- For penalties in other sports, see Penalty
A penalty kick is a type of free kick in association football, taken from twelve yards (approximately eleven metres) out from goal and with only the goalkeeper of the defending team between the penalty taker and the goal. Birgit Prinz (born October 25, 1977) is a German international football player and the Women's World Cup all-time leading Desirée Schumann (born 6 February 1990 in Berlin) is a German Football goalkeeper. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered
A penalty kick is performed during normal play. Similar kicks are made in a penalty shootout to determine who progresses after a tied match; though similar in procedure these are not penalty kicks and are governed by different rules. Penalty shootouts, properly named kicks from the penalty mark, are a method sometimes used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament
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Award
A penalty kick may be awarded when a defending player commits a foul punishable by a direct free kick (a so-called penal foul) against an opponent or a handball, within their own penalty area (commonly known as "the box" or "18 yard box"). A direct free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of Association football following a foul The penalty area (colloquiallly also known as the 18-yard box, penalty box or simply the box) is an area of an Association football pitch Note that it is the location of the offense — and not the position of the ball — that defines whether a foul is punishable by a penalty kick or direct free kick, provided the ball is in play.
The referee signals the award of a penalty kick by blowing the whistle and pointing to the penalty mark. A referee presides over a game of Association football. The referee has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which
Procedure
The penalty kick is taken from the penalty mark, which is a midline spot 12 yards (11 m) from the goal. The penalty kick taker (who does not have to be the player who was fouled) must be clearly identified to the referee. A referee presides over a game of Association football. The referee has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match to which He must also stay in the penalty arc until the referee blows his whistle.
All players other than the defending goalkeeper and the penalty taker must be outside the penalty area, behind the penalty mark, behind the ball, and at least ten yards (9 m) from the ball (i. e. outside the penalty arc) until the ball is kicked. The goalkeeper must remain between the goalposts on the goal-line facing the ball until the ball is kicked, but may move from side to side along the goal-line. If the goalkeeper moves forward, then the penalty must be kicked again.
After the referee blows his whistle, which is the signal for the kick to be taken, the kicker must kick the ball in a forward direction (not necessarily at the goal, however this is almost always the case). A simple whistle is a Woodwind instrument which produces Sound from a stream of forced air The ball is in play once it has been kicked and moved, and from this point other players may enter the penalty area and play continues as normal, however most often either a goal has already been scored or the keeper has obtained possession of the ball.
The penalty kick is a form of direct free kick, meaning that a goal may be scored directly from it. If a goal is not scored, play continues as usual. As with all free kicks, the kicker may not play the ball a second time until it has been touched by another player even if the ball rebounds from the posts. However, a penalty kick is unusual in that, unlike general play, external interference directly after the kick has been taken may result in the kick being retaken, rather than the usual dropped-ball. A dropped-ball (or drop-ball) is a method of restarting play in a game of association football (soccer.
An own goal may not be scored by the kicking team, although this would be almost impossible since the ball has to be kicked in a forward direction to be a valid penalty kick. An own goal occurs in Association football and other goal-scoring games when a player scores a goal that is registered against his or her own team If the ball were to wind up in the kicking team's goal (for example, if the kick were to ricochet off the defending team's goalpost, travel the length of the pitch, and go into the opposite goal), a corner kick would be awarded to the defending team. A corner kick is a method of restarting play in a game of Association football. An own goal can result off a penalty if the defending goalkeeper (or another member of the defending side) were to deflect a stopped or errant shot into the defending team's goal.
Goalkeepers
Goalkeepers are usually not expected to save these kicks, but goalkeepers such as David Seaman, Carlo Cudicini, Peter Schmeichel, Pepe Reina, Oliver Kahn, Ricardo, Francesco Toldo, Brad Friedel, Jens Lehmann, Neil Alexander, Edwin van der Sar, Mark Schwarzer and Artur Boruc are noted for their penalty-saving capabilities. David Andrew Seaman MBE (born 19 September 1963 in Rotherham, South Yorkshire) is a former English football Carlo Cudicini (born September 6 1973 in Milan) is an Italian Goalkeeper. Peter Bolesław Schmeichel MBE (born 18 November 1963 in Gladsaxe, Denmark) is a retired Danish professional footballer José Manuel Reina Páez (born 31 August 1982 in Madrid) commonly known as Pepe Reina (his preferred nickname or José Reina, is Oliver Rolf Kahn (born 15 June 1969 in Karlsruhe) is a former German football goalkeeper Ricardo Alexandre Martins Soares Pereira', simply Ricardo ( pron Francesco Toldo (born December 2, 1971 in Padua) is an Italian football Goalkeeper, who currently plays for Inter Bradley Howard "Brad" Friedel (born May 18, 1971 in Lakewood, Ohio) is an American international Association football Jens Lehmann (German jɛns ˈleːman born November 10, 1969 in Essen) is a German football goalkeeper who currently James Neil Alexander (born 10 March 1978 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Scottish professional football Goalkeeper Edwin van der Sar (born 29 October 1970 in Voorhout) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper Mark Schwarzer (born October 6, 1972 in North Richmond New South Wales) is an Australian football player Artur Boruc ( pron ˈartur ˈbɔruts born February 20, 1980 in Siedlce) is a Polish football player They are not allowed to leave their line during the kick. Dances or distracting the penalty taker are sometimes used such as in the cases of Bruce Grobbelaar vs AS Roma and Jerzy Dudek vs AC Milan for Liverpool FC in the 1984 European Cup Final and 2005 Champions League Final, respectively. Bruce David Grobbelaar (born October 6, 1957 in Durban, South Africa) is a former Rhodesian British football Associazione Sportiva Roma, ( commonly referred to as simply Roma, is an Italian professional football club from Rome, and are currently amongst Jerzy Dudek (ˈjɛʒɨ ˈdudɛk born March 23, 1973 in Rybnik, Poland) is a Polish football player who plays for Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to by the abbreviation Milan, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy Liverpool Football Club are an English professional Association football club based in Liverpool England. Match details See also European Cup 1983-84 Route to the final UEFA Champions League 2004-05 AC Milan AC Milan were drawn straight into the group stage of the competition
Infringements
Infringements of the penalty kick law by either team are dealt with using an advantage concept.
Generally:
- For infringements by the defending team, before the kick is taken, should a goal be scored it stands, otherwise the kick is retaken.
- For infringements by the kicking team, should a goal be scored the kick is retaken, otherwise an indirect free kick is awarded against his side where the infringement occurred. An indirect free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football.
- For infringements by both teams, the kick is retaken.
- If the kicker plays the ball twice (including following up a rebound off the goalpost not touched by the goalkeeper), an indirect free kick is awarded against his side, from where the offence occurred as is usual for free kicks (Subject to Law 8)
The referee may also caution (yellow card) players for infringements of the penalty kick law, e. An indirect free kick is a method of restarting play in a game of association football. g. repeated encroaching into the penalty area. Note that in practice, most minor penalty kick infringements are not penalised.
Note that all offences before kick are dealt with in this manner. For example if a defender impedes the progress of an opponent (either towards or away from the penalty area) before the kick is taken (even if the offence is not in the penalty area) then should the kicker not score, the kick will be retaken. Other offences by either the defending or attacking team before the kick regardless of their nature are dealt with subject to the four main requirements above.
Strategy to save a penalty
Defending against a penalty kick is one of the most difficult tasks a goalkeeper can face. Due to the short distance between the penalty spot and the goal, there is very little time to react to the shot to try to make the save. Because of this, the goalkeeper will usually start their dive before the ball is actually struck. In effect, the goalkeeper must act on their best prediction about where the shot will be aimed.
As the shooter makes their approach to the ball, the keeper has only a few seconds to "read" the shooter's motions and decide where the ball will go. A goalkeeper may also rely on knowledge of the shooter's past behavior to inform their decision. An example of this would be by German national team goalkeeper Jens Lehmann in a match against Argentina in the 2006 World Cup, where he saved 2 penalties and came close to saving a third. Jens Lehmann (German jɛns ˈleːman born November 10, 1969 in Essen) is a German football goalkeeper who currently The match came down to penalties and Lehmann was seen looking at a piece of paper kept in his sock before each Argentinian player would come forward for a penalty kick. It is presumed that information on each kickers "habits" were written on this paper. This approach may not always be successful. Most times, especially in amateur football, the goalkeeper is often forced to guess.
Even if the keeper does manage to block the shot, the ball may rebound back to the shooter or one of their teammates for another shot, with the keeper often in poor position to make a second save. This makes saving penalty kicks astonishingly difficult, because if the keeper has managed to block the penalty, it will very often rebound to an area near to the penalty taker, who will have an easier shot than the penalty itself (because they are most likely closer to the goal, and the goalkeeper is most likely in a position where he will not be able to make another save) This is not a concern in penalty shoot-outs, where just a single shot is permitted. Penalty shootouts, properly named kicks from the penalty mark, are a method sometimes used to decide which team progresses to the next stage of a tournament (or wins the tournament
These factors would give one the impression that penalty kicks are scored almost 100% of the time. However, missed penalty kicks are not uncommon despite the simple circumstances. For instance, of 78 penalty kicks taken during FA Premier League 2005-06 season, 57 resulted in a goal, meaning almost 30% of the penalties were unsuccessful. [1]
A German professor who has been studying penalty statistics in the German Bundesliga for 16 years found that 76% of all the penalties during those 16 years went in, and 99% of the shots in the higher half of the goal went in, although the higher half of the goal is generally a more risky target to aim at. The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germany 's football league system. During his career Roberto Baggio had two occurrences where his shot hit the upper bar, bounced downwards, rebound off the keeper and past the goal line for a goal. Roberto Baggio (born 18 February 1967 in Caldogno, Veneto) is a retired Italian footballer among the most technically gifted
History
The invention of the penalty kick is credited to the goalkeeper and businessman William McCrum in 1890 in Milford, County Armagh, Northern Ireland[1]. William McCrum was a wealthy Irish Linen manufacturer and sportsman most famous for being the inventor in 1890 of the Penalty kick in football Milford is a small Village in County Armagh, Northern Ireland, one mile from Armagh city Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Irish Football Association presented the idea to the International Football Association Board and finally after much debate, the board approved the idea on 2 June 1891. The Irish Football Association ( IFA) is the organising body for football in Northern Ireland, and had historically been the governing body for the whole The International Football Association Board ( IFAB) is the body that determines the Laws of the Game of association football. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It was introduced in the 1891-92 season. The first ever penalty kick was awarded to Wolverhampton Wanderers in their game against Accrington at Molineux Stadium on 14 September 1891. Accrington Football Club is a former English football club from Accrington, Lancashire, who were one of the founder members of The Football Molineux Stadium is a football stadium situated in Wolverhampton, England. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The penalty was taken and scored by John Heath[2] as Wolves went on to win the game 5-0.
Notes
- ^ Daily Telegraph Monday 9th April 2007 p5 (see article on Telegraph online)
- ^ BBC SPORT | Funny Old Game | Happened on this day - 14 September
External links
Dictionary
penalty kick
-noun
- (soccer) A form of free kick, taken from the penalty spot, with only the goalkeeper defending the goal.
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