- "Peninsular" redirects here. For the geographical formation, see peninsula. A peninsula is a piece of land that is nearly surrounded by Water but connected to Mainland via an Isthmus.
| Peninsulares Peninsulares in Hispanic America |
|---|
   |
| Notable Peninsulares: Juan Ponce de León · Hernán Cortés · Pedro de Valdivia |
| Total population |
|
Peninsulares-Spanish Born Hispanics in the Spanish Empire |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Throughout Hispanic America |
| Languages |
| Spanish |
| Religions |
| Predominantly Roman Catholic · Protestant · Christian Latinos |
| Related ethnic groups |
| Spaniards · Italian · Portuguese · French |
In the colonial caste system of Spanish America, a peninsular was a Spanish-born Spaniard residing in the New World, as opposed to a person of full Spanish descent born in the Americas (known as criollos). Juan Ponce de León ( IPA: /xwan'ponʒedele'on/ (1460 – July 1521 was a Spanish Conquistador. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro 1st Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca ( 1485&ndash December 2, Pedro de Valdivia (c 1500 - January 1, 1554) was a Conquistador and first royal governor of Chile. Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Latinos and Hispanics are predominantly Christian in the United States The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Castes are Hereditary systems of occupation, Endogamy, social culture, Social class, and Political power. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. Criollo is a term that dates back to the Spanish colonial Casta system ( Caste system) of Latin America
Peninsulares held high official power or positions in the Americas. Apart from the distinction of peninsulares from criollos, the castas system distinguished also mestizos (of mixed Spanish and Amerindian ancestry), mulattos (of mixed Spanish and black ancestry), Amerindians, zambos (mixed Amerindian and black ancestry) and finally Blacks. Criollo is a term that dates back to the Spanish colonial Casta system ( Caste system) of Latin America Casta is a 17th century term used in Spanish America, which refers to the institutionalized system of social stratification based on a person's racial heritage Mestizo is a Spanish term that was coined during the Spanish Empire to refer to people of mixed European and Amerindian ancestry in Latin Mulatto is a term used to describe a person with one white parent and one black parent or a person whose Ancestry is a mixture of black and white For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Zambo is a Spanish term (the Portuguese language term is Cafuso) that was used in the Spanish Empire and continues to be used today The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse In some places and epochs, they were called depreciatively godos ("Goths"), or in Mexico, gachupines. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America.
Only peninsulares could hold the position of Viceroy, by law. The criollos held high positions in government and in the church, and owned almost all of the land. Mestizos could enter the priesthood, but were usually small farmers, craftsmen and artisans. Land ownership restrictions loosened up later in the Empire.
Colonial officials at the highest levels arrived from Spain or Portugal to fulfill their duty to govern Iberian colonies in Latin America. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Iberians were a set of peoples that Greek and Roman sources (among others Hecataeus of Miletus, Avienus, Herodot and Strabo Often, the Peninsulares had large quantities of land. They defended the Cádiz monopoly on trade, upsetting the criollos, prone to smuggle with British and French colonies. Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight They worked to preserve Spanish or Portuguese power and acted as agents of patrol, in certain cases.
In colonial social hierarchy, the peninsulares were nominally at the top, followed by criollos, who developed a fully-entrenched powerful local aristocracy during the seventeenth and eighteenth century. In the French Revolution, the peninsulares were generally conservative.
In the twentieth century, peninsular was a euphemism for white in Spanish Guinea. Spanish Guinea was an African Colony of Spain that became the independent nation of Equatorial Guinea. It is also used in the Canary Islands for a non-Canarian Spaniard. The Canary Islands ( English pronunciation kəˈnæriː ˈaɪləndz Spanish: Islas Canarias, ˈizlas kaˈnarjas are a Spanish
The descendants of peninsulares and criollos in the Philippines, later extended to anyone in the Anglophone upper-class, came to collectively be known as konyos after their frequent use of the Spanish swearword coño. Their variant of English with Tagalog words is characteristic. Englog, sometimes Enggalog, is an informal Sociolect in the Philippines.
Other use
Peninsulares was also a Spanish brand of cigarettes. A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured
See also
- Californio
- White Latin American
- Isleños. Californio's (Spanish for "Californian" is a term used to identify a Californian of Hispanic and/or Latin-American descent first as a part of New Spain, later White Latin Americans are the white population of Latin America. Isleño (plural isleños) (Îlois is the Spanish word meaning " Islander. Some regions distinguished between Peninsular Spanish immigrants and those from the Canary Islands, the isleños.
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