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Gari Melchers, Mural of Peace, 1896.
Gari Melchers, Mural of Peace, 1896. Julius Garibaldi Melchers ( August 11 1860 - November 30, 1932) was an American Artist.
For other uses, see Peace (disambiguation).

Peace can be a state of harmony or the absence of hostility. "Peace" can also be a non-violent way of life. "Peace" is used to describe the cessation of violent conflict. Peace can mean a state of quiet or tranquility — an absence of disturbance or agitation. QUIET is an Astronomy Experiment to study the polarization of the Cosmic microwave background radiation. Tranquillity (also spelled tranquility or called equanimity) is the quality of calm experienced in places with mainly natural features and activities free Peace can also describe a relationship between any people characterized by respect, justice, and goodwill. Respect is esteem for or a sense of the worth or excellence of a person a personal quality or ability or something considered as a manifestation of a personal quality or ability JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Peace can describe calmness, serenity, and silence. This latter understanding of peace can also pertain to an individual's sense of himself or herself, as to be "at peace" with one's own mind.

Contents

Nobel Peace Prize

Main article: Nobel Peace Prize

The Nobel Peace Prize is awarded annually to notable peacemakers and visionaries who have overcome violence, conflict or oppression through their moral leadership, those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between the nations". The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Defined narrowly a visionary is one who experiences a vision or Apparition connected to the supernatural The prize has often met with controversy, as it is occasionally awarded to people who have formerly sponsored war and violence but who have, through exceptional concessions, helped achieve peace.

Understandings of peace

Many different theories of "peace" exist in the world of peace studies, which involves the study of conflict resolution, disarmament, and cessation of violence. Peace and conflict studies is an " Academic field which identifies and analyzes the violent and nonviolent behaviors as well as the structural mechanisms [3] The definition of "peace" can vary with religion, culture, or subject of study.

Peace as the presence of justice

"Justice and Peace shall kiss" depicts a biblical scene, referencing King James, Psalms#Psalm 85 Psalms 85.
"Justice and Peace shall kiss" depicts a biblical scene, referencing King James, Psalms#Psalm 85 Psalms 85.

Mahatma Gandhi suggested that if an oppressive society lacks violence, the society is nonetheless not peaceful, because of the injustice of the oppression. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Gandhi articulated a vision of peace in which justice is an inherent and necessary aspect; that peace requires not only the absence of violence but also the presence of justice. JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Galtung described this peace, peace with justice, as "positive peace," because hostility and further violence could no longer flourish in this environment.

During the 1950s and 60s, when Martin Luther King Jr. and the civil rights movement carried out various non-violent activities aimed at ending segregation and racial persecution in America, they understood peace as more than just the absence of violence. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader They observed that while there was not open combat between blacks and whites, there was an unjust system in place in which the government deprived African Americans of equal rights. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa While some opponents criticized the activists for "disturbing the peace", Martin Luther King observed that "True peace is not merely the absence of tension: it is the presence of justice. The Letter from Birmingham Jail or Letter from Birmingham City Jail, is an Open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther "

Galtung coined the term structural violence to refer to such situations, which although not violent on the surface, harbor systematic oppression and injustice. Structural violence, a term which was first used in the 1960s and which has commonly been ascribed to Johan Galtung, denotes a form of violence which corresponds with the

Peace and development

Detail from Peace and Prosperity (1896), Elihu Vedder, Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C.
Detail from Peace and Prosperity (1896), Elihu Vedder, Library of Congress Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D. Elihu Vedder (1836 &ndash 1923 was an American symbolist painter book illustrator and poet born in New York City. The oldest of the three United States Library of Congress buildings the Thomas Jefferson Building was built between 1890 and 1897 C.

One concept or idea that often complements peace studies is development. Development studies is a Multidisciplinary branch of Social science which addresses issues of concern to developing countries. Economic, cultural, and political development can supposedly take "underdeveloped" nations and peoples out of poverty, thus helping bring about a more peaceful world. As such, many international development agencies carry out projects funded by the governments of industrialized countries, mostly the western, designed to "modernize" poor countries. [1]

The concept of peace has been linked to the wide idea of development, assuming that development is not the classical pursuit of wealth. Peaceful development can be a set of many different elements such as good governance, healthcare, education, gender equality, disaster preparedness, infrastructure, economics, rule of law, human rights, environment and other political issues. The terms Governance and good governance are increasingly being used in development literature Health care is the prevention treatment and management of illness and the preservation of mental health through the services offered by the medical, Nursing Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Gender equality (also known as gender equity, gender egalitarianism, or sexual equality) is the goal of the Equality of the Genders Emergency management (or disaster management) is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks Infrastructure typically refers to the technical structures that support a society such as Roads Water supply, Wastewater, Power grids Economics is the social science that studies the production distribution, and consumption of goods and services. The rule of law, in its most basic form is the principle that no one is above the law Human rights refers to the "basic Rights and freedoms to which all humans are entitled Environmentalism is a broad philosophy and Social movement centered on a concern for the conservation and improvement of the environment. The measuring of development uses not only GDP but also numerous measures such as:

In this frame, the problem of peace fully involves the complex matter of human development, what explains the complexity of any peace-building processus. This article is about international development See the closely related concept of development cooperation. traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write or the ability to use Language to read, write, listen, Life expectancy is the average number of years of life remaining at a given age The Gini coefficient is a measure of statistical dispersion most prominently used as a measure of inequality of income distribution or inequality of wealth Human immunodeficiency virus ( HIV) is a Lentivirus (a member of the Retrovirus family that can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP

“ Peace is what happens when all peoples are free to develop themselves in the way they want, without having to fight for their rights. ”

—Bruno Picozzi[2]

Democratic peace

Proponents of the democratic peace theory argue that strong empirical evidence exists that democracies never or rarely make war against each other. The democratic peace theory (or liberal peace theory or simply the democratic peace) holds that democracies &mdash usually liberal democracies Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system An increasing number of nations have become democratic since the industrial revolution, and thus, they claim world peace may become possible if this trend continues. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the World peace is an ideal of freedom, Peace, and Happiness among and within all nations

Plural peaces

Following Wolfgang Dietrich, Wolfgang Sützl, and the Innsbruck School of Peace Studies, some "peace thinkers" have abandoned any single and all-encompassing definition of peace. Rather, they promote the idea of many peaces. They argue that since no singular, correct definition of peace can exist, peace should be perceived as a plurality. [3]

For example, in the Great Lakes region of Africa, the word for peace is kindoki, which refers to a harmonious balance between human beings, the rest of the natural world, and the cosmos. The Great Lakes of Africa are a series of Lakes in and around the geographic Great Rift Valley formed by the action of the tectonic East African In its most general sense a cosmos is an orderly or harmonious system This vision is a much broader view of peace than a mere "absence of war" or even a "presence of justice" standard. [4]

These thinkers also critique the idea of peace as a hopeful or eventual end. They recognize that peace does not necessarily have to be something humans might achieve "some day. " They contend that peace exists in the present, we can create and expand it in small ways in our everyday lives, and peace changes constantly. This view makes peace permeable and imperfect rather than static and utopian. [5]

Such a view is influenced by postmodernism. Postmodernism literally means 'after the modernist movement' While " Modern " itself refers to something "related to the present" the movement of modernism

Inner peace

One meaning of peace refers to inner peace, a state of mind, body and mostly soul, a peace within ourselves. Inner peace (or peace of mind) refers to a state of being mentally and spiritually at Peace, with enough Knowledge and Understanding MIND ( Moving In New Directions) (est 1975 is an alternative education high school in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. With regard to living things, a body is the integral physical material of an individual The soul, according to many religious and philosophical beliefs is the self-awareness, or Consciousness, unique to a particular living People that experience inner peace say that the feeling is not dependent on time, people, place, or any external object or situation, asserting that an individual may experience inner peace even in the midst of war. One of the oldest writings on this subject is the Bhagavad Gita, a part of India's Vedic scriptures. [6]

Sevi Regis describes inner peace as, "the state or condition of restfulness, harmony, balance, equilibrium, longevity, justice, resolution, timelessness, contentment, freedom, and fulfillment, either individually or simultaneously present, in such a way that it overcomes, demolishes, banishes, and/or replaces everything that opposes it. "

Nonviolence and pacifism

Mahatma Gandhi's conception of peace was not as an end, but as a means: "There is no way to peace; peace is the way. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January " Gandhi envisioned nonviolence as a way to make a political statement. Judeo-Christian tradition declares "Thou shalt not kill," although there is no consensus on the most accurate interpretation. Judeo-Christian (or Judaeo-Christian, sometimes written as Judæo-Christian) is a term used to describe the body of concepts and values which are thought to be held The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given

Followers of some religions, such as Jainism, go to great lengths to avoid harming any living creatures, including insects. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Pacifists, such as Christian anarchists, perceive any incarnation of violence as self-perpetuating. Christian anarchism is any of several traditions which combine Anarchism with Christianity. Other groups take a wide variety of stances, many maintaining a Just War theory. Just War theory is a Doctrine of military ethics of Roman philosophical and Catholic origin studied by moral Theologians Ethicists and international

Peace organizations

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The website of the United States Agency for International Development website states: "Our Work supports long-term and equitable economic growth and advances U. The Children's Peace Pavilion located at the Community of Christ Auditorium in Independence Missouri, was established in 1995 to pursue its mission of The University for Peace ( UPEACE) was established in Costa Rica in 1980 "to provide humanity with an international institution of higher education The Dayton International Peace Museum is a Museum located in Dayton Ohio at 208 West Monument Avenue The Japanese Peace Bell is a United Nations peace symbol Cast on 1952-10-24, it was an official gift of the Japanese people to the United Nations The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Catholic peacemaking includes three major traditions evangelical Nonviolence practiced by individuals groups and mass movements Just war theory As in other Abrahamic Religions, peace is a basic concept of Islam. International Festival of Peace Poetry ( Persian: جشنواره بین المللی شعر صلح is an international festival held biannually in Iran. S. foreign policy objectives by supporting: economic growth, agriculture and trade; global health; and democracy, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance. [1]
  2. ^ Picozzi, Bruno (2007). BIPPI independent pro-peace initiative
  3. ^ A Call for Many Peaces, in: Dietrich/Echavarría/Koppensteiner: Key Texts of Peace Studies, Vienna, LIT Verlag, 2006. pages 282-305. [2]
  4. ^ Ibid.
  5. ^ Ibid.
  6. ^ Tirtha, Swami Sadashiva (2007). Bhagavad Gita for Modern Times (in commentary and translation). New York, USA: Sat Yuga Press. ISBN 978-0-9658042-6-4.  

References

  1. Letter from Birmingham Jail by Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader
  2. "Pennsylvania, A History of the Commonwealth," esp. pg. 109, edited by Randall M. Miller and William Pencak, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2002.
  3. Peaceful Societies, Alternatives to Violence and War Short profiles on 25 peaceful societies.
  1. The Path to Peace, by Laure Paquette

External links

The Open Directory Project ( ODP) also known as dmoz (from directory

Dictionary

peace

-noun

  1. A state of tranquility, quiet, and harmony, e.g., a state free from civil disturbance.
  2. A state free of oppressive and unpleasant thoughts and emotions.
  3. Harmony in personal relations.
  4. A state free of war, in particular war between different countries.

-interjection

  1. (slang) Shortened form of peace out; goodbye.
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