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Paul of Burgos (born at Burgos about 1351; died 29 August 1435) was a Spanish Jew who converted to Christianity, and became an archbishop, lord chancellor, and exegete. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. Exegesis (from the Greek 'to lead out' involves an extensive and critical interpretation of an authoritative text, especially of a Holy He is known also as Pablo de Santa Maria, Paul de Santa Maria, and Pauli episcopi Burgensis. His original name was Solomon ha-Levi.

Contents

Early life

He was the most wealthy and influential Jew of Burgos, a scholar of the first rank in Talmudic and rabbinical literature, and a rabbi of the Jewish community. History Early man of Neanderthal occupied sites around Burgos as early as 800000 years ago The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Rabbi (pronunciation, although in English usually) in Judaism, means a religious ‘teacher’ or more literally ‘my great one’ when addressing any master His father, Isaac ha-Levi, had come from Aragon or Navarre to Burgos in the middle of the fourteenth century. Solomon ha-Levi also apparently filled the office of tax-farmer at the same time.

His scholarship and intelligence, no less than his piety, won the praise of Isaac ben Sheshet, with whom he carried on a learned correspondence (Isaac ben Sheshet, Responsa, Nos. Isaac ben Sheshet Perfet (1326 &ndash 1408 ( Hebrew: יצחק בן ששת) was a Spanish Talmudic authority also know by his acronym Rivash 183-192).

Conversion

He received Christian baptism on 21 July 1390 (or perhaps 1391) at Burgos, taking the name Paul de Santa Maria. A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World He himself said that he had been convinced by the works of Thomas Aquinas. At the same time his brothers Pedro Suarez and Alvar Garcia, and his children, one daughter and four sons, aged from three to twelve years, were baptized. His wife, Joanna, whom he had married in his twenty-sixth year, remained faithful to Judaism, dying in that faith in 1420; she was afterward buried in the Church of S. Pablo, built by her husband.

Later life

Paul spent some years at the University of Paris, receiving the degree of doctor of theology after several years. The historic University of Paris (Université de Paris first appeared in the second half of the 13th century He then visited London, where he probably remained only a short time, sending a Hebrew satire on Purim to Don Meïr Alguades from that city (Israel Abrahams, "Paul de Burgos in London," in "J. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Purim ( Hebrew: פורים Pûrîm " lots " related to Akkadian pūru) is a Jewish holiday that commemorates Israel Abrahams (b London, November 26 1858; d Cambridge, October 6 1925) was one of the most distinguished Jewish Q. R. " xii. 255 et seq. ; Steinschneider, "Cat. Moritz Steinschneider ( March 30, 1816, Prostějov (Prossnitz Moravia – 1907 was a Bohemian Bibliographer and Orientalist Leyden," No. 64, 7).

He was appointed archdeacon of Treviño, and in 1402 (or 1405) became Bishop of Cartagena; and in 1415, Archbishop of Burgos. Treviño is a town and municipality located in the province of Burgos, which in turn is part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Cartagena ( is a Spanish Mediterranean city and naval station in the southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in the autonomous community of Region of Murcia He was succeeded in the see of Burgos by his second son, Archbishop Alfonso of Burgos. An episcopal see is the ecclesiastical domain of authority of a Bishop. Alfonso of Burgos (1384-1456 was a humanist diplomat historian and thinker of the Spanish Pre-Renaissance

His intelligence and scholarship, as well as his gift of oratory, gained for him the confidence of King Henry III of Castile, who in 1406 appointed him keeper of the royal seal, in succession to Pero Lopez de Ayala. Henry III ( October 4, 1379 –1406 sometimes known as Henry the Sufferer or Henry the Infirm (Enrique el Doliente was the son of John Don Pero (or Pedro) López de Ayala (1332 &ndash 1407 was a Castilian Statesman, Historian, Poet, Chronicler In 1416 King Henry named him lord chancellor. The Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain, or Lord Chancellor is a senior and important functionary in the Government of the United Kingdom. After the king's death Archbishop Paul was a member of the council which ruled Castile in the name of the regent Doña Catalina, and by the will of the deceased king he was tutor to the heir to the throne, the later John II of Castile. The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of León and Castile Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Katherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372-1418 &ndash was the daughter of John of Gaunt John II ( March 6 1405 &ndash July 20 1454) was King of Castile from 1406 to 1454

Relationship to Judaism

Paul, who even after he had been baptized continued to correspond with several Jews, including Joseph Orabuena, chief rabbi of Navarre, and Joshua ibn Vives, became a bitter enemy of Judaism. Ibn Vives Lorki (Al-Lorqui Joshua ben Joseph a Jewish Christian convert was a Spanish physician and writer who wrote as Gerónimo de Santa Fe (Hieronymus He tried his best, frequently with success, to convert his former coreligionists.

In the same spirit the chief object of the edict which he drafted as chancellor of the kingdom, and which was promulgated in the name of the regent Doña Catalina at Valladolid on January 2 (not 12), 1412, was the conversion of the Jews. Katherine of Lancaster (also known as Katherine Plantagenet and as Queen Catalina of Castile and Leon) (1372-1418 &ndash was the daughter of John of Gaunt ||-||} is an industrial city and it is a Municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Pisuerga River and within the Ribera del Duero wine-making region Events 366 - The Alamanni cross the frozen Rhine River in large numbers invading the Roman Empire. This law, which consisted of twenty-four articles, was designed to separate the Jews entirely from the Christians, to paralyze their commerce, to humiliate them, and to expose them to contempt, requiring them either to live within the close quarters of their ghetto or to accept baptism. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure In Christianity, baptism ( Greek, "immersing" "performing Ablutions " is the ritual act with the use of water by which one is admitted

Impelled by his hatred of Talmudic Judaism, Paul in the year preceding his death composed the Dialogus Pauli et Sauli Contra Judæos, sive Scrutinium Scripturarum (Mantua, 1475; Mayence, 1478; Paris, 1507, 1535; Burgos, 1591), which subsequently served as a source for Alfonso de Spina, Geronimo de Santa Fé, and other Spanish writers hostile to the Jews, and Martin Luther in Germany for his treatise On the Jews and their Lies. The Talmud ( Hebrew: he תַּלְמוּד is a record of Rabbinic discussions pertaining to Jewish law, ethics, customs and history Alphonso de Spina (unknown date of birth &ndash in or about 1491 was a Spanish Franciscan Catholic Bishop Preacher and Writer. Ibn Vives Lorki (Al-Lorqui Joshua ben Joseph a Jewish Christian convert was a Spanish physician and writer who wrote as Gerónimo de Santa Fe (Hieronymus Martin Luther (November 10 1483 February 18 1546 was a German Monk, theologian, university professor Father of Protestantism, and church reformer On the Jews and Their Lies (Von den Jüden und iren Lügen in modern spelling de ''Von den Juden und ihren Lügen'' is a 65000-word treatise written by German Reformation A few years after his baptism he wrote Additiones (which consist of addenda to Nicholas of Lyra's postils on the Bible, and have been frequently printed), and in his old age a Historia Universal in Spanish verse. Nicholas Of Lyra (c 1270&ndashOctober 1349 or Nicolaus Lyranus, a Franciscan teacher was among the most influential practitioners of Biblical Postil or Postilla: A medieval Latin term for a marginal note or a Biblical commentary affixed to a text being an abbreviation of the phrase post illa verba textus. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin

Works

The published writings of Archbishop Paul were:

It is chiefly on the latter work that Paul's reputation as an exegete rests. The Additiones were originally mere marginal notes written in a volume of the Postilla which he sent to his son Alfonso. Their publication aroused Matthias Döring, the provincial of the Saxon Franciscans, to publish his Replicæ, a bitter rejection of almost half of the 1,100 suggestions and additions Paul had made. Matthias Döring (in the 1390s - 24 July 1469) was a German Franciscan historian and theologian A provincial superior is a major superior of a Religious order acting under the order's Superior general and exercising a general supervision over all the local superiors The Free State of Saxony (Freistaat Sachsen ˈzaksən Swobodny Stat Sakska is the easternmost federal state of Germany. The term Franciscan is commonly used to refer to members of Catholic

These tracts are excerpts from the Additiones in regard to Exodus iii, and are joined to the scholia of J. Drusius on the correct pronunciation of the name of Jahweh. A scholium, plural scholia (σχόλιον "comment" "lecture" is a grammatical, critical or explanatory comment either original or extracted Johannes van den Driesche '''Drusius''' ( June 28, 1550 - February 1616 Protestant divine distinguished specially as an Orientalist and For information about Yahweh see God in Abrahamic religions, which provides useful links

External links

References

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