Pentium D Central processing unit
Produced:	From 2005 to 2008[1]
Manufacturer:	Intel
Max CPU clock:	2. 66 GHz to 3. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. 73 GHz
FSB speeds:	533 MT/s to 1066 MT/s
Min feature size:	0. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. In Personal computers the Front Side Bus ( FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge. Gigatransfer (GT and Megatransfer (MT are terms used in computer technology referring to a number of data transfers (or operations Gigatransfer (GT and Megatransfer (MT are terms used in computer technology referring to a number of data transfers (or operations 09 µm to 0. A micrometre ( American spelling: micrometer; symbol µm) is one millionth of a Metre, or equivalently one thousandth of a Millimetre 065 µm
Instruction set:	MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, x86-64
Microarchitecture:	NetBurst
Cores:	2 (2x1)
Socket:	LGA 775
Core name:	Smithfield, Presler

The Pentium D^[2] brand refers to two series of dual-core 64-bit x86 processors with the NetBurst microarchitecture. An instruction set is a list of all the instructions and all their variations that a processor can execute MMX is a single instruction multiple data (SIMD Instruction set designed by Intel, introduced in 1997 in their Pentium line of S treaming '''S'''IMD E xtensions ( SSE) is a SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data Instruction set extension to the X86 SSE2, Streaming SIMD Extensions 2, is one of the IA-32 SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data Instruction sets SSE2 was first introduced by SSE3, also known by its Intel code name Prescott New Instructions (PNI, is the third iteration of the SSE instruction set for the IA-32 architecture x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. In Computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometime abbreviated to µarch or uarch is a description of the Electrical circuitry of a Computer, Central The Intel NetBurst Microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel was the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the X86 family of CPUs A multi-core processor (or chip-level multiprocessor, CMP) combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single Integrated A multi-core processor (or chip-level multiprocessor, CMP) combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single Integrated '64-bit' CPUs have existed in Supercomputers since the 1960s and in RISC -based workstations and servers since the early 1990s. See also X86 assembly language The generic term x86 refers to the most commercially successful Instruction set architecture in the history of Personal The Intel NetBurst Microarchitecture, called P68 inside Intel was the successor to the P6 microarchitecture in the X86 family of CPUs In Computer engineering, microarchitecture (sometime abbreviated to µarch or uarch is a description of the Electrical circuitry of a Computer, Central Each CPU comprised two single-core dies (CPUs) - next to each other - in one Multi-Chip Module package. A die in the context of Integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated A Multi-Chip Module (MCM is a specialized electronic package where multiple Integrated circuits (ICs semiconductor dies or other modules are packaged in such a way as The brand's first processor, codenamed Smithfield, was released by Intel on May 25, 2005. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nine months later, Intel introduced its successor, codenamed Presler^[3], but without offering significant upgrades in design^[4], still resulting in a relatively high power consumption^[5]. By 2005, the NetBurst processors reached the clock speed barrier at 4 GHz due to a thermal (and power) limit exemplified by the Presler's 130 W TDP^[5] (a high TDP requires additional cooling that can be noisy or expensive). The clock rate is the fundamental rate in cycles per second (measured in Hertz) at which a Computer performs its most basic operations such as adding two The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. The Thermal Design Power (TDP (sometimes called Thermal Design Point) represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate The future belonged to more efficient and slower clocked dual-core CPUs on a single die instead of two. A multi-core processor (or chip-level multiprocessor, CMP) combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single Integrated A die in the context of Integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated The dual die Presler's^[6] last shipment date on August 8, 2008 ^[7] will mark the end of the Pentium D brand and also the NetBurst microarchitecture. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common

Contents 1 Pentium D Edition 1.1 Smithfield 1.2 Presler 1.3 Smithfield XE 1.4 Presler XE 2 Successor 3 Implementation 4 Comparison to Pentium Dual-Core 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Pentium D Edition

The dual-core CPU runs very well with multi-threaded applications typical in transcoding of audio and video, compressing, photo and video editing and rendering, and ray-tracing. A thread in Computer science is short for a thread of execution. See also Lossy data conversion Transcoding is the direct digital-to-digital conversion of one encoding to another Video editing software is Application software which handles the editing of video sequences on a computer Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs In Computer graphics, ray tracing is a technique for generating an image by tracing the path of Light through pixels in an Image plane The single-threaded applications alone, including most games, do not benefit from the second core of dual-core CPU compared to equally clocked single-core CPU. Nevertheless, the dual-core CPU is useful to run both the client and server processes of a game without noticeable lag in either thread, as each instance could be running on a different core. Furthermore, multi-threaded games benefit from the dual-core CPUs.

As of 2008 many business and gaming applications are optimized for multiple cores. They ran equally well when alone on the Pentium D or older Pentium 4 branded CPUs at the same clock speed. The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced However, the applications rarely run alone on computers under Microsoft Windows, Linux, BSD operating systems. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks An operating system (commonly abbreviated OS and O/S) is the software component of a Computer system that is responsible for the management and coordination In such multitasking environments, when antivirus software or another program is running in the background, or where several CPU-intensive applications are running simultaneously, each core of the Pentium D branded processor can handle different programs, improving the overall performance over its single-core Pentium 4 counterpart.

Intel Pentium D processor family
Original Logo	New Logo	Desktop
		Code-named	Core	Date released
		Smithfield Presler	(90nm) (65nm)	May 2005 Jan 2006
		Smithfield XE Presler XE	(90nm) (65nm)	May 2005 Jan 2006
List of Intel Pentium D microprocessors

Smithfield

Smithfield was the first x86 dual-core microprocessor intended for desktop computers. The Pentium D brand refers to Dual-core desktop Microprocessors by Intel targeted at the consumer market with CPU with the A multi-core processor (or chip-level multiprocessor, CMP) combines two or more independent cores into a single package composed of a single Integrated A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a Central processing unit (CPU on a single Integrated A desktop computer is a Personal computer (PC in a form intended for regular use at a single location as opposed to a mobile Laptop or portable computer Intel first launched Smithfield on April 16, 2005 in the form of the 3. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 2 GHz Hyper-threading enabled Pentium Extreme Edition 840. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. Hyper-threading (officially termed Hyper-Threading Technology or HTT) is an Intel-proprietary technology On May 26, 2005, Intel launched the mainstream Pentium D branded processor lineup with initial clock speeds of 2. Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 8, 3. 0, and 3. 2 GHz with model numbers of 820, 830, and 840 respectively. In March 2006, Intel launched the last Smithfield processor, the entry-level Pentium D 805, clocked at 2. 66 GHz with a 533 MT/s bus. Gigatransfer (GT and Megatransfer (MT are terms used in computer technology referring to a number of data transfers (or operations The relatively cheap 805 was found to be highly overclockable; 3. 5 GHz was often possible with good air cooling. Air cooling is a method of dissipating Heat. It works by making the object to be cooled have a larger surface area or have an increased flow of air over its surface or both Running it at over 4 GHz was possible with water cooling, and at this speed the 805 outperformed the top-of-the-line processors (May 2006) from both major CPU manufacturers (the AMD Athlon 64 FX-60 and Intel Pentium Extreme Edition 965) in many benchmarks including power consumption. Water cooling is a method of Heat removal from components As opposed to Air cooling, Water is used as the heat transmitter May 2006 was a month with thirty-one days The following events also occurred during the month The Athlon 64 is an eighth-generation AMD64 architecture Microprocessor produced by AMD, released on ^[8]

The 805 and 820 models had a 95 Watt TDP. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. The Thermal Design Power (TDP (sometimes called Thermal Design Point) represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate All other models were rated at 130 watts.

All Smithfield processor were made of two 90 nm Prescott cores on a single die with 1 MiB of Level 2 (L2) cache per core. The 90 nanometer (90 nm process refers to the level of CMOS process technology that was reached in the 2002-2003 timeframe by most leading semiconductor companies The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced A die in the context of Integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated A mebibyte (a contraction of me ga bi nary byte) is a unit of Information or Computer storage, abbreviated MiB. Hyper-threading was disabled in all Pentium D 8xx-series Smithfields but was enabled in the Pentium Extreme Edition 840. Smithfield did not support VT—Intel's virtualization technology formerly called Vanderpool. x86 virtualization is the method by which X86 -based "guest" operating systems are run under another "host" x86 operating system with little or no modification x86 virtualization is the method by which X86 -based "guest" operating systems are run under another "host" x86 operating system with little or no modification

All Pentium D processors supported Intel 64 (EM64T), XD Bit, and were manufactured for the LGA775 form factor. x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions (or code The only motherboards guaranteed to work with the Pentium D (and Extreme Edition) branded CPUs were those based on the 945-, 955-, 965- and 975-series Intel chipsets, as well as the nForce 4 SLI Intel Edition and ATI Radeon Xpress. A motherboard is the central or primary Printed circuit board (PCB making up a complex electronic system such as a modern Computer or Laptop This is a list of Computer Motherboard Chipsets made by Intel. Models nForce4/nForce4-4x nForce4 is the second evolutional MCP and incorporates both Northbridge and Southbridge on a single die The Radeon Xpress 200 is a computer Chipset released by ATI. The chipset supports AMD 64-bit processors ( Socket 939 and 754) as well The Pentium D 820 did not work with the nForce 4 SLI Intel Edition chipset due to some power design issues, though they were rectified in the X16 version. The 915- and 925-series chipsets did not work at all with the Smithfields, as they did not support more than one core (to prevent motherboard manufacturers from using them for Xeon branded motherboards, as it happened with the 875P chipset). The Xeon brand refers to many families of Intel 's x86 Multiprocessing CPUs – for dual-processor (DP and multi-processor (MP configuration The 865- and 875-series chipsets supported multiprocessing. Motherboards with them might be Pentium D compatible with an updated BIOS. In Computing, the BIOS (ˈbaɪoʊs From the P35 onwards, Intel removed support for all NetBurst chips.

A week after its launch, Intel officially denied a report in Computerworld Today Australia that the Pentium D branded CPUs included "secret" digital rights management features their hardware that could be utilized by Microsoft Windows and other operating systems, but was not publicly disclosed. Digital rights management ( DRM) is a generic term that refers to Access control technologies used by hardware manufacturers publishers and Copyright holders Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. While Intel admitted that there were some DRM technologies in the 945- and 955-series chipsets, it stated that the extent of the technologies was exaggerated, and that the technologies in question had been present in Intel's chipsets since the 875P.

Presler

The last generation of Pentium D branded processors was the Presler identified by the product code 80553, and made of two 65 nm-process cores found also in Pentium 4 branded Cedar Mill CPUs. The 65 nanometer (65 nm process is an advanced lithographic node used in volume CMOS Semiconductor fabrication. The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced The Presler single package also comprised two single-core dies next to each other increasing its processing capability over single-core CPUs branded Pentium 4. A die in the context of Integrated circuits is a small block of semiconducting material on which a given functional circuit is fabricated The Presler was supported by the same chipsets as the Smithfield. It was produced using 65 nm technology similar to the Yonah. The 65 nanometer (65 nm process is an advanced lithographic node used in volume CMOS Semiconductor fabrication. The Core brand refers to Intel 's 32-bit mobile Dual-core X86 CPUs that derived from the Pentium M branded processors The Presler communicated with the system using an 800 MT/s FSB, and its two cores communicated also using the FSB, just as in the Smithfield. In Personal computers the Front Side Bus ( FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge. The Presler also included VT (Virtualization Technology, aka Vanderpool, although limited to the 9x0 models, and not in the 9x5 models), Intel 64, XD bit and EIST (Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology)[*]. x86 virtualization is the method by which X86 -based "guest" operating systems are run under another "host" x86 operating system with little or no modification x86 virtualization is the method by which X86 -based "guest" operating systems are run under another "host" x86 operating system with little or no modification x86-64 is a Superset of the x86 instruction set architecture. The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions (or code SpeedStep is a Trademark for a series of technologies (including SpeedStep SpeedStep II and SpeedStep III built into some Intel The Presler was released in the first quarter of 2006 with a 2x2 MiB Level 2 cache. Its models included 915, 920, 925, 930, 935, 940, 945, 950, and 960 (with a respective 2. 8, 2. 8, 3. 0, 3,0, 3. 2, 3. 2, 3. 4, 3. 4 and 3. 6 GHz clock frequency).

The Presler models 915, 920, 925, 930, 935 (all steppings), 940, 945, 950 (C1, D0 stepping) and 960 (D0 stepping) were rated at a 95 Watt TDP. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. The Thermal Design Power (TDP (sometimes called Thermal Design Point) represents the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate All other models were rated at 130 Watt — a 37% increase in power consumption. ^[9]

[*] The first batch of Presler processors (revision B1) had the EIST feature turned off by a microcode update because of stability issues. That affected only its power consumption, when idle, and thermal dissipation. Chips with working EIST started shipping in Q2 2006. They had a different S-Spec number which can be found in Intel errata documentation, or here.

Smithfield XE

Pentium Extreme Edition was introduced at the Spring 2005 Intel Developers Forum, not to be confused with the "Pentium 4 Extreme Edition" (an earlier, single-core processor occupying the same niche). The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel 's line of single- core mainstream desktop and Laptop Central processing units (CPUs introduced The processor was based on the dual-core Pentium D branded Smithfield, but with Hyper-threading enabled, thus any operating system saw 4 logical processors (2 physical x 2 virtual cores). Hyper-threading (officially termed Hyper-Threading Technology or HTT) is an Intel-proprietary technology It also had an unlocked multiplier to allow overclocking. It was initially released as Intel Pentium Extreme Edition 840 at 3. 20 GHz, in early 2005, at a price point of $999. 99 (OEM version) or $1,200 (Retail). An original equipment manufacturer, or OEM is typically a company that uses a component made by a second company in its own product or sells the product of the second company The only chipsets that worked with the Extreme Edition 840 were the Intel's 955X, NVIDIA's nForce4 SLI Intel Edition, and ATi Radeon Xpress 200. Using a Pentium Extreme Edition branded CPU with an Intel 945-series chipset will disable Hyper-threading effectively turning the processor into a Pentium D branded equivalent.

Presler XE

The Pentium Extreme Edition based on the dual-core Pentium D branded Presler was introduced as the 955 model, at 3. 46 GHz, and used a 1066 MT/s FSB compared to the 800 MT/s in the non-Extreme edition. Gigatransfer (GT and Megatransfer (MT are terms used in computer technology referring to a number of data transfers (or operations In Personal computers the Front Side Bus ( FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge. A second version, the 965 at 3. 73 GHz followed in March 2006. Many overclockers, however, had been able to overclock the core to 4. 26 GHz using air cooling simply by raising the unlocked CPU multiplier.

The 'Presler Extreme Edition' would run only combined with the Intel 975X chipset (it could also work with the 955X chipset, though this combination was not supported by Intel). The i975X featured the ICH7R southbridge and supported all Socket T (LGA775) Pentium 4, Pentium D, and Pentium Extreme Edition branded processors. I/O Controller Hub ( ICH) also known as Intel 82801, is an Intel microchip used as southbridge on Motherboards with Intel Chipsets The Southbridge, also known as the I/O Controller Hub ( ICH) in Intel systems (AMD VIA SiS and others usually

Successor

Main article: Intel Core 2

The Pentium D brand was succeeded on July 27, 2006 by the Core 2 branded line of microprocessors with the Core architecture released as dual- and quad-core CPUs branded Duo, Quad, and Extreme. The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel 's consumer 64-bit dual-core and 2x2 MCM quad-core CPUs with the X86-64 instruction set Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel 's consumer 64-bit dual-core and 2x2 MCM quad-core CPUs with the X86-64 instruction set A microprocessor incorporates most or all of the functions of a Central processing unit (CPU on a single Integrated The Intel Core microarchitecture (previously known as the Intel Next-Generation Micro-Architecture, or NGMA is a multi-core processor

Implementation

In a single-processor scenario, the CPU-to-north bridge link is point-to-point and the only real requirement is that it is fast enough to keep the CPU fed with data from memory. The northbridge, also known as the memory controller hub ( MCH) in Intel systems (AMD VIA SiS and others usually use 'northbridge' is traditionally one

When assessing the Pentium D, it is important to note that it is essentially two CPUs in the same package and that it will face the same bus contention issues as a pair of Xeons prior to the Dual Independent Bus architecture introduced with the Dual-Core Dempsey Xeons. Bus contention, in Computer design, is an undesirable state of the bus in which more than one device on the bus attempts to place values on the bus at the same time The Xeon brand refers to many families of Intel 's x86 Multiprocessing CPUs – for dual-processor (DP and multi-processor (MP configuration To use a crude analogy one could say that instead of using a single cable between CPU and north bridge, one must use a Y-splitter. Leaving aside advanced issues such as cache coherency, each core can only use half of the 800 MT/s FSB bandwidth when under heavy load. In computing Cache coherency (also cache coherence) refers to the integrity of data stored in local caches of a shared resource In Personal computers the Front Side Bus ( FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge.

Comparison to Pentium Dual-Core

Intel has recently released a new line of processors based on the Core architecture under the name Pentium Dual Core. The Core brand refers to Intel 's 32-bit mobile Dual-core X86 CPUs that derived from the Pentium M branded processors While the new Pentium Dual-Core processors boast considerably less wattage consumption opposed to the Pentium D (Using only 65W with Pentium D using 130W), it only has 1MiB L2 Cache memory while Pentium D boasts up to a 2x2 MiB L2 Cache memory. It should be noted that despite these differences, the Pentium dual-core still outperforms the Pentium D with most applications. [1]

See also

• List of Intel Pentium D microprocessors

References

External links

• Intel Pentium D Official Website
• Pentium D 800 and 900 Series Review

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