Penis
Latin	penis, penes
Gray's	subject #262 1247
Artery	Dorsal artery of the penis, deep artery of the penis, artery of the urethral bulb
Vein	Dorsal veins of the penis
Nerve	Dorsal nerve of the penis
Lymph	Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
Precursor	Genital tubercle, Urogenital folds
MeSH	Penis

For the symbol of the erect penis, see phallus. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Gray's Anatomy the Respiratory apparatus ( Apparatus Respiratorius Respiratory system Respiratory apparatus Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. The Dorsal Artery of the Penis ascends between the Crus penis and the Pubic symphysis, and piercing the inferior fascia of the Urogenital diaphragm, passes The deep artery of the penis ( artery to the corpus cavernosum) one of the terminal branches of the Internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated The artery of the urethral bulb ( artery of bulb of penis, bulbourethral artery) is a short vessel of large caliber which arises from the internal pudendal In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel A nerve is an enclosed cable-like bundle of peripheral Axons (the long slender projections of Neurons. The dorsal nerve of the penis is the deepest division of the Pudendal nerve; it accompanies the Internal pudendal artery along the Ramus of the ischium The lymphatic system in Vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called Lymph. The superficial inguinal lymph nodes form a chain immediately below the Inguinal ligament. Embryology (from Greek grc ἔμβρυον embryon, "unborn embryo" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the development A genital tubercle is a body of tissue present in the Development of the urinary and reproductive organs. The urogenital folds (or urogenital ridges, or urethral folds) are an embryological structure which give rise to a portion of the external Genitalia Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books The word phallus can refer to an erect Penis, or to an object shaped like a penis

The penis (plural penises, penes) is an external sexual organ of certain biologically male organisms. A sex organ, or primary sexual characteristic, as narrowly defined is any of the anatomical parts of the body which are involved in sexual reproduction and constitute Male (♂ refers to the sex of an organism or part of an organism which produces small mobile Gametes called spermatozoa. The penis is a reproductive organ, technically an intromittent organ, and for placental mammals, additionally serves as the external organ of urination. Reproduction is the Biological process by which new individual Organisms are produced An intromittent organ is a general term for an external organ of a Male organism that is specialized to deliver Sperm during copulation. The placenta is an Ephemeral organ present in placental Vertebrates, such as Eutherial Mammals and Sharks during Gestation Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, and more rarely emiction, is the process of disposing Urine from the Urinary bladder

Linguistics

Etymology

The word "penis" was taken from Latin and originally meant "tail. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The tail is the section at the rear end of an Animal 's Body; in general the term refers to a distinct flexible Appendage to the Torso. " Some derive that from Indo-European *pesnis, and the Greek word πεος = "penis" from Indo-European *pesos. Prior to the adoption of the Latin word in English the penis was referred to as a "yard". The Oxford English Dictionary cites an example of the word yard used in this sense from 1379,^[1] and notes that in his Physical Dictionary of 1684, Steven Blankaart defined the word penis as "the Yard, made up of two nervous Bodies, the Channel, Nut, Skin, and Fore-skin, etc. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English "^[2]

The Latin word "phallus" (from Greek φαλλος) is sometimes used to describe the penis, although "phallus" originally was used to describe images, pictorial or carved, of the penis. The word phallus can refer to an erect Penis, or to an object shaped like a penis Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly ^[3]

Slang

As with nearly any aspect of the human body that is involved in sexual or excretory functions, the word penis is considered inherently funny from a juvenile perspective, and there are many slang words for the penis, such as "cock", "dick" or "willy". Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials Many of these are noted in the bathroom humor article. Toilet humour, or scatological humour, is a type of off-colour humour dealing with Defecation, Urination, Flatulence, Vomiting

"Penii" is sometimes facetiously or mistakenly used as a plural form of "penis" instead of "penes" or "penises," its correct forms.

Humans

Structure

Anatomical diagram of the human penis and organs surrounding it.

The human penis is made up of three columns of tissue: two corpora cavernosa lie next to each other on the dorsal side and one corpus spongiosum lies between them on the ventral side. Tissue is a cellular organizational level intermediate between cells and a complete organism The corpus cavernosum penis is one of a pair of sponge-like regions of Erectile tissue which contain most of the Blood in the male Penis during Erection In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species Corpus spongiosum (Plural Corpora Spongiosa (also known as corpus cavernosum urethrae in older texts is the mass of spongy tissue surrounding the male Urethra In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species

The end of the corpus spongiosum is enlarged and bulbous-shaped and forms the glans penis. The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive tip of the Penis. The glans supports the foreskin or prepuce, a loose fold of skin that in adults can retract to expose the glans. In Male Human Anatomy, the foreskin or prepuce (a technically broader term that also includes the Clitoral hood, the homologous The area on the underside of the penis, where the foreskin is attached, is called the frenum (or frenulum). The word Frenulum on its own is often used for the frenulum of prepuce of penis, which is an elastic band of tissue under the Glans penis that connects

The urethra, which is the last part of the urinary tract, traverses the corpus spongiosum and its opening, known as the meatus, lies on the tip of the glans penis. In Anatomy, the urethra (from Greek ουρήθρα - ourethra) is a tube which connects the Urinary bladder to the outside of The urinary system (also called Excretory system or the genitourinary system (GUS is the Organ system that produces stores and eliminates Urine. The urinary meatus (pronounced /mē-ˈā-təs/) is the external Orifice of the Urethra, from which Urine is ejected during Urination It is a passage both for urine and for the ejaculation of semen. Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. Ejaculation is the ejecting of Semen from the Penis, and is usually accompanied by Orgasm. Physiological aspects Internal and external fertilization Depending on the Species, spermatozoa can fertilize Sperm are produced in the testes and stored in the attached epididymis. A spermatozoon or spermatozoan ( pl spermatozoa) from the Ancient Greek σπέρμα (seed and ζῷον (living being and more commonly known The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male The epididymis is part of the Human Male Reproductive system and is present in all male Mammals It is a narrow tightly-coiled Tube During ejaculation, sperm are propelled up the vas deferens, two ducts that pass over and behind the bladder. The vas deferens (plural vasa deferentia also called ductus deferens, ( Latin: "carrying-away vessel" is part of the Male Anatomy Fluids are added by the seminal vesicles and the vas deferens turns into the ejaculatory ducts which join the urethra inside the prostate gland. The seminal vesicles ( glandulae vesiculosae) are a pair of simple tubular glands posteroinferior to the Urinary bladder of males The Ejaculatory ducts ( ductus ejaculatorii) are paired structures in male Anatomy, about 2 cm in length The prostate (from Greek προστάτης - prostates, literally "one who stands before" "protector" "guardian" is a The prostate as well as the bulbourethral glands add further secretions, and the semen is expelled through the penis. A bulbourethral Gland (or Cowper 's gland) is one of two small Exocrine glands present in the Reproductive system of human males

The raphe is the visible ridge between the lateral halves of the penis, found on the ventral or underside of the penis, running from the meatus (opening of the urethra) across the scrotum to the perineum (area between scrotum and anus). The perineal raphe extends from the Anus, through the mid-line of the Scrotum (scrotal raphe and upwards through the posterior mid-line aspect of the Penis In Human anatomy, the perineum is generally defined as the surface region in both males and females between the Pubic symphysis and the Coccyx. The anus is an opening at the opposite end of an Animal 's Digestive tract from the Mouth.

The human penis differs from those of most other mammals. It has no baculum, or erectile bone; instead it relies entirely on engorgement with blood to reach its erect state. The baculum (also penis bone, penile bone or os penis) is a Bone found in the Penis of most Mammals It is absent It cannot be withdrawn into the groin, and is larger than average in the animal kingdom in proportion to body mass.

Puberty

Main article: Puberty

When a boy enters puberty, after the testicles begin to develop, the penis begins to grow, along with the rest of the genitalia. The testicle (from Latin testiculus, diminutive of testis, meaning "witness" virility plural testes) is the male The penis begins to grow for boys at around the age of 13. 5 years. It may start as early as age 10 or as late as age 15, however. Growth to mature size usually takes about two years. Growth is usually complete by age 18–21. During the process, pubic hair grows above and around the penis. Pubic hair is Hair in the frontal Genital area the crotch, and sometimes at the top of the inside of the legs these areas form the pubic region

Sexual homology

Fetal development of the genitalia from adrogynous into male and female forms

Main article: Sexual homology

In short, this is a known list of sex organs that evolve from the same tissue in a human life. The List of homologues of the human Reproductive system shows how indifferent Embryonic organs differentiate into the respective sex organs in

The glans of the penis is homologous to the clitoral glans; the corpora cavernosa are homologous to the body of the clitoris; the corpus spongiosum is homologous to the vestibular bulbs beneath the labia minora; the scrotum, homologous to the labia minora and labia majora; and the foreskin, homologous to the clitoral hood. The glans penis (or simply glans) is the sensitive tip of the Penis. In Evolutionary biology, homology has come to mean any similarity between characters that is due to their shared ancestry. The clitoral glans (glans clitoridis is an external portion of the Clitoris. Anatomy The vestibular bulbs, also known as the clitoral bulbs, are aggregations of erectile tissue that are an internal part of the Clitoris The labia minora (singular labium minus) or nymphae are two longitudinal Cutaneous folds on the human Vulva. The labia majora (singular labium majus) are two prominent Longitudinal Cutaneous folds which extend downward and backward from the Mons pubis In Female Human Anatomy, the clitoral hood, (also called preputium clitoridis and clitoral prepuce) is a fold of Skin The raphe does not exist in females, because there, the two halves are not connected.

Erection

Main article: Erection

Adult penis in normal (flaccid) and erected states. The erection of the Penis, Clitoris or a Nipple is its enlarged and firm state Click to enlarge.

An erection is the stiffening and rising of the penis, which occurs during sexual arousal, though it can also happen in non-sexual situations. The primary physiological mechanism that brings about erection is the autonomic dilation of arteries supplying blood to the penis, which allows more blood to fill the three spongy erectile tissue chambers in the penis, causing it to lengthen and stiffen. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells ��such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products The now-engorged erectile tissue presses against and constricts the veins that carry blood away from the penis. More blood enters than leaves the penis until an equilibrium is reached where an equal volume of blood flows into the dilated arteries and out of the constricted veins; a constant erectile size is achieved at this equilibrium.

Erection facilitates sexual intercourse though it is not essential for various other sexual activities. Sexual intercourse, in its biological sense is the act in which the male reproductive organ (in humans and other higher animals enters the female reproductive tract Human sexual behavior or different human sexual practices encompass a wide range of activities such as strategies to find or attract partners ( Mating and display Although many erect penises point upwards (see illustration), it is common and normal for the erect penis to point nearly vertically upwards or nearly vertically downwards or even horizontally straightforward, all depending on the tension of the suspensory ligament that holds it in position. In Males the suspensory ligament of the penis is attached to the Pubic symphysis, which holds the Penis close to the pubic bone and supports it when Stiffness or erectile angle can vary.

Ejaculation

Main article: Ejaculation

Ejaculation is the ejecting of semen from the penis, and is usually accompanied by orgasm. Ejaculation is the ejecting of Semen from the Penis, and is usually accompanied by Orgasm. Physiological aspects Internal and external fertilization Depending on the Species, spermatozoa can fertilize An orgasm (sexual climax is the conclusion of the plateau phase of the sexual response cycle, and may be experienced by both males and females A series of muscular contractions delivers semen containing male gametes known as sperm cells or spermatozoa from the penis into the vagina. A spermatozoon or spermatozoan ( pl spermatozoa) from the Ancient Greek σπέρμα (seed and ζῷον (living being and more commonly known The vagina (from Latin, literally " Sheath " or " Scabbard " is a fibromuscular tubular tract leading from the Uterus It is usually the result of sexual stimulation, which may include prostate stimulation. Sexual stimulation is any stimulus that leads to sexual arousal or Orgasm. The prostate (from Greek προστάτης - prostates, literally "one who stands before" "protector" "guardian" is a Rarely, it is due to prostatic disease. Ejaculation may occur spontaneously during sleep (a nocturnal emission). Sleep is a Natural state of bodily rest observed throughout the animal kingdom A nocturnal emission is an Ejaculation of Semen experienced by a male during Sleep. Anejaculation is the condition of being unable to ejaculate.

Ejaculation has two phases: emission and ejaculation proper. The emission phase of the ejaculatory reflex is under control of the sympathetic nervous system, while the ejaculatory phase is under control of a spinal reflex at the level of the spinal nerves S2–4 via the pudendal nerve. The Sympathetic Nervous System ( SNS) is a branch of the Autonomic nervous system along with the Enteric nervous system and Parasympathetic nervous Tendon reflex (or T-reflex) is a feedback mechanism that controls increasing muscle tension by causing muscle relaxation before tension force becomes so great it may damage the The term spinal nerve generally refers to the mixed spinal Nerve, which is formed from the dorsal and ventral roots that come out of the Spinal cord. The pudendal nerve is a Nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes as well as sphincters for the bladder and the Rectum A refractory period succeeds the ejaculation, and sexual stimulation precedes it.

Normal variations

• Pearly penile papules are raised bumps of somewhat paler color around the base of the glans and are normal. Hirsuties papillaris genitalis (more commonly referred to as ' pearly penile papules', or PPP) is a clinical Skin condition of the male genital
• Fordyce's spots are small, raised, yellowish-white spots 1–2 mm in diameter that may appear on the penis. Fordyces spot closeupjpg|thumb|Close-up of Fordyce's spots on a penis
• Sebaceous prominences are raised bumps similar to Fordyce's spots on the shaft of the penis, located at the sebaceous glands and are normal. The sebaceous glands are Glands found in the Skin of Mammals Locations and morphology A branched type of Acinar gland, these
• Phimosis is an inability to retract the foreskin fully, is harmless in infancy and pre-pubescence, occurring in about 8% of boys at age 10. Phimosis is a condition where the male foreskin cannot be fully retracted from the head of the Penis. According to the British Medical Association, treatment (steroid cream, manual stretching) does not need to be considered until age 19.

• Curvature: few penises are completely straight, with curves commonly seen in all directions (up, down, left, right). Sometimes the curve is very prominent but it rarely inhibits sexual intercourse. Curvature as great as 30° is considered normal and medical treatment is rarely considered unless the angle exceeds 45°. Changes to the curvature of a penis may be caused by Peyronie's disease. Peyronie's disease is a Connective tissue disorder involving the growth of Fibrous plaques ref name="pmid12514077"> in the Soft tissue of

Disorders

Edema (swelling) of the foreskin or tearing of the epidermis can result from sexual activity, including masturbation. Oedema (or Edema in American English formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is the increase of Interstitial fluid in any organ &mdash swelling Masturbation refers to Sexual stimulation especially of one's own genitals ( self masturbation) and often to the point of Orgasm, which

Paraphimosis is an inability to move the foreskin forward, over the glans. Paraphimosis is a medical condition where the Foreskin becomes trapped behind the Glans penis, and cannot be pulled back to its normal flaccid position covering the It can result from fluid trapped in a foreskin which is left retracted, perhaps following a medical procedure, or accumulation of fluid in the foreskin because of friction during vigorous sexual activity. Friction is the Force resisting the relative motion of two Surfaces in contact or a surface in contact with a fluid (e

In Peyronie's disease, anomalous scar tissue grows in the soft tissue of the penis, causing curvature. Peyronie's disease is a Connective tissue disorder involving the growth of Fibrous plaques ref name="pmid12514077"> in the Soft tissue of Severe cases can benefit from surgical correction.

A thrombosis can occur during periods of frequent and prolonged sexual activity, especially fellatio. Thrombosis is the formation of a blood Clot ( Thrombus) inside a Blood vessel, obstructing the flow of Blood through the Circulatory Fellatio, also called fellation, is Oral sex performed upon the Penis. It is usually harmless and self-corrects within a few weeks.

Infection with the herpes virus can occur after sexual contact with an infected carrier; this may lead to the development of herpes sores. Herpes simplex is a Viral disease caused by Herpes simplex viruses both herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1 and herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2 cause herpes simplex

Pudendal nerve entrapment is a condition characterized by pain on sitting and loss of penile (or clitoral) sensation and orgasm. Pudendal nerve entrapment ( PNE) is a source of Chronic pain, in which the Pudendal nerve (located in the Pelvis) is entrapped or compressed Occasionally there is a total loss of sensation and orgasm. The pudendal nerve can be damaged by narrow hard bicycle seats and accidents. The pudendal nerve is a Nerve in the pelvic region that innervates the external genitalia of both sexes as well as sphincters for the bladder and the Rectum

Penile fracture can occur if the erect penis is bent excessively. A penile fracture is an extremely rare injury caused by the rupture of the tunica albuginea, which envelopes the Corpus cavernosum penis. A popping or cracking sound and pain is normally associated with this event. Emergency medical assistance should be obtained. Prompt medical attention lowers likelihood of permanent penile curvature.

In diabetes, peripheral neuropathy can cause tingling in the penile skin and possibly reduced or completely absent sensation. Diabetes mellitus (ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz or /ˌdaɪəˈbiːtəs/ /məˈlaɪtəs/ or /ˈmɛlətəs/ often referred to simply as diabetes ( Ancient Greek: grc Peripheral neuropathy is the term for damage to Nerves of the Peripheral nervous system, which may be caused either by diseases of the Nerve or from the The reduced sensations can lead to injuries for either partner and their absence can make it impossible to have sexual pleasure through stimulation of the penis. Since the problems are caused by permanent nerve damage, preventive treatment through good control of the diabetes is the primary treatment. Some limited recovery may be possible through improved diabetes control.

Erectile dysfunction or impotence is the inability to have and maintain an erection sufficiently firm for satisfactory sexual performance. Diabetes is a leading cause, as is natural aging. A variety of treatments exist, including drugs, such as sildenafil citrate (marketed as Viagra) which works by vasodilation. Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence

Priapism is a painful and potentially harmful medical condition in which the erect penis does not return to its flaccid state. Priapism (πριαπισμός is a potentially harmful and painful medical condition in which the erect Penis does not return to its flaccid state despite The causative mechanisms are poorly understood but involve complex neurological and vascular factors. Potential complications include ischaemia, thrombosis, and impotence. In serious cases the condition may result in gangrene, which may necessitate amputation. Please do not add warnings to this page about the pictures Wikipedia is not censored for taste and has a guideline preventing such warnings - WikipediaNo disclaimers in articles Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or Surgery. The condition has been associated with a variety of drugs including prostaglandin but not sildenafil (Viagra)^[4]. A prostaglandin is any member of a group of Lipid compounds that are derived enzymatically from Fatty acids and have important functions in the Animal body Sildenafil citrate, sold as Viagra, Revatio and under various other trade names is a drug used to treat Erectile dysfunction (male impotence

Lymphangiosclerosis is a hardened lymph vessel, although it can feel like a hardened, almost calcified or fibrous, vein. Lymphangiosclerosis is a hardened Lymph vessel, although it can feel like a hardened almost calcified or fibrous Vein. In Anatomy, lymph vessels are thin walled Valved structures that carry Lymph. It tends not to share the common blue tint with a vein however. It can be felt as a hardened lump or "vein" even when the penis is flaccid, and is even more prominent during an erection. It is considered a benign physical condition. It is fairly common and can follow a particularly vigorous sexual activity for men and tend to go away if given rest and more gentle care, for example by use of lubricants.

Carcinoma of the penis is rare with a reported rate of 1 person in 100,000 in developed countries. Penile cancer is a malignant growth found on the skin or in the tissues of the Penis. Circumcision is said to protect against this disease but this notion remains controversial^[5].

Developmental disorders

Hypospadias is a developmental disorder where the meatus is positioned wrongly at birth. Hypospadias is a Birth defect of the Urethra in the Male that involves an abnormally placed Urinary meatus (opening Developmental disorders are disorders that occur at some stage in a Child 's development often retarding the development Hypospadias can also occur iatrogenically by the downward pressure of an indwelling urethral catheter. The terms iatrogenesis and iatrogenic artifact refer to adverse effects or complications caused by or resulting from medical treatment or advice ^[6] It is usually corrected by surgery. The Intersex Society of North America classifies hypospadias as an intersex condition. They believe in halting all medically unnecessary surgeries, including many of those done on people with hypospadias.

A micropenis is a very small penis caused by developmental or congenital problems. Micropenis is a medical term that describes an unusually small Penis. Diphallia, or penile duplication (PD), is the condition of having two penises. Diphallia, penile duplication ( PD) diphallic terata, or diphallasparatus, is a Medical condition in which a male infant is born However, this disorder is exceedingly rare.

Alleged and observed psychological disorders

• Penis panic (koro in Malaysian/Indonesian)—delusion of shrinkage of the penis and retraction into the body. Genital retraction syndrome (GRS generally considered a Culture-specific syndrome, is a condition in which an individual is overcome with the Belief that his/her The Malay language ( ISO 639-1 code MS is an Austronesian language spoken by the Malay people and people of other ethnic groups who reside in the Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception This appears to be culturally conditioned and largely limited to Ghana, Sudan, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, and West Africa
• In April, 2008, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, West Africa's 'Police arrested 14 suspected victims (of penis snatching) and sorcerers accused of using black magic or witchcraft to steal (make disappear) or shrink men's penises to extort cash for cure, amid a wave of panic. The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. April holidays and events National Poetry Month - in United States National Sexual Assault Awareness Month - in United Kinshasa (formerly French: Léopoldville, formerly Dutch: Leopoldstad, German: Leopoldstadt) is the Capital The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers Arrests were made in an effort to avoid bloodshed seen in Ghana a decade before, when 12 penis snatchers were beaten to death by mobs. The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the ^[7]
• Penis envy—the contested Freudian belief of a woman envying men for having a penis. For the Crass album see Penis Envy (album. For the Virgin 1 documentary see. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded Envy (also called invidiousness) may be defined as an Emotion that "occurs when a person lacks another’s superior quality achievement or possession and
• Small penis syndrome—disorder when men believe that their penis is smaller than average

Altering the genitalia

Main article: Genital modification and mutilation

Circumcised adult penis with foreskin removed. For the Crass album see Penis Envy (album. For the Virgin 1 documentary see. The terms genital modification and genital mutilation can refer to permanent or temporary changes to Human Genitals. Click to enlarge.

The most prevalent form of genital alteration in some countries is circumcision: removal of part or all of the foreskin for various cultural, religious, and more rarely medical reasons. Male circumcision is the removal of some or all of the Foreskin (prepuce from the Penis. In many cases, such as in some United States hospitals, the frenulum and part of the shaft skin is also removed. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Less commonly, the penis is sometimes pierced or decorated by other body art. Body piercing is the practice of puncturing or cutting a part of the Human body, creating an opening in which jewelry may be worn Body art is Art made on with or consisting of the Human body The most common forms of body art are Tattoos and Body piercings but other Other than circumcision, genital alterations are almost universally elective and usually for the purpose of aesthetics or increased sensitivity. Piercings of the penis include the Prince Albert, the apadravya, the ampallang, the dydoe, and the frenum piercing. The Prince Albert piercing ( PA) is one of the common forms of male genital piercing. The ampallang is a form of male Genital Body piercing that penetrates horizontally through the entire glans of the Penis. A dydoe is a type of male genital Body piercing that passes through the ridge of the glans on the head of the Penis. A frenulum piercing is a type of Body piercing located on the underside of the shaft of the Penis. Foreskin restoration or stretching is a further form of body modification, as well as implants under the shaft of the penis. Foreskin restoration is the process of expanding the residual Skin on the Penis, via surgical or non-surgical methods to create the appearance of a natural Body modification (or body alteration) is the permanent or semi-permanent deliberate altering of the human body for non-medical reasons such as sexual enhancement In Body modification, an implant is a device placed under the human skin for decorative purposes Male to female transsexuals often undergo sex reassignment surgery, where the penis is surgically made into a neovagina. Transsexualism is a condition in which a person identifies with a physical Sex different from the one with which they were born Sex reassignment surgery (SRS gender reassignment surgery, or sex-change operation is a term for the Surgical procedures by which a person's physical Vaginoplasty is any surgical procedure whose purpose is to treat Vaginal structural defects affect aesthetic considerations or to partially or totally construct or Female to male transsexuals may have a phalloplasty. Phalloplasty refers to the (re-construction of a Penis or sometimes artificial modification of the penis by Surgery, often for cosmetic purposes

Other practices which alter the penis are also performed, although they are rare in Western societies without a diagnosed medical condition. Apart from a penectomy, perhaps the most radical of these is subincision, in which the urethra is split along the underside of the penis. Penectomy is the practice of surgical removal of the penis for medical reasons Subincision originated among Australian Aborigines, although it is now done by some in the U. This is an article about a class of people as identified and defined within Australian law S. and Europe.

Surgical replacement

The first successful penis allotransplant surgery was done on September 2005 in a military hospital in Guangzhou, China. Guangzhou ( Jyutping: Gwong²zau¹; Yale: Gwóngjàu) is the Capital and a Sub-provincial city ^[8] A man at 44 sustained an injury after an accident and his penis was severed; urination became difficult as his urethra was partly blocked. Urination, also known as micturition, voiding, and more rarely emiction, is the process of disposing Urine from the Urinary bladder A newly brain-dead man, at 23, was tracked down and his penis was selected for the transplant. Brain death is a legal definition of death that emerged in the 1960s as a response to the ability to resuscitate individuals and mechanically keep the heart and lungs working Despite atrophy of blood vessels and nerves, the arteries, veins, nerves and the corpora spongiosa were successfully matched. Atrophy is the partial or complete Wasting away of a part of the Body. Arteries are Blood vessels that carry blood away from the Heart. In the Circulatory system, a vein is a Blood vessel that carries Blood back toward the Heart (as opposed to Artery, a blood vessel On 19 September, the surgery was reversed because of a severe psychological problem of the recipient and his wife. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Psychology (from Greek grc ψῡχή psȳkhē, "breath life soul" and grc -λογία -logia) is an Academic and ^[9]

Size

Results from LifeStyles condom manufacturer's study of penis size, displayed in inches. The data is listed by percentile (i. A percentile is the value of a variable below which a certain percent of observations fall e. a male with a 6 in (15. 24 cm) penis is greater in length than 70 percent of those measured. )

Main article: Human penis size

While results vary across studies, the consensus is that the average erect human penis is approximately 12. Human penis size refers to the length and width of human male Genitalia. The erection of the Penis, Clitoris or a Nipple is its enlarged and firm state 9–15 cm (5. 1–5. 9 in) in length with a 95% confidence interval of (10. In Statistics, a confidence interval (CI is an interval estimate of a Population parameter. 7 cm, 19. 1 cm) (or, equivalently,(4. 23 in, 7. 53 in))^[10][11][12]. The typical girth or circumference is approximately 12. The circumference is the distance around a closed Curve. Circumference is a kind of Perimeter. 3 cm (4. 85 in) when fully erect. The average penis size is slightly larger than the median size (or, put another way, most penises are below average in size). In Mathematics and Statistics, the arithmetic Mean (or simply the mean) of a list of numbers is the sum of all the members of the list divided In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution

A research project, summarizing dozens of published studies conducted by physicians of different nationalities, shows that worldwide, erect-penis size averages vary between 9. 6 cm (3. 7 in) and 16 cm (6. 2 in). It has been suggested that this difference is caused not only by genetics, but also by environmental factors such as culture, diet, chemical/pollution exposure ^[13][14][15], etc. Genetics (from Ancient Greek grc-Latn genetikos, “genitive” and that from grc-Latn genesis, “origin” a discipline of Biology, is Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic This article is primarily about the human diet For a discussion of animal diets see List of feeding behaviours. Alarmingly, endocrine disruption resulting from chemical exposure has been linked to genital deformation in both sexes (among many other problems). Endocrine disruptors (sometimes also referred to as hormonally active agents) are Exogenous substances that act like Hormones in the Endocrine system

The longest officially documented human penis was a find by Doctor Robert L. Dickinson. It was 34. 3 cm (13. 5 inches) long and 15. 9 cm (6. 25 inches) around. An even larger (but unofficial) measurement was obtained in 1969 by Dr. David Reuben, 35. 6 cm (14 inches) long. ^[16]

Species morphology

As a general rule, an animal's penis is proportional to its body size, but this varies greatly between species — even between closely related species. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. For example, an adult gorilla's erect penis is about 4 cm (1. Gorillas, the largest of the living Primates are ground-dwelling Herbivores that inhabit the Forests of Africa. 5 in) in length; an adult chimpanzee, significantly smaller (in body size) than a gorilla, has a penis size about double that of the gorilla. Chimpanzee (often shortened to chimp) is the common name for the two extant Species of Apes in the Genus Pan. In comparison, the human penis is larger than that of any other primate, both in proportion to body size and in absolute terms. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus A primate is a member of the biological order Primates ( Latin: "prime first rank" the group that contains Lemurs the Aye-aye For this reason Sexual selection has almost certainly played a role in homo sapiens and its predecessors. Sexual selection is the Theory proposed by Charles Darwin that states that certain evolutionary traits can be explained by Intraspecific competition Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus

Except for extreme cases at either end of the size spectrum, penis size does not correspond strongly with reproductive ability in almost any species.

As with any other bodily attribute, the length and girth of the penis can be highly variable between individuals of the same species. In many animals, especially mammals, the size of a flaccid penis is much smaller than its erect size. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands In humans and some other species, flaccid vs. erect penis size varies greatly between individuals, such that penis size when flaccid is not a reliable indicator of size when erect.

Most marsupials, except for the two largest species of kangaroos, have a bifurcated penis. Marsupials are an Infraclass of Mammals characterized by a distinctive pouch (called the marsupium) in which females carry their young through A kangaroo is a Marsupial from the family Macropodidae (macropods meaning 'large foot' That is, it separates into two columns, and so the penis has two ends. Urban legend alleges that the dolphin has prehensile control over his penis (it is true, however, that whales and dolphins can move and to a certain degree bend their penis tips to facilitate mating). An urban legend or urban myth is a form of modern Folklore consisting of stories thought to be factual by those circulating them Dolphins are Marine mammals that are closely related to Whales and Porpoises There are almost forty species of dolphin in seventeen genera. Prehensility or Prehensile is the quality of an Appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding

In the realm of absolute size, the smallest vertebrate penis belongs to the common shrew (5 mm or 0. See also Cinereus Shrew for the mammal known as the Common Shrew in parts of North America 2 inches). The largest penis belongs to the blue whale estimated at over 2 m (more than 6½ feet). The Blue Whale ( Balaenoptera musculus) is a Marine mammal belonging to the suborder of Baleen whales (called Mysticeti Accurate measurements are difficult to take because the whale's erect length can only be observed during mating. Gorillas have relatively small penises, so it is an often used subtle insult in some countries to insinuate or directly state that one is "hung like a gorilla. Gorillas, the largest of the living Primates are ground-dwelling Herbivores that inhabit the Forests of Africa. "

The Icelandic Phallological Museum is devoted entirely to collecting penis specimens from all sorts of land and sea mammals. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( 2589572168 79451602b4jpg|thumb|right|Two Whale penises mounted on the museum's wall]]The Icelandic Phallological Museum ( Icelandic: Hið Íslenzka Reðasafn The museum has received a legally-certified gift token for a future specimen belonging to Homo sapiens.

Echidnas have a four-headed penis, but only two of the heads are used during mating. Echidnas (ɨˈkɪdnə also known as spiny anteaters, are four extant Mammal species belonging to the Tachyglossidae family of the The other two heads "shut down" and do not grow in size. The heads used are swapped each time the mammal has sex. ^[17]

Among birds, paleognathes (tinamous and ratites), Anatidae (ducks, geese and swans), and a very few other species (including ostriches and flamingoes) possess a penis. The Paleognathae or paleognaths ("old jaws" are one of the two living Superorders of Birds The other living superorder is Neognathae The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of Bird, members of a South American Bird family of about 47 species in 9 genera A ratite is any of a diverse group of large Flightless birds of Gondwanan origin most of them now extinct The Ostrich ( Struthio camelus) is a large Flightless bird native to Africa (and formerly the Middle East) Flamingos or flamingoes ( are gregarious Wading birds in the Genus Phoenicopterus and family It is different in structure from mammal penises, being an erectile expansion of the cloacal wall and being erected by lymph, not blood. In zoological anatomy a cloaca is the posterior opening that serves as the only such opening for the intestinal and urinary tracts of certain animal species The lymphatic system in Vertebrates is a network of conduits that carry a clear fluid called Lymph. It is usually partially feathered and in some species features spines and brush-like filaments, and in flaccid state curled up inside the cloaca. The Argentine Blue-bill has the largest penis in relation to body size of all vertebrates; while usually about half the body size (20 cm), a specimen with a remarkable 42. The Argentine Blue-bill or Argentine Lake Duck or Argentine Ruddy duck ( Oxyura vittata) is a small South American Stiff-tailed duck. 5 cm-long penis is documented.

Male specimens of the Squamata order of reptiles have two paired organs called hemipenes. Squamata (scaled reptiles is the largest recent order of Reptiles including Lizards and Snakes Members of the order are distinguished by A hemipenis (plural hemipenes) is one of a pair of Intromittent organs of male squamates ( Snakes Lizards and worm lizards. In fish, the gonopodium, andropodium, and claspers are various organs developed from modified fins. The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved The Anatomy of Fish is primarily governed by the physical characteristics of Water, which is much denser than air holds a relatively small amount of dissolved In Biology, a clasper or valva (plural valvae) is a body part of certain male animals used in mating In male insects, the structure analogous to a penis is known as aedeagus. Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described An aedeagus (plural aedeagi) is a reproductive organ of male Insects through which they secrete Sperm from the Testes during Copulation The male copulatory organ of various lower invertebrate animals is often called the cirrus.

The record for the largest penis to body size ratio is held by the barnacle. A barnacle is a type of Arthropod belonging to infraclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence distantly related to The barnacle's penis can grow to up to forty times its own body length. This enables them to reach the nearest female. [1]

See also baculum. The baculum (also penis bone, penile bone or os penis) is a Bone found in the Penis of most Mammals It is absent

Cultural aspects

Rollerblading penis at a 2007 parade in Seattle, Washington, United States

Uses of animal penises

• Culinary, e. Roller skating is the Traveling on smooth terrain with roller skates g. , in Chinese gastronomy
• Magical and therapeutic, in medicine and/or superstition, especially as an alleged aphrodisiac or even cure for impotence
• Also used for punitive implements and dog toys, such as the bull pizzle

Uses of human penises in cultural traditions

• Aesthetical, e. Pizzle is an old English word for Penis, derived from Low German pesel or Flemish Dutch pezel, diminutive of pees 'sinew' g. , Body modification
• For the symbolic and artistic use, see under phallus; in heraldry, the term is pizzle
• In humor, considered indecent or completely taboo in various cultures

References

See also

• Baculum
• Koteka
• Penis enlargement
• Penis envy
• Penis removal
• Phallus
• Preputioplasty
• Pseudo-penis
• Testicles
• Vagina
• WikiSaurus:penis WikiSaurus' Penis Page — the WikiSaurus list of synonyms and slang words for penis in many languages

External links

• Kinsey Institute on the penis