Pendle Hill
Elevation	557 m (1,827 ft)
Location	Lancashire, England
Prominence	c. In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 395 metres (1,296 ft)
Parent peak	Kinder Scout
Coordinates	53°52′08″N 2°18′00″W / 53.869, -2.300Coordinates: 53°52′08″N 2°18′00″W / 53.869, -2.300
Topo map	OS Landranger 103
OS grid reference	SD804414
Listing	Marilyn

Pendle from the northwest. Kinder Scout is a Moorland Plateau (and Mountain) in the Dark Peak of the Derbyshire Peak District in the United A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A topographic map is a type of Map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief, usually using Contour lines in modern Ordnance Survey (OS is an Executive agency of the United Kingdom government The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude There are many notable lists of mountains around the world Typically a list of mountains becomes notable by first being listed or defined by an author or group (e A Marilyn is a type of Mountain or Hill in Great Britain, Ireland or surrounding islands with a relative height of at least 150 metres Longridge Fell is to the right

Pendle Hill is located in the north-east of Lancashire, England, near the towns of Burnley, Colne, Nelson and Clitheroe. Longridge Fell is a Fell near the English Town of Longridge, Lancashire. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Burnley is a large Market town in the borough of Burnley in Lancashire, England, with a population of around 73500 Colne is the second largest town in the borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England, with a population of around 20000 Nelson is a town in the borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England with a population of 28998 in 2001 Clitheroe is a town and Civil parish in the borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England. Its summit is 557 metres (1,827 ft) above mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit It gives its name to the Borough of Pendle. Pendle is a local government district and Borough of Lancashire, England, on the North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire borders It is an isolated hill, separated from the Pennines to the east and the Forest of Bowland to the northwest. The Pennines are a low-rising Mountain range in Northern England and southern Scotland. The Forest of Bowland, also known as the Bowland Fells, is an area of barren Gritstone Fells deep valleys and Peat Moorland, It lies to the southwest of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The Yorkshire Dales (also known as The Dales) is the name given to an upland area in Northern England. It is a detached part of the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB). The Forest of Bowland, also known as the Bowland Fells, is an area of barren Gritstone Fells deep valleys and Peat Moorland, An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB is an area of countryside with significant landscape value in England, Wales or Northern Ireland

History

The phrase Pendle Hill is unusual in that it combines the word for hill from three different languages. In the thirteenth century the hill was mentioned as Pennul or Penhul; apparently from Cumbric pen and Old English hyll, both meaning "hill". Cumbric was the Brythonic Celtic language, often considered to be a Dialect of Welsh, spoken in Northern England and southern The modern English hill was appended later, after the original meaning of Pendle had become opaque. Modern English is the form of the English language spoken since the Great Vowel Shift, completed in roughly 1550

Geologically the hill consists of an ancient plateau of millstone grit over softer shales on an underlying limestone bed. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit In Geology and Earth science, a plateau, also called a high plateau or tableland, is an area of highland, usually consisting Gritstone — otherwise called Millstone grit — is a Sedimentary rock composed of coarse sand grains with inclusions of small stones Shale (also called mudstone) is a fine-grained Sedimentary rock whose original constituents were Clay minerals or Muds It is characterized by Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 The historic decomposition of sphagnum moss on the hill has led to it being covered in peat. Sphagnum is a Genus of between 151-350 species of Mosses commonly called peat moss, due to its prevalence in Peat bogs Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter.

Pendle Hill is famous for its links to three events which took place in the 17th century: the Pendle witch trials, Townley's barometer experiment in 1667, and the claimed visitation to George Fox, which led to the foundation of the Quaker movement. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The Pendle witch trials of 1612 are among the most famous witch trials in English history and some of the best recorded of the 17th century George Fox (July 1624 – 13 January 1691 was an English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers A Bronze Age burial site has been also discovered at the summit of the hill. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for In topography a summit is a point on a surface which is higher in Elevation than all points immediately adjacent to

The most popular route for climbing the hill begins in the village of Barley, which lies to the east. Barley is a village in Lancashire England. It is situated close to Pendle Hill, and is the most popular starting point for walkers of this hill This route also provides the steepest ascent. Other nearby villages include Downham, Newchurch-in-Pendle and Sabden. Newchurch in Pendle is a village in Lancashire adjacent to Barley, at the foot of Pendle Hill. Sabden is a village in the Ribble valley, Lancashire. It was home to Alice Nutter, one of the Pendle witches.

The area is now popular with ghost hunters after Living channel's top show Most Haunted visited the hill for a live investigation on Halloween 2004. Most Haunted is a British Paranormal television programme based on investigating purported Paranormal activity although ^[1] The show's presenter, Yvette Fielding, said at the time that it was the scariest episode they had made to date. Yvette Fielding (born 23 September 1968) is an English broadcaster and Actress.

A local saying suggests that the area around Pendle Hill experiences frequent rainfall: "If you can't see Pendle then it's raining, and if you can then it's going to rain. "

Pendle Witches

The story of the Pendle witch trials is the best known example of alleged witchcraft in English history. The Pendle witch trials of 1612 are among the most famous witch trials in English history and some of the best recorded of the 17th century Witchcraft, in various historical anthropological religious and mythological contexts is the use of certain kinds of Supernatural or magical powers History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The hill continues to be associated with witchcraft and, every Hallowe'en, large numbers of visitors climb it. Halloween, or Hallowe’en, is a Holiday celebrated on the night of October 31.

Quakers

In 1652, George Fox claimed to have had a vision while on top of Pendle, during the early years of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers). George Fox (July 1624 – 13 January 1691 was an English Dissenter and a founder of the Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as the Quakers Today, the name Pendle remains strongly linked with the Quakers, giving its name to their centre for religious and spiritual study and contemplation in the USA. Pendle Hill is a Quaker study and retreat center located on a 23 acre campus in suburban Wallingford Pennsylvania, near Philadelphia. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

See also

• Firbank Fell
• Forest of Bowland

Notes

External links

• Ribble Valley Borough Council Tourist Information on Pendle Hill
• visitLancashire.com - Official Lancashire Tourism information, Walks and Cycle Routes around Pendle Hill
• Walking Pages: Pendle
• A circuit of Pendle Hill from Downham
• A circuit of Pendle Hill from Barley
• Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
• Computer generated summit panorama Pendle Hill index
• George Fox - An Autobiography
• Pendle Hill - Walking Guide