Comune di Pavia
The Old Bridge (Ponte Vecchio) across the Ticino is a symbol of Pavia
Country	Italy
Region	Lombardy
Province	Pavia (PV)
Mayor	Piera Capitelli (since 2005)
Elevation	77 m (253 ft)
Area	62 km² (24 sq mi)
Population (as of December 31, 2004)
- Total	71,486
- Density	1,153/km² (2,986/sq mi)
Time zone	CET, UTC+1
Coordinates	45°11′N, 09°09′E
Gentilic	Pavesi
Dialing code	0382
Postal code	27100
Patron	St. Sirus
- Day	December 9
Website: www.comune.pavia.it

Pavia (pronounced Pavìa, [paˈviˑa]), the ancient Ticinum, is a town and comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south of Milan on the lower Ticino river near its confluence with the Po. Ticinum (the modern Pavia) was an ancient city of Gallia Transpadana, founded on the banks of the river of the same name (now the Ticino river) a little In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic Administrative division of both provinces and regions and may be properly approximated in Lombardy (Lombardia Latin: Langobardia, Western Lombard: Lumbardìa, Eastern Lombard: Lombardia) is one of the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The River Ticino (Tessin Latin: Ticinus) is a Tributary of the Po. The Po ( Latin: Padus, Po Ligurian: Bo, Greek: Eridanus) is a river that flows 652 km(405 miles (682 km by considering It has a population of c. 71,000.

Pavia is the capital of a fertile province known for agricultural products including wine, rice, cereals, and dairy products. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many A dairy is a facility for the extraction and processing of animal Milk &mdashmostly from goats or cows, but also from buffalo, Sheep Some industries located in the suburbs do not disturb the peaceful atmosphere which comes from the preservation of the city's past and the climate of study and meditation associated with its ancient University. The University of Pavia ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. It is the see city of the Roman Catholic diocese of Pavia. An episcopal see is the ecclesiastical domain of authority of a Bishop.

Contents 1 History 2 Main sights 3 Notable Pavesi 4 Sister projects

History

For the main article on the Roman city, see Ticinum. Ticinum (the modern Pavia) was an ancient city of Gallia Transpadana, founded on the banks of the river of the same name (now the Ticino river) a little

Dating back to pre-Roman times, the town of Pavia (then known as Ticinum) was a municipality and an important military site under the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial

Here, in 476, Odoacer defeated Flavius Orestes after a long siege. Events By place Western Roman Empire September 4 — Romulus Augustus, the last Emperor of the Western Roman Empire Odoacer (435–493 also known as Odovacar (from the Germanic Audawakrs, meaning "watchful of wealth" was a Roman general and the Orestes (died August 28 476 was a Roman politician who was briefly in control of the Western Roman Empire in 475&ndash6 To punish the city for helping the rival, Odoacer destroyed it completely. However, Orestes was able to escape to Piacenza, where Odoacer followed and killed him, deposing his son Romulus Augustus. Piacenza ( Placentia in Latin and old-fashioned English, Piasëinsa in the local dialect of Emiliano-Romagnolo) is a Romulus Augustus (c 461/463 &ndash after 476 sometimes known as Romulus Augustulus ( Little Augustus) was the last Western Roman Emperor reigning from This was commonly considered the end of the Western Roman Empire. The Western Roman Empire refers to the western half of the Roman Empire, from its division by Diocletian in 285 the other half of the Roman Empire was the Eastern

A late name of the city in Latin was Papia (probably related to the Pope), which evolved to the Italian name Pavia. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and Sometimes it's been referred to as Ticinum Papia, combining both Latin names.

Under the Goths, Pavia became a fortified citadel and their last bulwark in the war against Belisarius. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s A citadel is a fortress for protecting a Town, sometimes incorporating a Castle. Flavius Belisarius (Βελισάριος (505(? – 565 was one of the greatest Generals of the Byzantine Empire and one of the most acclaimed generals in history

After the Lombards conquest, Pavia became the capital of their kingdom. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from During the Rule of the Dukes, it was ruled by Zaban. The Rule of the Dukes was an Interregnum in the Lombard Kingdom of Italy (574/5&ndash584/5 during which Italy was ruled by the Lombard Dukes Zaban was the Lombard Dux (or duke of Pavia (Ticinum during the decade-long interregnum known as the Rule of the Dukes ( 574 It continued to function as the administrative centre of the kingdom, but by the reign of Desiderius, it had deteriorated as a first-rate defensive work and Charlemagne took it in the Siege of Pavia (June, 774) assuming the kingship of the Lombards. Desiderius (also known as Daufer or Dauferius; Didier in French and Desiderio in Italian) was the last king of the Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Events By Place Europe Charlemagne conquers the kingdom of the Lombards, and takes title King of the Lombards Pavia remained the capital of the Italian Kingdom and the centre of royal coronations until the diminution of imperial authority there in the twelfth century.

In the 12th century Pavia acquired the status of a self-governing commune. Communes in Europe in the Middle Ages were sworn allegiances of mutual defense (both physical defense and of traditional freedoms among community members of a town or city In the political division between Guelphs and Ghibellines that characterizes the Italian Middle Ages, Pavia was traditionally Ghibelline, a position that was as much supported by the rivalry with Milan as it was a mark of the defiance of the Emperor that led the Lombard League against the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who was attempting to reassert long-dormant Imperial influence over Italy. The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting respectively the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in central and northern Italy Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. The Lombard League was an alliance formed around 1167, which at its apex included most of the cities of Northern Italy (although its membership changed in Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned

In the following centuries Pavia was an important and active town. Under the Treaty of Pavia, Emperor Louis IV granted during his stay in Italy the Palatinate to his brother Duke Rudolph's descendants. The Treaty of Pavia which divided the House of Wittelsbach two branches was signed in Pavia in 1329. Louis IV ( 1 April[[ 282]] &ndash 11 October 1347) called the Bavarian, of the house of Wittelsbach, was the Duke of Bavaria The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire Rudolf I of Bavaria ( October 4 1274, Basle &ndash August 12 1319) (German Rudolf I, Herzog von Bayern Pfalzgraf bei Rhein Pavia held out against the domination of Milan, finally yielding to the Visconti family, rulers of that city in 1359; under the Visconti Pavia became an intellectual and artistic centre, being the seat from 1361 of the University of Pavia founded around the nucleus of the old school of law, which attracted students from many countries. Milan (Milano Milan (listen) is one of the largest cities in Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. Visconti was the family name of two important Italian noble dynasties of the Middle Ages. The University of Pavia ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy.

The Battle of Pavia (1525) marks a watershed in the city's fortunes, since by that time, the former cleavage between the supporters of the Pope and those of the Holy Roman Emperor had shifted to one between a French party (allied with the Pope) and a party supporting the Emperor and King of Spain Charles V. Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Thus during the Valois-Habsburg Italian Wars, Pavia was naturally on the Imperial (and Spanish) side. See also France in the Middle Ages, Early Modern France Unexpected inheritance The Capetian dynasty seemed secure both during and The defeat and capture of king Francis I of France during the battle ushered in a period of Spanish occupation which lasted until 1713. Francis I (September 12 1494 &ndash March 31 1547 was crowned King of France in 1515 in the cathedral at Reims and reigned until 1547 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Pavia was then ruled by the Austrians until 1796, when it was occupied by the French army under Napoleon. Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich Year 1796 ( MDCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.

In 1815, it again passed under Austrian administration until the Second War of Italian Independence (1859) and the unification of Italy one year later. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Second War of Italian Independence, Franco-Austrian War, or Austro-Sardinian War was fought by Napoleon III of France and the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Italian Unification ( Italian: il Risorgimento, or "The Resurgence" was the political and social movement that unified different states of the Italian

Main sights

Pavia's most famous landmark is the Certosa, or Carthusian monastery, founded in 1396 and located eight kilometres north of the city. The Certosa di Pavia or Charterhouse of Pavia (built c 1396 - 1465) is a famous Monastery complex in Lombardy, Italy The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics.

Among other notable structures are:

• Cathedral of Pavia (Duomo di Pavia), begun in 1488; however, only by 1898 were the façade and the dome completed according to the original design. Duomo is a generic Italian term for a Cathedral church The formal word for a church that is presently a cathedral is cattedrale; a The central dome has an octagonal plan, stands 97 m high, and weighs some 20,000 tons. This dome is the third for size in Italy, after St. Peter's Basilica and Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Basilica Sancti Petri officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St The Basilica di Santa Maria del Fiore is the Cathedral church ( Duomo) of Florence, Italy. Next to the Duomo were the Civic Tower (existing at least from 1330 and enlarged in 1583 by Pellegrino Tibaldi): its fall on March 17, 1989 was the final motivating force that started the last decade's efforts to save the Leaning Tower of Pisa from a similar fate. Pellegrino Tibaldi, also known as Pellegrino di Tibaldo de Pellegrini ( Valsolda, 1527 &ndash Milan, 1596 was an Italian mannerist Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Leaning Tower of Pisa (Torre pendente di Pisa or simply The Tower of Pisa (it La Torre di Pisa is the Campanile, or freestanding bell tower of the

• San Michele Maggiore (St. The Basilica of San Michele Maggiore is a church of Pavia one of the most striking example of Lombard- Romanesque style Michael) is an outstanding example of Lombard-Romanesque church architecture in Lombardy. It is located on the site of a pre-existing Lombard church, which the lower part of the campanile belongs to. The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from A campanile &ndash pronounced /kampaˈnile/ &ndash is especially in Italy, a free-standing Bell tower, often adjacent to a church Destroyed in 1004, the church was rebuilt from around the end of the 11th century (including the crypt, the transept and the choir), and finished in 1155. It is characterized by an extensive use of sandstone and by a very long transept, provided with a façade and an apse of its own. Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. In the church the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa was crowned in 1155. Frederick I Barbarossa (1122 &ndash 10 June 1190) was elected King of Germany at Frankfurt on 4 March 1152 and crowned
• Basilica of San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro ("St. San Pietro in Ciel d'Oro ( Italian for "Saint Peter's in the Golden Sky" is a Roman Catholic Basilica (and a former Cathedral) of the Peter in Golden Sky") was begun in the 6th century, where Saint Augustine, Boethius and the Lombard king Liutprand are buried. Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius (480&ndash524 or 525 was a Christian philosopher of the 6th century The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from Liutprand was the king of the Lombards from 712 to 744 and is chiefly remembered for his Donation of Sutri, in 728 and his long reign which brought him into a series The current construction was built in 1132. It is similar to San Michele Maggiore, differentiating for the asymmetric façade with a single portal, the use of brickwork instead of sandstone, and, in the interior, the absence of [[matronei]or galleries reserved for women] and the shortest transept. Brickwork Masonry is produced when a Bricklayer uses Bricks and mortar to build up structures such as Walls Bridges and Sandstone is a Sedimentary rock composed mainly of Sand -size Mineral or rock grains. Full descriptions of the elements of a Gothic floorplan are found at the entry Cathedral diagram. The noteworthy arch housing the relics of St. Augustine was built in 1362 by artists from Campione, and is decorated by some 150 statues and reliefs. Campione redirects here For the football song see Campione 2000 Campione d'Italia is an Italian Comune (municipality The church is mentioned by Dante Alighieri in the X canto of his Divine Comedy. The Divine Comedy
• S. Teodoro (1117), dedicated to Theodore of Pavia, a medieval bishop of the diocese of Pavia, is the third romanesque basilica in the city, though smaller than the former ones. Saint Theodore of Pavia (died c 778) was Bishop of Pavia from 743 until his death It lays on the slopes leading down to Ticino river and served the fishermen. The River Ticino (Tessin Latin: Ticinus) is a Tributary of the Po. The apses and the three-level tiburium are a sample of the effective simplicity of romanesque decoration. Inside: two outstanding bird's eye view frescoes of the city (y. 1525) attributed to the painter Bernardino Lanzani. The latter, the definitive release, was stripped off disclosing the unfinished first one. Both are impressively detailed, and reveal how little Pavia’s urban design has changed during the last 500 years.

• the large fortified Castello Visconteo (built 1360-1365 by Galeazzo II Visconti). Galeazzo II Visconti (c 1320 &ndash August 4, 1378) was a member of the Visconti dynasty and a ruler of Milan, Italy. In spite of its being fortified, it actually was used as a private residence rather than a stronghold. The poet Francesco Petrarca spent some time there, when Gian Galeazzo Visconti called him to take charge of the magnificent library which owned about a thousand books and manuscripts, subsequentely lost. Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar Gian Galeazzo Visconti (November 1351 – September 3, 1402) son of Galeazzo II Visconti and Bianca di Savoia, was the first Duke of Milan The Castle is now home to the City Museums (Musei Civici) and the park is a popular attraction for children. An unconfirmed legend wants the Castle to be connected by a secret underground tunnel to the Certosa. The Certosa di Pavia or Charterhouse of Pavia (built c 1396 - 1465) is a famous Monastery complex in Lombardy, Italy

• the church of Santa Maria del Carmine, one of the most known examples of Gothic brickwork architecture in northern Italy. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. It is the second largest church in the city after the Cathedral, and is on the Latin cross plan, with a perimeter of 80 x 40 meters comprising a nave and two aisles. The characteristic façade has a large rose window and seven cusps. A Rose window (or Catherine window) is often used as a generic term applied to a circular Window, but is especially used for those found in churches
• the Renaissance church of Santa Maria di Canepanova, attributed to Bramante. Donato Bramante (1444 – March 11, 1514) was an Italian Architect, who introduced the Early Renaissance style to Milan and the High Renaissance
• the University of Pavia was founded in 1361, although a School of Rhetoric is documented since 825. The University of Pavia ( Italian: Università degli Studi di Pavia, UNIPV is a university located in Pavia, Lombardy, Italy. The Centrale Building is a wide block made up by twelve courts of the XV-XIX centuries. The sober façade shifts from barock style to neoclassic. The Big Staircase, the Aula Foscolo, Aula Volta, Aula Scarpa and the Aula Magna are neoclassic too. The Cortile degli Spiriti Magni hosts the statues of some of the most important scholars and alumni. Ancient burial monuments and gravestones of scholars of the XIV-XVI centuries are walled up in the Cortile Voltiano (most stem from demolished churches). The Cortile delle Magnolie holds an ancient pit, the Cortile di Ludovico il Moro has a renaissance loggia, and terracotta decorations: both courts, as well as two more, were the cloisters of the ancient Ospedale di San Matteo. The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia is the university's botanical garden. The Orto Botanico dell'Università di Pavia (20000 m² also known as the Orto Botanico di Pavia, is a Botanical garden maintained by the University of Pavia Botanical gardens grow a wide variety of Plants primarily to categorize and document for scientific purposes
• The medieval Towers still shape the town skyline. The main clusters still rising are rallied in Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, via Luigi Porta, piazza Collegio Borromeo.

Notable Pavesi

See also: Category:People from Pavia

People born in Pavia include:

• Lanfranc (c. Lanfranc (c 1005 – 1089 was Archbishop of Canterbury, and a Lombard by extraction 1005 – 1089), abbot and Archibishop of Canterbury
• Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576), scientist
• Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889), twice head of the government
• Tranquillo Cremona (1837–1878), painter
• Claudia Muzio (1889–1936), opera singer
• Carlo M. Cipolla (1922–2000), economic historian

People who have lived in Pavia include:

• Alessandro Volta (1745-1827) , scientist
• Camillo Golgi (1843 –1926, biologist
• Albert Einstein (1879–1955), physicist

Sister projects

• Media related to Pavia from the Wikimedia Commons. Benedetto Cairoli ( January 28, 1825 &ndash August 8, 1889) was an Italian Statesman. Claudia Muzio ( February 7, 1889 - May 24, 1936) was an Italian operatic Soprano, whose international career was among the Carlo Maria Cipolla (1922-2000 was an Italian Economic historian. Count Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta was a Lombard physicist known especially for the development of the first electric cell in Camillo Golgi ( July 7, 1843 &ndash January 21, 1926) was an Italian Physician and Scientist. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical

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