control over the magnates and actually had the power of the king, he suggested the Pope make the Carolingian name royal in law as well as fact. Pepin asked Pope Zachary, "Is it right that the royal power sit with the person with the title of King, or the person who makes the decisions as King?" The Pope answered that the de facto power is more important than the de jure power. Thus, Pepin, having obtained the support of the papacy, discouraged opposition to his house. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and He was elected King of the Franks by an assembly of Frankish leading-men, with a large portion of his army on hand (in the event that the nobility inclined not to honor the Papal bull), and anointed at Soissons, by Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, who, along with his niece, Saint Leoba, was a court advisor. Soissons is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about 100 Saint Boniface ( Latin: Bonifacius c 672 – June 5, 754) the Apostle of the Germans, born Winfrid or Wynfrith at Leoba (also Lioba and Leofgyth) (c 710 - September 28, 782) was an Anglo-Saxon Nun who was part of Boniface Meanwhile, Grifo continued his rebellion, but was eventually killed in the battle of Saint-Jean de Maurienne in 753. Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne (San Giovanni di Moriana is a commune in the Maurienne, the valley of the River Arc. Event By Place Asia Samarkand is conquered by Arabs The town of Staraja Ladoga is founded in Russia. Childeric III was deposed, his hair shaved off and he was confined to a monastery. He was the last of the Merovingians.
Expansion of the Frankish realm
Pepin added to his power after Pope Stephen II traveled all the way to Paris to anoint him in a lavish ceremony at Saint Denis Basilica, bestowing upon him the additional title of patricius Romanorum (Patrician of the Romans). In sources prior to the 1960s this pope is sometimes called Stephen III and Pope-elect Stephen is sometimes called Stephen II. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French The term " patrician " originally referred to a group of elite families in Ancient Rome, including both their natural and As life expectancies were short in those days, and Pepin wanted family continuity, the Pope also anointed Pepin's sons, Charles (eventually known as Charlemagne) and Carloman. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Carloman I ( 28 June, 751 – December 4, 771) was the King of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771
Pepin's first major act was to go to war against the Lombard king Aistulf, who had a policy of expansion into the ducatus Romanum, as a partial repayment for papal support in his quest for the crown. Aistulf (749 - d756 was the Duke of Friuli from 744 king of Lombards from 749 and duke of Spoleto from 751 The Duchy of Rome (Ducatus Romanus was a Byzantine district in the Exarchate of Ravenna. Victorious, he forced the Lombard king to return property seized from the Church and confirmed the papacy in possession of Ravenna and the Pentapolis, the so-called Donation of Pepin whereby the Papal States was founded. Ravenna is a City and Comune in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. A pentapolis, from the Greek words penta 'five' and Polis 'city(-state' is geographic and/or institutional grouping of five cities See also Donation of Constantine The "Donation of Pepin" in 756 provided a legal basis for the erection of the Papal States, which extended The Papal States, State(s of the Church or Pontifical States (in Italian Stato Ecclesiastico, Stato della Chiesa, Stati della Chiesa [2] In 759, he drove the Saracens out of Gaul with the capture of Narbonne and then consolidated his power further by integrating Aquitaine into the kingdom. Events By Place Europe The Franks capture Narbonne; the Saracens are completely driven out of France. Saracen was a term used by Europeans in the Middle Ages for Fatimids at first then later for all who professed the religion of Islam. Gaul (Gallia was the Roman name for the region of Western Europe comprising present day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Narbonne ( Narbona in Catalan and in Occitan, the Roman Narbo) is a commune in southwestern France in the Aquitaine (Aquitània Akitania archaic Guyenne / Guienne (Occitan Guiana) is one of the 26 Regions of France, in the south-western part of In taking Narbonne, and formally annexing Aquitaine (whose status was always dependent on the strength of her suzerains), he completed the work of his father save for one last task: fully subduing the Saxons. The Saxons or Saxon people were a Confederation of Old Germanic tribes. He was preparing for war against them when his health began to fail, and thus, this final task was left for his son, the great Charlemagne.
Legacy
Pepin died during a campaign and was brought to Saint Denis to be buried near the saint in 768 and is interred there in the basilica with his wife Bertrada. Events By Place Europe Pepin the Short ( 714 — 768 king of the Franks since 751, dies he is succeeded Bertrada of Laon, also called Bertha Broadfoot, (720 – July 12, 783) was a Frankish queen Pepin was buried "outside that entrance [of Saint Denis Basilica] according to his wishes, face down, for the sins of his father Charles Martel". The Basilica of Saint Denis ( French: Basilique de Saint-Denis, or simply Basilique Saint-Denis) is the burial site of almost all the French [1]
Historical opinion often seems to regard him as the lesser son and lesser father of two greater men, though a great man in his own right. He continued to build up the heavy cavalry which his father had begun. Heavy cavalry is the late 19th century Misnomer for Cavalry troops that from the late 17th to late 19th centuries usually wore armour and were mounted on largest He maintained the standing army that his father had found necessary to protect the realm and form the core of its full army in wartime. He not only maintained his father's policy of containing the Moors, he drove them over and across the Pyrenees with the capture of Narbonne. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés He continued his father's expansion of the Frankish church (missionary work in Germany and Scandinavia) and the infrastructure (feudalism) that would prove the backbone of medieval Europe. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed
His rule, while not as great as either his father's or son's, was historically important and of great benefit to the Franks as a people. It can certainly be argued that Pepin's assumption of the crown, and the title of Patrician of Rome, were harbingers of his son's imperial coronation which is usually seen as the founding of the Holy Roman Empire. Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2 The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in He certainly made the Carolingians de jure what his father had made them de facto—the ruling dynasty of the Franks and the foremost power of Europe. While not known as a great general, he was undefeated during his lifetime.
Family
In 740, Pepin married Bertrada of Laon, his second cousin. This is about the year in the Gregorian Calendar Events By Place Europe October 26 — An Earthquake strikes Bertrada of Laon, also called Bertha Broadfoot, (720 – July 12, 783) was a Frankish queen Her father, Charibert, was the son of Pepin II's brother, Martin of Laon. Caribert (also spelled Charibert and Heribert Count of Laon, son of Martin of Laon, was the maternal grandfather of Charlemagne. Pepin (also Pippin, Pipin, or Peppin) of Herstal (c 635 &ndash 16 December 714) was the Mayor of the Palace Martin was the count of Laon in the late 7th century. They are known to have had four children:
- Charles (April 2, 742 – January 28, 814), (Charles the Great)
- Carloman (751 – December 4, 771)
- Gisela (757 – 810)
- Pepin, who died in infancy. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of Events By Place Asia Chinese poet Li Po is presented before the emperor and given a position in the Imperial court (approximate date Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted Events By Place Europe Charlemagne dies in Aachen, aged 67 or 72 (depending on source Louis the Pious Carloman I ( 28 June, 751 – December 4, 771) was the King of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771 Events By Place Europe Pepin the Short is elected as king of the Franks by the Frankish nobility marking the end of the "December 4th" redirects here For the song by Jay-Z, see December 4th (song. Events By Place Europe December 4 — Carloman I King of the Franks, dies leaving his brother Charlemagne king of Events By Place Asia March 9 — A major Earthquake strikes Palestine and Syria. For the area code see Area code 810 Events By Place Byzantine Empire October 1 — A man with a Sword makes
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Pepin the Short
Born: 714 Died: 768 |
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| Preceded by Charles Martel |
Mayor of the Palace of Neustria 741–751 |
Titles Retired |
| Preceded by Carloman |
Mayor of the Palace of Austrasia 747–751 |
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| Preceded by Childeric III |
King of the Franks 751–768 |
Succeeded by Charles I and Carloman I |
Notes
- ^ Pepin's name can be very confusing. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the Charles "The Hammer" Martel (Carolus Martellus Charles "the Hammer" (ca The Mayors of the Palace were the chief officials of the Merovingian kings Carloman (between 706 and 716 &ndash 17 August 754 was the eldest son of Charles Martel, Major domo or Mayor of the palace and duke The Mayors of the Palace were the chief officials of the Merovingian kings Childeric III (died about 753 was the last King of the Franks in the Merovingian dynasty from 743 to his deposition in 751 The Franks were originally led by dukes (military leaders and reguli (petty kings Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Carloman I ( 28 June, 751 – December 4, 771) was the King of the Franks from 768 until his death in 771 Historically, historians have vacillated between preference for Pepin, derived from the French Pépin, and the German Pippin. His nickname is also subject to whims, le Bref being translated as either "the Short" or "the Younger". The Younger is explained as referring to the fact that he was the younger of the two Arnulfing Pepins who ruled as mayors of the palace; the Short as deriving from the tales of Notker Balbalus regarding the King's diminutive size. The Pippinids or Arnulfings are the members of a family of Frankish nobles whose select scions served as Mayor of the Palace, de facto rulers of the Frankish kingdoms More novel suggestions include a suggestion that "the Short" referred to his hair—since he was the first Frankish king to wear his hair shorn short. Dutton, PE, Charlemagne's Mustache.
- ^
"Pepin the Short". Catholic Encyclopedia. The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language Encyclopedia published by The Encyclopedia (1913). New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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