The Pentium OverDrive was a microprocessor marketing brand name used by Intel, to cover a variety of consumer upgrade products sold in the mid 1990s. A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a Central processing unit (CPU on a single Integrated Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) It was originally released for 486 motherboards, and later some Pentium sockets. The Intel 486, otherwise known as the 80486 i486 or just 486 was the first tightly pipelined X86 design The Pentium brand refers to Intel 's single-core x86 Microprocessor based on the P5 fifth-generation Microarchitecture. Intel dropped the brand, as it failed to appeal to corporate buyers, and discouraged new system sales.
Contents |
486 sockets
The Pentium OverDrive was claimed to enable owners of 486 type motherboards to upgrade their machines to Pentium performance, without the cost of having to replace the entire system. The chip was a heavily modified Pentium P54 architecture, made with 0. 6 micrometre technology and operating on 3. 3 volts, but with a half-wide data bus (32-bit) and a larger 32 KB L1 cache, double its P5-platform Pentium peers. The range of Integer values that can be stored in 32 bits is 0 through 4294967295 or −2147483648 through 2147483647 using Two's complement encoding [1] Unfortunately the design was plagued with various compatibility problems. Intel changed the specification during development, rendering previously-compatible motherboard designs incompatible. The chip also did not always benefit from the motherboard's cache RAM, resulting in sub-par performance.
When the Pentium OverDrive 83 MHz launched, significantly later than the mere 63 MHz version, it did so at $299, an exorbitant price compared to other upgrade alternatives. [2] The AMD 5x86 and Cyrix Cx5x86 processors were usually faster and were vastly cheaper. The Am5x86 processor is an X86 -compatible CPU introduced in 1995 by AMD for use in 486 -class Computer systems in August 1995, four months before the more famous Cyrix 6x86, the Cyrix 5x86 was one of the fastest CPUs ever produced for Socket 3 Even Intel's own DX4, based on an older chip architecture, was typically faster. The Intel IntelDX4 is a clock-tripled i486 Microprocessor with 16kb L1 cache Only on some applications, where floating point arithmetic was used, the Pentium OverDrive could outperform its predecessors. In Computing, floating point describes a system for numerical representation in which a string of digits (or Bits represents a Real number.
Two interesting parts of the Pentium OverDrive for 486 systems are the integrated fan/heatsink combination and the onboard voltage regulation. A heat sink (or heatsink) is an environment or object that absorbs and dissipates heat from another object using Thermal contact (either direct or radiant The processor cooler is permanently attached and the fan is powered by a trio of conductors on the surface of the chip. They power the fan through spring-loaded metal points in the fan assembly, which is removable to allow replacement of the fan if necessary. The clip that releases the fan is viewable in the photo at the top left corner of the CPU. The central plastic "column" that leads from the center of the fan houses the fan wiring and leads down the side of the heatsink at this corner. The small plastic points at each top left of this column are the locking mechanism for the fan and are released by squeezing them. The opposite corner of the CPU has a latch that locks the fan around underneath the heatsink, by swinging into place upon assembly. The processor monitors the fan and will throttle back on clock speed if it is not operating to prevent overheating and damage. This is a predecessor to Intel's modern processors which have internal temperature detection and protection.
The onboard power regulation, somewhat viewable in the bottom of the photo, allows the CPU to operate on boards that provide only 5 volts to the CPU. This is necessary because the processor itself operates at 3. 3 V like a regular P54C-core Pentium. Late-model 486 motherboards did support this voltage, because some late-model 486 CPUs like the AMD 5x86 required it, but many boards only supported 5 V output. The Am5x86 processor is an X86 -compatible CPU introduced in 1995 by AMD for use in 486 -class Computer systems
PODP5V63
- Introduced February 3, 1995
- 235 pins, P24T pinout
- 5 volts
- 63 MHz on 25 MHz front side bus (25 × 2. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. In Personal computers the Front Side Bus ( FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge. 5)
PODP5V83
- Introduced October 1995
- 237 pins, P24T pinout
- 5 volts
- 83 MHz on 33 MHz front side bus (33 × 2. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 5)
Pentium sockets
The original Pentium chips ran at higher voltages than later models, with a slower 60 or 66 MHz front side bus speed (Socket 4, 5 V). Although little known, Intel did in fact release an OverDrive chip for these sockets, that used an internal clock multiplier of 2, to change them to a "120/133" machine.
- PODP5V133: 133 MHz on 66 MHz bus or 120 MHz on 60 MHz bus
The OverDrive Processors for the Pentium 75, 90 and 100 were also released (Socket 5, 3. 3 V), running at 125, 150 and 166 MHz (clock multiplier of 2. 5). The 125 is an oddity, because Intel never made a Pentium 125 as a stand-alone processor.
- PODP3V125: 125 MHz on 50 MHz bus
- PODP3V150: 150 MHz on 60 MHz bus
- PODP3V166: 166 MHz on 66 MHz bus
These were replaced by Pentium OverDrive MMX, which also upgraded the Pentium 120 - 200 MHz to the faster with MMX technology. MMX is a single instruction multiple data (SIMD Instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 in their Pentium line of
- BOXPODPMT66X200: up to 200 MHz on 66 MHz bus (clock multiplier of 3. 0)
- BOXPODPMT66X166: up to 166 MHz on 66 MHz bus (clock multiplier of 2. 5)
- PODPMT60X180: up to 180 MHz on 60 MHz bus (clock multiplier of 3. 0)
- PODPMT60X150: up to 150 MHz on 60 MHz bus (clock multiplier of 2. 5)
Pentium Pro sockets
In 1998 the Pentium II OverDrive, part number PODP66X333, was released as an upgrade path for Pentium Pro owners. The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation X86 -based Microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel introduced in November 1995 This upgrade could be used in single and dual processor Socket 8 systems, or in two sockets of quad processor Socket 8 systems with CPU 3 and 4 removed. Socket 8 CPU socket was used exclusively with the Intel Pentium Pro and Pentium II Overdrive Computer processors
Combining the Pentium II Deschutes core in a flip-chip package with a 512 KiB full speed L2 cache chip from the Pentium II Xeon into a Socket 8-compatible module resulted in a 300 or 333 MHz processor that could run on a 60 or 66 MHz front side bus. The Pentium II brand refers to Intel 's sixth-generation Microarchitecture (" Intel P6 " and x86 -compatible Microprocessors Flip chip, also known as Controlled Collapse Chip Connection or its acronym C4, is a method for interconnecting Semiconductor devices such as The Xeon brand refers to many families of Intel 's x86 Multiprocessing CPUs – for dual-processor (DP and multi-processor (MP configuration This combination brought together some of the more attractive aspects of the Pentium II and the Pentium II Xeon: MMX support/improved 16-bit performance and full-speed L2 cache, respectively. The later "Dixon" mobile Pentium II core would emulate this combination with its 256 KiB of full-speed cache.
In Intel's "Family/Model/Stepping" scheme, the Pentium II OverDrive CPU is family 6, model 3. Though it was based on the Deschutes core, when queried by the CPUID command, it identified as a Klamath Pentium II. The CPUID Opcode is an instruction (its name derived from CPU IDentification for the X86 architecture The Pentium II brand refers to Intel 's sixth-generation Microarchitecture (" Intel P6 " and x86 -compatible Microprocessors [3] As noted in the Pentium II Processor update documentation from Intel, "Please note that although this processor has a CPUID of 163xh, it uses a Pentium II processor CPUID 065xh processor core. " [4]
Core specifications
- L1 cache: 16 + 16 KiB (Data + Instructions)
- L2 cache: 512 KiB external chip on CPU module running at 100% of CPU speed
- Socket: Socket 8
- Front side bus: 60 or 66 MHz
- VCore: 3. Socket 8 CPU socket was used exclusively with the Intel Pentium Pro and Pentium II Overdrive Computer processors In Personal computers the Front Side Bus ( FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge. 1-3. 3 V (Has on-board voltage regulator)
- Fabrication: 0. 25 µm
- Based on the Deschutes-generation Pentium II
- First release: 1998
- Supports MMX technology
See also
References
- ^ INTEL ANNOUNCES FIRST PENTIUM(TM) OVERDRIVE(TM) PROCESSOR, Press Release, Google Groups, February, 1995. The Pentium II brand refers to Intel 's sixth-generation Microarchitecture (" Intel P6 " and x86 -compatible Microprocessors Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) MMX is a single instruction multiple data (SIMD Instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 in their Pentium line of The Intel 's i486 OverDrive processors are a category of various Intel 80486s that were produced with the designated purpose of
- ^ Crothers, Brooke. System upgrades: Intel plans OverDrive for Pentium systems. Infoworld, September 11, 1995, Vol. 17, Issue 37.
- ^ http://www.heise.de/ct/english/98/18/020/ , Heise, accessed March 21, 2008
- ^ http://download.intel.com/design/PentiumII/specupdt/24333749.pdf
External links
- Intel Pentium OverDrive
- Pictures of the 83 MHz Pentium OverDrive
- Intel 83 MHz Pentium OverDrive
- Intel Pentium OverDrive support page
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic