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Paul the Deacon (c. 720 – 13 April probably 799), also known as Paulus Diaconus, Warnefred and Cassinensis, (i. Events By Place Asia The Nihon Shoki (日本書紀 one of the oldest history books in Japan, is completed Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople Events By Topic Religion 29 November — Pope Leo III, aided by Charles the Great, returns to Rome. e. "of Monte Cassino"), was a Benedictine monk and historian of the Lombards. For information about the World War II battle see the Battle of Monte Cassino. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in See also History An historian is an individual who studies and writes about History, and is regarded as an Authority on it The Lombards ( Latin Langobardi, whence the alternative names Langobards and Longobards) were a Germanic people originally from

Contents

Life

An ancestor named Leupichis entered Italy in the train of Alboin and received lands at or near Forum Julii (Friuli). Alboin or Alboïn (died 572 or 573 was king of the Lombards, and conqueror of Italy. Friuli ( Friulian: During an invasion the Avars swept off the five sons of this warrior into Pannonia, but one, his namesake, returned to Italy and restored the ruined fortunes of his house. The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The grandson of the younger Leupichis was Warnefrid, who by his wife Theodelinda became the father of Paul.

Born between 720 and 735 in Friuli in Italy to this possibly noble Lombard family, Paul received an exceptionally good education, probably at the court of the Lombard king Ratchis in Pavia, learning from a teacher named Flavian the rudiments of Greek. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Ratchis was the Duke of Friuli ( 739 - 744) and king of the Lombards ( 744 - 749) Pavia (pronounced Pavìa,) the ancient Ticinum, is a town and Comune of south-western Lombardy, northern Italy, 35 km south Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly It is probable that he was secretary to the Lombard king Desiderius, a successor of Ratchis; it is certain that this king's daughter Adelperga was his pupil. Desiderius (also known as Daufer or Dauferius; Didier in French and Desiderio in Italian) was the last king of the After Adelperga had married Arichis II, duke of Benevento, Paul at her request wrote his continuation of Eutropius. For the Byzantine officer see also Eutropius (Byzantine official (396-397

It is certain that he lived at the court of Benevento, possibly taking refuge when Pavia was taken by Charlemagne in 774; but his residence there may be much more probably dated to several years before that event. Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Soon he entered a monastery on Lake Como, and before 782 he had become a resident at the great Benedictine house of Monte Cassino, where he made the acquaintance of Charlemagne. Lake Como ( Lago di Como in Italian, also known as Lario; Lach de Comm in Insubric; Latin: Larius Lacus) is a Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in For information about the World War II battle see the Battle of Monte Cassino. About 776 his brother Arichis had been carried as a prisoner to Francia, and when five years later the Frankish king visited Rome, Paul successfully wrote to him on behalf of the captive. The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Rome ( Roma ˈroma Roma is the capital city of Italy and Lazio, and is Italy's largest and most populous city with more than 2

His literary attainments attracted the notice of Charlemagne, and Paul became a potent factor in the Carolingian renaissance. The Carolingian dynasty (known variously as the Carlovingians, Carolings, or Karlings) was a Frankish noble family with its origins in the In 787 he returned to Italy and to Monte Cassino, where he died on April 13 in one of the years between 796 and 799. Events By Place Europe Canual succeeds Talorgen as king of the Picts. Events 1111 - Henry V is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. 1204 - The Fourth Crusade sacks Constantinople His surname Diaconus, shows that he took orders as a deacon; and some think he was a monk before the fall of the Lombard kingdom. Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions MONK is a Monte Carlo software package for simulating nuclear processes particularly for the purpose of determining the neutron multiplication factor or k-effective

Works

The chief work of Paul is his Historia Langobardorum. The Historia gentis Langobardorum (history of the Lombards) is the chief work by Paul the Deacon, written in the late 8th century. This incomplete history in six books was written after 787 and at any rate no later than 795/96, maybe at Montecassino. It covers the story of the Lombards from 568 to the death of King Liutprand in 744, and contains much information about the Byzantine empire, the Franks, and others. Events By Place Europe April 1 — King Alboin leads the Lombards into Italy refugees fleeing from them go on For the aircraft see Boeing_747-400 Events By Place Europe February — Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand The story is told from the point of view of a Lombard and is especially valuable for the relations between the Franks and the Lombards. It begins:

The region of the north, in proportion as it is removed from the heat of the sun and is chilled with snow and frost, is so much the more healthful to the bodies of men and fitted for the propagation of nations, just as, on the other hand, every southern region, the nearer it is to the heat of the sun, the more it abounds in diseases and is less fitted for the bringing up of the human race.

Among his sources, Paul used the document called the Origo gentis Langobardorum, the Liber pontificalis, the lost history of Secundus of Trent, and the lost annals of Benevento; he made a free use of Bede, Gregory of Tours and Isidore of Seville. The Origo Gentis Langobardorum is a short 7th century text detailing a legend of the origin of the Lombards, and their history up to the rule of The Liber Pontificalis ( Latin for Book of the Popes) is a book of biographies of Popes from Saint Peter until the 15th century Secundus of Non or Trent was an adviser at the court of the Lombard king Agilulf (590–616 CE Benevento is a town and Comune of Campania, Italy, capital of the Province of Benevento, 50 km northeast of Naples. Bede (ˈbiːd (also Saint Bede, the Venerable Bede, or (from Latin Beda (beda (c Saint Gregory of Tours ( November 30, c 538 &ndash November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and bishop of Tours Saint Isidore of Seville ( Spanish: es ''San Isidro'' or es ''San Isidoro de Sevilla'' Latin: latin ''Isidorus Hispalensis'' (c

Cognate with this work is Paul's Historia Romana, a continuation of the Breviarium of Eutropius. A breviary (from Latin brevis, 'short' or 'concise' is a Liturgical book of the Latin liturgical rites of the Catholic Church For the Byzantine officer see also Eutropius (Byzantine official (396-397 This was compiled between 766 and 771, at Benevento. The story runs that Paul advised Adelperga to read Eutropius. She did so, but complained that this Pagan writer said nothing about ecclesiastical affairs and stopped with the accession of the emperor Valens in 364; consequently Paul interwove extracts from the Scriptures, from the ecclesiastical historians and from other sources with Eutropius, and added six books, thus bringing the history down to 553. This article is about the Roman Emperor For other people called Valens see Valens Flavius Julius Valens ( Latin: DOMINVS This work has value for its early historical presentation of the end of the Roman Empire in the West, although it was very popular during the Middle Ages. It has been edited by H Droysen and published in the Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Johann Gustav Droysen ( July 6, 1808 – June 19, 1884) was a German Historian. Auctores antiquissimi, Band ii. (1879) as well as by A.  Crivellucci, in Fonti per la storia d' Italia, n.  51 (1914).

Paul wrote at the request of Angilram, bishop of Metz (d. 791), a history of the bishops of Metz to 766, the first work of its kind north of the Alps. This Gesta episcoporum Mettensium is published in Band ii. of the Monumenta Germaniae historica Scriptores, and has been translated into German (Leipzig, 1880). He also wrote many letters, verses and epitaphs, including those of Duke/Prince Arichis II of Benevento and of many members of the Carolingian family. Some of the letters are published with the Historia Langobardorum in the Monumenta; the poems and epitaphs edited by Ernst Dümmler will be found in the Poetae latini aevi carolini, Band i. Ernst Ludwig Dümmler ( 2 January 1830 - 11 September 1902) was a German Historian. (Berlin, 188f). Fresh material having come to light, a new edition of the poems (Die Gedichte des Paulus Diaconus) has been edited by Karl Neff (Munich, 1908), who denies, however, the attribution to Paul of the most famous poem in the collection, the Ut queant laxis, a hymn to St.  John from the initial syllables of the first verses of which Guido d'Arezzo took the names of the first notes of the musical scale. Guido of Arezzo or Guido Aretinus or Guido da Arezzo or Guido Monaco or Guido D'Arezzo (991/992&ndashafter 1033 was a music theorist Paul also wrote an epitome, which has survived, of Sextus Pompeius Festus' De significatu verborum. Sextus Pompeius Festus was a Roman Grammarian who probably flourished in the later 2nd century AD, perhaps at Narbo ( Narbonne) in Gaul It was dedicated to Charlemagne.

While in Francia, Paul was requested by Charlemagne to compile a collection of homilies. He executed this after his return to Monte Cassino, and it was largely used in the Frankish churches. A life of Pope Gregory the Great has also been attributed to him.

References

External links

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone

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