Peccaries Fossil range: Late Eocene to Recent
Collared Peccary, Tayassu tajacu
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Artiodactyla Family: Tayassuidae Palmer, 1897
Species
Tayassu Tayassu pecari Catagonus Catagonus wagneri Pecari Pecari tajacu Pecari maximus

Peccaries (also known as javelinas and by the Portuguese and Spanish name javali or Spanish pecarí) are medium-sized mammals of the family Tayassuidae. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in Collared Peccary, Pecari tajacu, is a Peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in many habitats Chordates ( Phylum Chordata) are a group of Animals that includes the Vertebrates together with several closely related Invertebrates Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands The even-toed ungulates form the Mammal order Artiodactyla. They are Ungulates whose weight is borne (if they have more than two toes about Theodore Sherman Palmer ( January 26, 1868 - July 24, 1955) was an American Zoologist. The White-lipped Peccary, Tayassu pecari, Tayassu albirostris, is a Peccary Species found in Central and South America The White-lipped Peccary, Tayassu pecari, Tayassu albirostris, is a Peccary Species found in Central and South America The Chacoan Peccary ( Catagonus wagneri) is the closest living relative to the Extinct Genus Platygonus. The Chacoan Peccary ( Catagonus wagneri) is the closest living relative to the Extinct Genus Platygonus. Pecari is a Genus of Peccaries. Until the description of Pecari maximus in 2007 the genus was Monotypic. Collared Peccary, Pecari tajacu, is a Peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in many habitats The Giant Peccary ( Pecari maximus) is a fourth species of Peccary, discovered in Brazil in 2000 by the Dutch naturalist Marc van Roosmalen Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Mammals ( class Mammalia) are a class of Vertebrate Animals characterized by the presence of Sweat glands, including sweat glands In Biological classification, family ( Latin Peccaries are members of the Artiodactyl suborder Suina as are swine Suidae and hippopotami Hippopotamidae. The even-toed ungulates form the Mammal order Artiodactyla. They are Ungulates whose weight is borne (if they have more than two toes about This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used The suborder Suina (also known as Suiformes) contains perhaps the earliest and most archaic even-toed ungulates. Suidae is the biological family to which Pigs and their relatives belong Hippopotamuses (colloquially also "Hippopotami" are the members of the family Hippopotamidae. They are found in the southwestern area of North America and throughout Central and South America. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Peccaries usually measure between 90 and 130 cm in length (3 to 4 feet), and a full-grown adult usually weighs between about 20 and 40 kilograms (44 to 88 pounds).

People often confuse peccaries, which are found in the Americas, with pigs which originated in Afro-Eurasia, especially since some domestic pigs brought by European settlers have escaped over the years and now run wild in many parts of the United States. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Afro-Eurasia or less commonly Afrasia or Eurafrasia Normally it is divided at the Suez Canal into Eurasia and Africa the former of which can be subdivided The United States of America —commonly referred to as the These feral pigs are popularly known as razorback hogs. Razorbacks, also referred to as an Old World swine, Eurasian wild Boar, or Russian wild boar, are Feral Pigs that were brought

Contents 1 Characteristics 2 Species 3 Evolution 4 Peccaries in Popular Culture 5 Gallery 6 References 7 External links

Characteristics

Peccaries are medium-sized animals, with a strong superficial resemblance to pigs. Suidae is the biological family to which Pigs and their relatives belong Like pigs, they have a snout ending in a cartilagenous disc, and eyes that are small relative to their head. Cartilage is a type of dense Connective tissue. It is composed of specialized cells called chondrocytes that produce a large amount of extracellular matrix Also like pigs, they use only the middle two digits for walking, although, unlike pigs, the other toes may be altogether absent. Their stomach is non-ruminating, although it has three chambers, and is more complex than that of pigs. Physiologically a ruminant is a Mammal of the order Artiodactyla that digests plant-based food by initially softening it within the animal's first stomach known ^[1]

Peccaries are omnivorous, and will eat small animals, although their preferred food consists of roots, grass, seeds, and fruit. One of the ways to tell apart pigs and peccaries is the shape of the canine tooth, or tusk. In European pigs the tusk is long and curves around on itself, whereas in peccaries, the tusk is short and straight. The jaws and tusks of peccaries are adapted for crushing hard seeds and slicing into plant roots^[1], and they also use their tusks for defense. The dental formula for peccaries is:

2. Dentition is the development of Teeth and their arrangement in the Mouth. 1. 3. 3

3. 1. 3. 3

By rubbing the tusks together they can make a chattering noise that warns potential predators to not get too close. Peccaries, indeed, are aggressive enough in temperament that, unlike Eurasia's pigs, they cannot be domesticated as they are likely to injure humans. Domestication (from Latin domesticus) refers to the process whereby a Population of Animals Indeed in recent years in North-western Bolivia near Madidi National Park there have been reports of people being seriously injured and killed by large groups of peccaries. Madidi is a national park in the upper Amazon river basin in Bolivia. ^[2]

Peccaries are social animals, and often form herds. Over 100 individuals have been recorded for a single herd of white-lipped peccaries, but collared and Chacoan peccaries usually form smaller groups. Such social behavior seems to have been the situation in extinct peccaries as well.

Peccaries, with the exception of Pecari maximus, have scent glands below each eye and another on their back. They use the scent to mark herd territories, which range from 75 to 700 acres. They also mark other herd members with these scent glands by rubbing one against another. The pungent odor allows peccaries to recognize other members of the herd, despite their poor eyesight.

Species

Today there are four living species of peccary, found from the southwestern United States through Central America and into South America and Trinidad. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Trinidad ( Spanish: " Trinity " is the largest and most populous of the two major islands and

The Collared Peccary (Pecari tajacu) occurs from the southwestern United States into South America and the island of Trinidad. Collared Peccary, Pecari tajacu, is a Peccary species found in North, Central and South America, living in many habitats They are found in all kinds of habitats, from dry arid scrublands to humid tropical rainforests. They are sometimes called the "musk hog" because of their strong odor. In some areas of the southwestern United States they have become habituated to human beings and live in relative harmony with them in such areas as the suburbs of cities where there are still areas of brush and undergrowth to move through. They are generally found in squadrons of eight to 15 animals of various ages. They will defend themselves if they feel threatened but otherwise tend to ignore human beings. They defend themselves with their long tusks, which sharpen themselves whenever the mouth opens or closes.

Throughout the states of Arizona and New Mexico, collared pecarries are known as 'javelinas'. They are often seen around people's houses, with herds of them sometimes seen walking across driveways or porches. In some neighborhoods, they even live in backyards.

A second species is the White-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari), which is found in the rainforests of Central and South America. The White-lipped Peccary, Tayassu pecari, Tayassu albirostris, is a Peccary Species found in Central and South America

The third species, the Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), is the closest living relative to the extinct Platygonus pearcei. The Chacoan Peccary ( Catagonus wagneri) is the closest living relative to the Extinct Genus Platygonus. Platygonus is an extinct genus of peccary Platygonus was 1 m (3 ft 4 in long (larger than modern peccaries and had long legs allowing it to It is found in the dry shrub habitat or Chaco of Paraguay, Bolivia, Argentina and Southern Brazil. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Chacoan peccary has the unusual distinction of having been first described based on fossils and was originally thought to be only an extinct species. In 1975 the animal was discovered to still be alive and well in the Chaco region of Paraguay. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The species was well known to the native people.

A fourth species, the Giant Peccary (Pecari maximus) was recently discovered in the Brazillian Amazon by Dutch biologist Marc van Roosmalen. The Giant Peccary ( Pecari maximus) is a fourth species of Peccary, discovered in Brazil in 2000 by the Dutch naturalist Marc van Roosmalen |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Amazon Rainforest (Brazilian Portuguese: Floresta Amazônica or Amazônia; Spanish: Selva Amazónica or Amazonía Though recently discovered by science it has been known to the local Tupi people as Caitetu Munde, which means "great peccary which lives in pairs. " ^{[3] [4]} It is thought to be the largest extant peccary, and can grow to 1. 2 meters in length. Its fur is completely dark gray, with no collars whatsoever. Unlike other peccaries it lives in pairs, or with one or two offspring.

Evolution

Peccaries first appeared in the fossil records of Late Eocene or Early Oligocene in Europe, since then it's fossils have been found in all continents except Australia and Antarctica. The Eocene epoch (558 ± 02 - 339 ± 01 Ma) is a major division of the Geologic timescale and the second epoch of the Palaeogene period in The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene period and extends from about 33 For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. It became extinct in the Old World after Miocene. The Old World consists of those parts of Earth known to Europeans Asians and Africans in the 15th century The Miocene is a geological epoch of the Neogene period and extends from about 23

Although they are common in South America today, peccaries did not reach that continent until about three million years ago during the Great American Interchange, when the Isthmus of Panama formed, connecting North America and South America. The Great American Interchange was an important paleozoogeographic event in which land and freshwater fauna migrated from North America via Central The Isthmus of Panama, also historically known as the Isthmus of Darien, is the narrow strip of land that lies between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific At that time, many North American animals — including peccaries, llamas and tapirs — entered South America, while some South American species, such as the ground sloths, migrated north. The llama ( Lama glama) is a South American Camelid, widely used as a Pack animal by the Incas and other natives of the Andes Tapirs (ˈteɪpɚ as in "taper" or /təˈpɪər/ as "ta-pier" are large browsing Mammals, roughly pig-like in shape with short Ground sloths are a diverse group of Extinct Sloths Mammals in the edentate Superorder Xenarthra. ^[1]

One species, the Chacoan Peccary, had been known only from fossil records until a surviving population was discovered in 1975. The Chacoan Peccary ( Catagonus wagneri) is the closest living relative to the Extinct Genus Platygonus. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Peccaries in Popular Culture

One song on Frank Zappa's "Studio Tan" album is about "Greggery Peccary", a "little pig" who invents the calendar. Frank Vincent Zappa (December 21 1940 – December 4 1993 was an American Composer, Electric guitarist Record producer and Film director Studio Tan is an album by Frank Zappa, first released in September 1978 on his own DiscReet Records label ^[2]

Episode 30, "Bully Up A Tree", of Davey and Goliath featured a bully who was chased up a tree by a peccary, and then rescued by the dog Goliath, whom he had teased earlier. Davey and Goliath was the title of a 1960s Stop-motion animated television series

A stuffed Javelina is seen in the movie The Royal Tenenbaums. The Royal Tenenbaums is a 2001 dramatic Dark comedy directed by Wes Anderson about three Gifted siblings who experience

The javelina is the official mascot of Texas A&M University-Kingsville (formerly Texas A&I University), in Kingsville, Texas as well as Crystal City High School. Texas A&M University–Kingsville (formerly Texas A&I University) is a U Crystal City Independent School District is a public School district based in Crystal City, Texas ( USA)

On the television show Survivorman, in the Sonoran Desert episode, Les Stroud warns about the peccary and also has several shots of the animal. Survivorman is a Canadian-produced television program broadcast in Canada on the Outdoor Life Network (OLN and in the United States and internationally Les Stroud (Born October 20, 1961 in Mimico, Ontario Biography After graduating from Mimico High School in 1980 Stroud They are also mentioned in the Costa Rica episode. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in

On the June 11th episode of Pardon the Interruption, Tony Kornheiser said he would have preferred to see Chad Johnson race a javelina rather than a horse. Pardon the Interruption (abbreviated PTI) is a Sports television show that airs weekdays on various ESPN TV channels Anthony Irwin Kornheiser (born July 13, 1948) is an American sportswriter and former columnist for The Washington Post, as well

In the song "Point of Extinction" on Motion City Soundtrack's album 'Even If It Kills Me', the opening lyrics are: "Are you listening, javelina?"

One of Peoria's Arizona Fall League teams' mascot is the Javelinas.

Gallery

Collared Peccary at the Henry Doorly Zoo	Collared Peccary in Corcovado National Park, Costa Rica	Javelina in Tucson, Arizona	Peccary digging for food
Two javelinas at a suburban home in Tucson, Arizona	Peccary in Burgers Zoo in Arnhem, The Netherlands

References

External links

• ARKive - images and movies of the Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri)
• Arizona Game and Fish: Living With Javelina
• The Collared Peccary The Collared Peccary
• The Giant Peccary [3]

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