The Right Honourable  Paul Edgar Philippe Martin  PC MP
21st Prime Minister of Canada
In office December 12, 2003 – February 6, 2006
Monarch	Elizabeth II
Preceded by	Jean Chrétien
Succeeded by	Stephen Harper
Member of Parliament for LaSalle—Émard
Incumbent
Assumed office  November 21, 1988
Preceded by	Claude Lanthier
Born	August 28, 1938 (1938-08-28) (age 69) Windsor, Ontario
Political party	Liberal
Spouse	Sheila Martin
Children	3 sons (Paul, Jamie and David)
Residence	Montreal, Quebec
Alma mater	University of Ottawa, University of Toronto
Profession	Lawyer, Businessman
Religion	Roman Catholic
Website	PaulMartin.ca

Paul Edgar Philippe Martin PC, MP (also known as Paul Martin, Jr. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council This is a list of members of the Canadian House of Commons in the 39th Parliament of Canada. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC LaSalle—Émard is a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Quebec that has been represented in the Canadian House Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Claude Lanthier (born January 24 1933) is a former Canadian politician Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political Sheila Ann Martin née Cowan (born July 31, 1943) is the wife of Paul Martin, who served as the 21st Prime Minister of Canada from Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval For the university in Ottawa Kansas see Ottawa University. The University of Ottawa or Université d'Ottawa in French This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person A businessperson (also businessman or businesswoman) is someone who is employed at usually a profit-oriented enterprise, or more specifically someone The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council This is a list of members of the Canadian House of Commons in the 39th Parliament of Canada. ) (born August 28, 1938) was the twenty-first Prime Minister of Canada, as well as leader of the Liberal Party of Canada. Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political

On November 14, 2003, Martin succeeded Jean Chrétien as leader of the Liberal Party and became Prime Minister on December 12, 2003. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The 2004 election yielded a minority government in which the Liberals under Martin remained in power. The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of A minority government or a minority cabinet is a Cabinet of a Parliamentary system formed when the governing Political party or Forced by a confidence vote, the 2006 general election produced a minority victory for the opposition Conservative Party, making Stephen Harper Prime Minister. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC Martin resigned as parliamentary leader after the election. He stayed on as party leader until March 18, handing the reins to interim Liberal leader Bill Graham. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor William Carvel "Bill" Graham PC QC (born March 17, 1939, in Montreal Quebec) is a former Canadian politician

Martin has served as the Member of Parliament for the riding of LaSalle—Émard in Montreal since the 1988 election. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. An electoral district (also known as a Constituency or a riding in the Canadian English political Jargon) is a geographically-based LaSalle—Émard is a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Quebec that has been represented in the Canadian House Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec The Canadian federal election of 1988 was held November 21, 1988, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 34th Parliament He served as Minister of Finance from 1993 to 2002. The Minister of Finance (Ministre des Finances is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's He oversaw many changes in the financial structure of the Canadian government, and his policies had a direct effect on eliminating the country's chronic fiscal deficit by reforming various programs including social services.

According to Canadian protocol, as a former Prime Minister, he retains the title "The Right Honourable" for life. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain

Contents 1 Early life 2 Business career 2.1 Power Corporation 2.2 Board of directors 2.3 Presidency 2.4 Purchase of CSL Group Inc. 2.5 Public Office 3 Political career 3.1 Candidacy for the Liberal Party leadership 3.2 Finance Minister 3.3 Becoming Prime Minister 4 Prime Minister 4.1 2004 Election 4.2 Minority government 4.3 2005 Budget 4.4 Foreign relations 4.5 Appointment of Governor General 4.6 Fall of government 5 2006 Federal election 5.1 After the 2006 election 6 Supreme Court appointments 7 Honours 8 Appearance in media 9 References 10 References 11 External links

Early life

Paul Martin was born in Windsor, Ontario. Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec His father, Paul Joseph James Martin, a Franco-Ontarian of half Irish and half French descent, served thirty-three years as a member of the Canadian House of Commons, and was a Cabinet minister in four Liberal governments. Paul Joseph James Martin, PC, CC, QC ( June 23, 1903 &ndash September 14, 1992) often referred to as Franco-Ontarians (franco-ontarien are French Canadian or Francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of Government, typically representing the executive branch. His mother, Eleanor "Nelly" Alice Adams, was of Scottish, Irish, and Métis descent. A Métis is a person born to parents who belong to different groups defined by visible physical differences regarded as racial or the descendant of such persons ^[1] He has one sister, Mary Anne. Martin grew up in Windsor and Ottawa. Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. To give him the opportunity to improve his French, his parents enrolled him in a private French-language middle school, École Garneau in Ottawa. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Middle school or Junior High School serves as a "bridge" between the Elementary School and the High School He then briefly attended the University of Ottawa. For the university in Ottawa Kansas see Ottawa University. The University of Ottawa or Université d'Ottawa in French

Martin then went on to study at the University of St. Michael's College at the University of Toronto, and graduated with a BA in history and philosophy in 1961. The University of St Michael's College (USMC, often referred to as St This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus He followed his father's path to the University of Toronto Law School where he received his LL. B in 1965. He was called to the Ontario bar in 1966. ^[2]

In 1965, Martin married Sheila Ann Cowan, with whom he has three sons: Paul, Jamie and David.

Business career

Power Corporation

In 1963, a non-controlling share of CSL was purchased by Montreal-headquartered Power Corporation, a Quebec industrial conglomerate with interests in electricity generation, pulp and paper, and oil and gas. Power Corporation of Canada ( is a major Canadian company with assets in North America and Europe in a number of industries CSL continued operating and expanding its great lakes shipping line and the Collingwood and Lauzon shipyards through the 1960s, and witnessed several labour disputes.

Board of directors

In 1969, Power Corporation took a controlling-share in CSL. On December 2, 1970, Paul Martin, the 32-year old executive assistant to Power Corporation Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Maurice Strong, was appointed to the CSL board of directors. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A chief executive officer ( CEO) or chief executive is typically the highest-ranking corporate officer ( executive) or administrator Maurice F Strong PC, CC, OM, LLD, FRSC (born April 29, 1929 in Oak Lake, Manitoba) is one ^[3] In 1971 CSL minority shareholders sold outstanding shares to Power Corporation, making CSL a Power Corporation subsidiary.

At this time, CSL was given elevated status, where in the words of Power Corporation ". . . in order to increase its [Power Corporation's] own cash flow and take advantage of new federal tax regulations benefiting operating companies over holding companies, CSL took over most of Power’s investment portfolio at book value. "

Presidency

CSL suffered losses in 1972 when forced to cover unexpected cost overruns in the construction of three 80,000-ton ocean-going tankers at Davie Shipbuilding. On November 22, 1973 Paul Martin was appointed President and CEO of the CSL Group. Events 498 - Kofi Aseidu- After the death of Anastasius II, Symmachus is elected Pope in the Lateran Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. ^[3] In 1974, CSL earnings were further hurt by an eight-week strike on the Great Lakes.

In 1976, Power Corporation reversed itself and took over the investment portfolio which had been sold to CSL five years earlier. CSL reverted to an operating division of Power Corporation at this time. On June 7, 1981, CSL President and CEO Paul Martin announced plans to expand outside of the Great Lakes and St. Events 1099 - The First Crusade: The Siege of Jerusalem begins Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Lawrence River: "The Great Lakes are essentially a Canadian pond. . . Canadians have captured 95 percent of the business. Now we want our chance to try our wings on the oceans. "

Purchase of CSL Group Inc.

One month later, in July, 1981 Power Corporation announced it was selling its subsidiary CSL Group for $195 million (CAD). Power Corporation of Canada ( is a major Canadian company with assets in North America and Europe in a number of industries Canada Steamship Lines ( CSL) is a Canadian Shipping company with headquarters in Montreal Quebec. CSL Group at this time included the shipping company, shipyards, engineering firms, and a bus service (Voyageur, previously known as Provincial Transport). Voyageur Colonial Bus Lines (Voyageur (legal name 2599970 Canada Ltd) The following month in August, 1981, Paul Martin and his friend Lawrence Pathy secured financing and announced their intention to purchase CSL Group Incorporated for the price advertised by Power Corporation. Power Corporation of Canada ( is a major Canadian company with assets in North America and Europe in a number of industries

On August 9, 1983 citing federal government interference in the shipping industry, Martin stated: "then. Events 48 BC - Caesar's civil war: Battle of Pharsalus - Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) . . they are going to come in with some grand and glorious package that will give the government control of the industry because they don't understand private enterprise. "

By the mid-1980s, CSL's only remaining shipyard (Collingwood) was undergoing financial difficulties and was closed on September 12, 1986 with the loss of 800 jobs. Events 1213 - Albigensian Crusade: Simon de Montfort 5th Earl of Leicester, defeats Peter II of Aragon at the Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) At the same time, CSL Group Inc. 's expansion outside of Canada was well underway. Martin was elected as a Member of Parliament in November 1988 and resigned as President and CEO, stepping aside from directing the day-to-day operations of the company. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament.

In March 1991, following changes to Canada's taxation laws regarding international earnings, CSL backed away from threats to move its headquarters outside of Canada, however in December the president who replaced Martin resigned in opposition to plans to move international operations outside the country.

Replacement management in April, 1992 formed a new CSL Group Inc. subsidiary headquartered in Massachusetts to be called CSL International Inc. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. Canada Steamship Lines Inc. would remain as the Canadian operation under CSL Group Inc. , and the conglomerate would remain headquartered in Montreal.

Public Office

In November 1993, the newly re-elected Paul Martin was appointed to the cabinet and named Minister of Finance. On February 1, 1994 Martin placed his shares in CSL Group Inc. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) under a "Supervisory Agreement" to be managed by lawyers and financial advisers, although he would be allowed to intervene in company decision-making should events warrant.

In June 2002, Martin was dismissed from the cabinet as Minister of Finance and subsequently pursued a bid for leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada. The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political On March 11, 2003 Martin bowed to public and media pressure on his interest in CSL Group Inc. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. and announced that he would sell his interests in the company to his three sons, saying that his ownership would "provide an unnecessary distraction during the leadership race. "

On December 12, 2003 Martin became the Prime Minister of Canada. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus On January 28, 2004 the federal government, in response to opposition party and media enquiries, revealed that CSL Group Inc. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " had received $162 million in federal government contracts, grants and loans since Paul Martin became Minister of Finance in 1993. Earlier figures released in 2003 had suggested CSL Group Inc. had only earned $137,000 during this time period.

Throughout the 1990s, CSL Group Inc. oversaw the reflagging of several former Canadian-registered vessels which were placed under the shipping registries of nations commonly referred to as flags of convenience, where safety and labour laws were relaxed to be more business-friendly. A flag of convenience (FOC vessel or ship is one where the nationality of the owner is different from the country of registration This was often criticized by Martin's political opponents. [1]

Political career

Candidacy for the Liberal Party leadership

In 1984, the Liberal Party was defeated under the leadership of John Turner, falling to just 40 seats. John Napier Wyndham Turner PC CC QC (born June 7, 1929) is a retired Canadian Lawyer and Politician Many Liberals looked to replace Turner with a political newcomer. A group of young Liberals approached Martin as a possible candidate, and while he did not take part in an attempt to overthrow Turner, he did prepare to succeed him in the leadership should the position open. Martin was considered by many to be Turner's ideological successor, as Jean Chrétien was to Pierre Trudeau.

In 1988, Martin was elected as the Member of Parliament for the Western Montreal riding of LaSalle-Émard. He was reelected at every election since then without much difficulty.

He was a candidate at the 1990 Liberal leadership convention, losing to Jean Chrétien in a bitter race that resulted in lasting animosity between the two men and their supporters. The first three leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada were not chosen at a Leadership convention. The period between Paul Martin 's assumption of the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada on November 14, 2003, and the 2004 federal election A key moment in that race took place at an all-candidates debate in Montreal, where the discussion quickly turned to the Meech Lake Accord. The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial Martin, favouring Meech, attempted to force Chrétien to abandon his nuanced position on the deal and declare for or against it. When Chrétien refused to endorse the deal, young Liberal delegates crowding the hall began to chant "Vendu" - ("sellout" in French) and "Judas" at Chrétien. Chrétien blamed Martin for allegedly inciting the response from the floor and another similar outburst by Martin supporters at the convention when Chrétien accepted the party leadership, though Martin denied it. In particular, it resulted in Chrétien being personally unpopular in his home province, even though the majority of Canadians opposed the Accord. Jean Lapierre and his supporters, who were in favour of Martin, wore black armbands at the convention to protest Chrétien's victory. Jean-Claude Lapierre, PC is a Canadian television broadcaster and a former federal politician The Meech Lake Accord was officially defeated by a motion from Newfoundland Premier Clyde Wells, just one day before the Liberal leadership was to be decided. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation Clyde Kirby Wells (born November 9, 1937) is Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal In the House of Commons, Lapierre then crossed the floor to the newly formed Bloc Québécois. The Bloc Québécois ( BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to both the protection of Quebec's interests on a federal [2]

After the leadership convention, Martin co-authored the election platform "Creating Opportunity," colliqually known as the Red Book. The Red Book, officially titled Creating Opportunity The Liberal Plan for Canada was the platform of the Liberal Party of Canada in the The Liberal Party won a landslide majority government in the 1993 election. The Canadian federal election of 1993 (officially the 35th general election) was held on October 25 of that year to elect members to the Canadian House of Commons

Finance Minister

After the Liberals formed the government, Martin was chosen as Minister of Finance by Prime Minister Chrétien, and appointed by Governor General Raymond Hnatyshyn. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Ramon John Hnatyshyn PC CC CMM CD QC FRHSC (''hc'' (commonly known as Ray Hnatyshyn, anglicized At the time, Canada had one of the highest annual deficits of the G7 countries. The G7 (also known as the G-7 or Group of Seven) is the meeting of the Finance ministers from a group of seven industrialized nations As finance minister, Martin erased a $42 billion deficit, recorded five consecutive budget surpluses, and paid down $36 billion of national debt.

During his tenure as finance minister Martin was responsible for lowering Canada's debt-to-GDP ratio from a peak of seventy per cent to about fifty per cent in the mid-1990s. In December 2001, he was named as a member of the World Economic Forum's "dream cabinet. The World Economic Forum (WEF is a Geneva -based Non-profit foundation best known for its Annual Meeting in Davos, Switzerland "^[4] The global business and financial body listed Martin along with United States Secretary of State Colin Powell and United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan as top world leaders. Colin Luther Powell, KCB (Honorary MSC, (born April 5, 1937) is a retired General in the United States Army. Kofi Atta Annan, GCMG (born 8 April 1938 is a Ghanaian Diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations

Also during his tenure as finance minister, Martin coordinated a series of meetings between the finance ministers of all provinces to discuss how to address the pending crisis in the Canada Pension Plan (CPP). The Canada Pension Plan ( CPP) is a contributory earnings-related Social insurance program Consequently, Martin oversaw the creation of a general public consultation process in February 1996 that eventually led to major structural reform of the CPP. The results of this public consultation process were collected and analyzed by the Finance ministry. Eventually, it led to a proposal for overhauling the CPP, which was presented to Parliament and was approved soon after, thereby averting a pension crisis if left unaddressed. ^[5][4]

While Martin's record as finance minister was lauded in business and financial circles, there were undeniable costs. Some of these costs took the form of reduced government services, affecting the operations and achievement of the mandate of federal and provincial departments. This was probably most noticeable in health care, as major reductions in federal funding to the provinces meant significant cuts in service delivery. This article refers to medicare a name for Canada's publicly-funded health insurance system for hospital and physician services Martin's tactics, including those of using surplus funds from pension plans and Employment Insurance, created further controversy. Unemployment benefits are payments made by Governments to unemployed people

Becoming Prime Minister

Prime Minister Chrétien and Martin frequently clashed while in office. The period between Paul Martin 's assumption of the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada on November 14, 2003, and the 2004 federal election It was often reported that Chrétien privately often condemned Martin in bitter terms to aides and that he had never forgiven Martin for running against him in the Liberal leadership convention of 1990. During that bitter contest, Martin had forced Chrétien to declare his opposition to the Meech Lake Accord, and as a result Chrétien was generally unpopular in his home province for the next decade. The Meech Lake Accord was a set of failed amendments to the Constitution of Canada negotiated in 1987 by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and the provincial

Even before the Liberals' second electoral victory in the 1997 election, there was much speculation in the media and in Ottawa that Martin was after Chrétien's job and wanted to force the Prime Minister to retire. The Canadian federal election of 1997 was held on June 2, 1997, to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the 36th Parliament of As the Liberals emerged with a smaller majority government after the 1997 election, though it was unlikely that any opposition party could pose a serious challenge, Martin began to gain support from those who began to disagree with Chrétien. Chrétien, however, resolved to stay on after the Liberals were re-elected in 2000, having regained much of the ground lost in 1997. By this time, Martin had gained control of much of the party machinery.

The conflicts between the two men reached a peak in 2002. Martin left Cabinet, being replaced by John Manley as Finance Minister. There is some question on whether Martin resigned or Chrétien had him dismissed. Being out of Cabinet was likely a boost to his campaign as he was no longer obligated to disclose his donors. Soon after, Martin formally declared his intention to run as leader of the Liberal Party at the next party convention. Over the summer of 2002, Martin toured the country campaigning to succeed Chrétien while his Liberal organizers prepared to challenge Chrétien's leadership during a review vote in January 2003. During the fall, Chrétien announced that he would step down in the spring of 2004 after less than half of caucus agreed to sign a commitment supporting him. The Liberal party called a leadership convention for the fall of 2003, to be held in Toronto. The first three leaders of the Liberal Party of Canada were not chosen at a Leadership convention.

Several other potential leadership contenders, such as Brian Tobin and Allan Rock, declined to enter the contest. Brian Vincent Tobin, PC (born October 21, 1954) is a Canadian politician This article is about the Canadian statesman For the similarly-named places in Massachusetts, see Allen Rock. John Manley's attacks on Martin's refusal to disclose his campaign contributors did little to dent the latter's commanding lead and Manley eventually conceded the race. This left no strong candidate for Chrétien supporters to rally around, and some of them grudgingly voted for Martin. On September 21, 2003, he easily defeated his sole remaining opponent, former Deputy Prime Minister Sheila Copps by securing ninety-three per cent of the party delegates from across the country. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Sheila Maureen Copps, PC (born November 27, 1952) is a Canadian Journalist and former Politician. On November 14, 2003, he was formally declared the winner at the Liberal leadership convention, capturing 3,242 of 3,455 votes. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. He had won the leadership almost unopposed, due to his hold on the party machinery, and because Chrétien supporters did not rally around either of the leadership opponents.

On December 12, 2003, he was formally appointed by then Governor General Adrienne Clarkson as the twenty-first Prime Minister of Canada. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Adrienne Louise Clarkson PC CC CMM COM CD (born February 10 1939 is an accomplished Canadian journalist and stateswoman When sworn in as Prime Minister, Martin held the flag that flew on Parliament Hill when the elder Martin died. Both father and son had served as cabinet ministers and contested the Liberal leadership on multiple occasions; their attempts from 1948 to 1990 were unsuccessful. Martin's election as leader and becoming Prime Minister was described as fulfilling a family dream. Both also earned the honorific prefix The Right Honourable. The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain One difference between them was that Paul Sr. was one of the most left-wing members of the party, while Paul Jr. is considered to be on the right wing. [3]

Prime Minister

When he was sworn in, Martin's new cabinet retained half the ministers from the Chrétien government. Martin and his supporters exercised control over the riding nomination process, breaking with the precedent to automatically sign the nomination papers of backbenchers and former ministers who wanting to run for re-election. While these were signs of open party infighting, this had little impact on Martin's record popularity, with several pundits suggesting that the cabinet change was meant to present a new government different from Chrétien's ten-year tenure. The period between Paul Martin 's assumption of the leadership of the Liberal Party of Canada on November 14, 2003, and the 2004 federal election

Martin and the Liberals were adversely affected by a report from Auditor General Sheila Fraser on February 9, 2004, indicating that sponsorship contracts designed to increase the federal government's status in Quebec resulted in little to no work done. The role of the Auditor General of Canada is to aid Accountability by conducting independent audits of federal Government operations Sheila Fraser (born September 16, 1950) is the current Auditor General of Canada. Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Many of the agencies had Liberal ties, and roughly $100 million of the $250 million in program spending went missing. The scandal hurt Martin's popularity, especially in Quebec, where Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe even accused Martin of planning to widen the St. The Bloc Québécois ( BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to both the protection of Quebec's interests on a federal Gilles Duceppe, MP (born July 22, 1947) is a Quebec nationalist and Social democratic politician in Canada. Lawrence seaway to benefit his own Canada Steamship Lines. The scandal also cast skepticism on Martin's recommendations for Cabinet appointments, prompting speculation Martin was simply ridding the government of Chrétien's supporters to distance the Liberals from the scandal. Martin acknowledged that there has been political direction but denies involvement in, or knowledge of, the sponsorship contracts. He had a Royal Commission called to investigate what has come to be known as the Sponsorship Scandal, and nominated John Gomery to head it. The term Royal Commission may also be used in the United Kingdom to describe the group of Lords Commissioners who may act in the stead of the The sponsorship scandal, "AdScam", "Sponsorship" or Sponsorgate, is a Scandal that came as a result of a Canadian Justice John H Gomery, BCL, BA, QC (born August 9, 1932 in Montreal Quebec, Canada

2004 Election

The Liberals were facing a united Conservative Party led by Stephen Harper, while the Bloc Québécois and NDP were also buoyed by the Sponsorship Scandal. The Conservative Party of Canada ( Parti conservateur du Canada) colloquially known as the " Tories " is a conservative WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC The Bloc Québécois ( BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to both the protection of Quebec's interests on a federal Martin advised Governor General Adrienne Clarkson to call an election for June 28, 2004. Adrienne Louise Clarkson PC CC CMM COM CD (born February 10 1939 is an accomplished Canadian journalist and stateswoman The Canadian federal election 2004 (more formally the 38th General Election) was held on June 28, 2004 to elect members of the Canadian House of Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

An unpopular provincial budget by Liberal Premier Dalton McGuinty hurt the federal party's numbers in Ontario, as did a weak performance from Martin in the leaders' debates. Dalton James Patrick McGuinty Jr MPP (born July 19, 1955, in Ottawa Ontario) is a Canadian lawyer and politician Polls placed the Liberals in a dead heat with the Conservatives midway through the campaign. The Conservatives would soon take the lead, prompting predictions of an imminent Harper government. The Liberals managed to narrow the gap and eventually regain momentum by targeting the Conservatives' credibility and motives. These attacks also attracted crucial voters who had been leaning towards the NDP, which enabled the Liberals to hold on to several ridings by thin margins. Martin was successful in winning a plurality of seats to continue as the government, though they were now in a minority situation, the first since Joe Clark's tenure in 1979-80 The Liberals managed to narrow the gap and eventually regain momentum by targeting the Conservatives' credibility and motives. Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark PC CC AOE (born June 5 1939 is a Canadian Journalist, Politician, Statesman Martin was successful in winning a plurality of seats to continue as the government, though they were now in a minority situation, the first since Joe Clark's tenure in 1979-80. Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark PC CC AOE (born June 5 1939 is a Canadian Journalist, Politician, Statesman

Minority government

The Martin government faced combined challenges from Quebec separatism and general hostility arising from the Sponsorship Scandal. The first test of the Liberal minority came following the Speech from the throne on October 5, 2004. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Conservatives announced plans to move an amendment to the speech. In this they were supported by the separatist Bloc Québécois and the New Democratic Party. The Bloc Québécois ( BQ) is a federal political party in Canada that defines itself as devoted to both the protection of Quebec's interests on a federal Principles policies and electoral achievement The NDP grew from populist, agrarian and democratic socialist roots The fall of the government was averted only after agreement on a watered-down version of the amendment.

At the First Ministers' Meeting of September 13-September 15, 2004, Martin and the provincial premiers reached an agreement on increased funding for healthcare. In Canada, a First Ministers' conference is a meeting of the provincial and territorial premiers and the Prime Minister. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " ^[6] It was not a "deal for a generation" as promised in the election, but it was a decade-long financial commitment that was expected to lower the heat in federal-provincial relations, which had worsened during Chrétien's time in office.

Martin also introduced changes to the equalization program, under which the Federal Government is constitutionally obligated to redistribute federal revenue to provinces having less ability to raise revenues through taxation than wealthier provinces. The goal in doing so is to ensure uniformity of public service provision across the nation. This was received positively in "have not" provinces, but Nova Scotia and Newfoundland and Labrador sought to retain income from natural resources on federal marine territory that would generally be taken, or 'clawed back' by the federal treasury in lieu of equalization payments. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation In the 2004 federal election campaign, Harper provided in writing a promise that the provinces of Newfoundland and Labrador and Nova Scotia under a Conservative government would receive 100 per cent of the revenue generated from their natural resources without an equalization clawback, a promise he later reneged upon when elected as Prime Minister. NDP leader Jack Layton followed suit soon after with a similar guarantee, and later Martin promised that under a Liberal government both provinces would receive the same deal, except only for oil resources. John Gilbert "Jack" Layton PC MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian Politician ^[7] Negotiations over the agreement would be harsh, with Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams, at one point ordering all Canadian flags removed from provincial government buildings in December, 2004. The Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador is the First minister for the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador. Daniel "Danny" Williams QC MHA (born August 4 1950 in St ^[8] The dispute was resolved when the federal government agreed to Martin's original campaign promise.

Same-sex marriage proved to be a defining issue of Martin's mandate. Same-sex marriage (also referred to as gay marriage) is a term for a legally or Socially recognized Marriage between two people of the same Single-issue politics involves political campaigning or political support based on one essential Policy area or idea Martin opposed same-sex marriage in a 1999 vote on the issue along with a majority of MPs,^[9] but changed his stance on the issue in 2004, citing recent court rulings and his personal belief that same sex marriage was primarily a human rights issue. ^[10] In the midst of various court rulings in 2003 and 2004 that allowed for the legalization of same-sex marriages in seven provinces and one territory, the government proposed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage across Canada. On July 20, 2005, Canada became the fourth country in the world to legalize same-sex marriage nationwide with the approval of the Civil Marriage Act. The House of Commons passed the Civil Marriage Act in late June 2005 in a late night, last-minute vote before Parliament closed down, the Senate passed it in July 2005, and it received Royal Assent on July 20 of the same year. The Civil Marriage Act (full title " An Act respecting certain aspects of legal capacity for marriage for civil purposes " was Legislation legalizing The Senate of Canada (Le Sénat du Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the sovereign (represented by the governor general The granting of Royal Assent is the formal method by which a constitutional monarch completes the legislative process of Lawmaking by formally assenting to an Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold This made Canada the fourth country in the world to allow same-sex marriages. ^[11]

Martin also negotiated a ten year, $41 billion dollar plan to improve health care and reduce wait times. He signed agreements with all provinces to establish a national early learning and child care program.

In November 2005, the Martin government reached an historic consensus with Canada's provinces, territories, First Nations, Métis and Inuit people. Known as the Kelowna Accord, this aimed to eliminate the gaps between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Canadians in the areas of health, education, housing and economic opportunity.

2005 Budget

The 2005 federal budget was presented in the House of Commons on February 23, 2005. The 2005 Canadian federal budget was the budget of the Government of Canada for the 2005-2006 Fiscal year. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The budget included an array of new spending for the Armed Forces, the environment and for a national child care program. The Canadian Forces (CF ( French: Forces canadiennes) are the unified Armed forces of Canada, governed by the National Defence

Public hearings of the Gomery Commission inquiry into the sponsorship scandal involving alleged kickbacks and "donations" from Quebec advertising agencies and corporations to Liberal Party operatives led to a drop in the Liberal Party's popularity. The Gomery Commission, formally the Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities, was a federal Canadian Royal Commission The sponsorship scandal, "AdScam", "Sponsorship" or Sponsorgate, is a Scandal that came as a result of a Canadian Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk The security of the minority government came under fire as the Conservatives threatened to force an election by use of their "opposition day," when they get to set the Parliament's agenda. The Conservatives would use this time to hold a vote of no confidence in order to topple Martin's government. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion ^[12] To avoid this, Martin removed all opposition days from the schedule and made a televised appearance on April 21, 2005, to attempt to gain support from the Canadian people to let the inquiry run its course before an election is called. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. In the rebuttal speeches by the opposition party leaders, Layton offered his party's support provided that they were given major concessions in the budget such as canceling the proposed corporate tax cuts. Days later, the Liberals took the NDP up on their offer and negotiated tax cut deferments and new spending initiatives. Among the new commitments was aid for Sudan, which Sudan's officials turned down as Martin did not consult them about it beforehand. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. This aid was attacked as a perceived attempt to win the vote of a single independent MP, former Liberal David Kilgour. The Honourable David Kilgour, PC, BA, JD, DD (born February 18, 1941 in Winnipeg Manitoba) is a former Kilgour nevertheless would vote against the government. ^[13]

In May, Parliament passed a motion asking one of its committees to express a lack of confidence in the government. The Liberals dismissed this as a procedural matter, causing some to accuse them of governing unlawfully by ignoring parliamentary tradition. The Conservatives and Bloc interpreted it as a vote of no confidence, and they combined their votes to shut down the House of Commons early for two days in a row. The Speaker of the House of Commons later ruled in favour of the Liberal stance.

On May 17, 2005, MP Belinda Stronach crossed the floor from the Conservative Party and joined the Liberal Party to become Minister of Human Resources and Skills Development. Events 1521 - Edward Stafford 3rd Duke of Buckingham, is executed for Treason. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Belinda Caroline Stronach, DO NOT CHANGE PC TO LIBERAL - READ THIS FOR AN EXPLANATION Please note the PC after her name does NOT refer In Politics, crossing the floor is to vote against party lines especially where this is considered unusual or controversial The Minister of Human Resources and Social Development (Ministre des Ressources humaines et du Développement des compétences is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Martin claimed Stronach's move was due to concerns over the direction the Conservative Party was taking, while others accused Stronach of political opportunism. ^[14][15] This event changed the balance of power in the House of Commons in favour of the government. The House of Commons (Chambre des communes is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and This, and the support of independent MP Chuck Cadman, caused a tie during a May 2005 confidence vote, meaning that Peter Milliken, Speaker of the House needed to cast the deciding vote. Charles "Chuck" Cadman ( February 21, 1948 &ndash July 9, 2005) was a Canadian politician and Member of Peter Andrew Stewart Milliken, MP (born November 12, 1946) is a Canadian lawyer and politician Peter Andrew Stewart Milliken, MP (born November 12, 1946) is a Canadian lawyer and politician He voted with the government, following the tradition that the Speaker votes to continue debate, and that allowed the budget to pass through the House on May 19, 2005. Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Foreign relations

On February 24, 2005, Foreign Affairs Minister Pierre Pettigrew told the House of Commons that Canada would not participate in the American National Missile Defense Program, and that he expected to be consulted in the case of a missile being launched over Canadian air space. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pierre Stewart Pettigrew, PC, (born April 18, 1951 in Quebec City, Quebec) is a Canadian politician On 24 February, 2005, Foreign Affairs Minister Pierre Pettigrew announced Canada would not be joining the United States' missile defense program Martin's decision came with much praise, but others saw that the government was distancing itself from the U. S. His government continued to cooperate with the United States on border control, refugee claimants, and defence, and he appointed seasoned Liberal politician Frank McKenna as Canada's ambassador to Washington. Francis Joseph "Frank" McKenna PC OC QC ONB (born January 19, 1948, in Apohaqui,

Martin was criticized for failing to reach a foreign-aid target of 0. 7 per cent of GDP, most notably by Bono of Irish rock group U2 (who claimed that he was going to "kick [Martin's] butt," over the issue). Martin later responded that, in his view, many foreign leaders had made pledges that were too fanciful and that he would only commit to targets that he knew his government could be held accountable for. ^[16][17]

Martin promoted the expansion of the G8 into a larger group of twenty nations G20. He also forged a closer relationship with the People's Republic of China by announcing the strategic partnership initiative during PRC President Hu Jintao's state visit to Canada in September, 2005. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES A strategic partnership is a formal alliance between two commercial enterprises usually formalized by one or more business Contracts but falls short of forming a legal Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist "Official visit" redirects here For the Yes Minister episode see " The Official Visit " ^[18]

Appointment of Governor General

On August 4, 2005, the government announced that Martin had advised Queen Elizabeth II to appoint Michaëlle Jean as Governor General. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II Michaëlle Jean, CC CMM COM CD ʒɑ̃ (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative The reception to the appointment was mixed: some, including Harper, applauded the move, while accusations that her husband had both dined with former members of the terrorist organization, FLQ, and had been supportive of Quebec separatism in the past surprised others. The Front de libération du Québec ( Québec Liberation Front commonly known as the FLQ, and sometimes referred to as Front de libération Québécois The Quebec sovereignty movement ( Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood ( Sovereignty) or some ^[19] Subsequent to her appointment she reaffirmed her commitment to federalism and the issue died down. Political federalism is a Political philosophy in which a group of members are bound together (Latin foedus, covenant) with a governing

Fall of government

The first volume of the Gomery Report, released on November 1, 2005, cleared Martin of any wrong doing while placing some blame for the scandal on former Prime Minister Jean Chrétien for lack of oversight, although it acknowledged that Chrétien had no knowledge of the scandal. Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime ^[20] However, many have criticized the Gomery Inquiry as not having the scope to assign criminal responsibility for the Scandal or to investigate Martin's role, and indeed some have accused Martin of purposely "tying Gomery's hands. " Gomery specifically said that Martin "is entitled, like other ministers from the Quebec caucus, to be exonerated from any blame for carelessness or misconduct", as the Department of Finance's role was not oversight, but setting the "fiscal framework".

A Canadian judge issued a gag order that barred Canadian media from covering the hearings of the Gomery Inquiry. The Gomery Commission, formally the Commission of Inquiry into the Sponsorship Program and Advertising Activities, was a federal Canadian Royal Commission Despite this ban, leaked information circulated after being published in an American blog. A blog (a contraction of the term " Web log " is a Web site, usually maintained by an individual with regular entries of commentary descriptions of ^[21]

After the Gomery findings, NDP leader Jack Layton notified the Liberals of conditions for the NDP's continued support, one of which included a ban on private health care. John Gilbert "Jack" Layton PC MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian Politician Martin turned down the offer, as well as rejecting an opposition proposal schedule an election for February 2006, in return for passing several pieces of legislation. ^[22] The Conservatives, supported by the other two opposition parties (the NDP and Bloc Québécois), introduced a motion of non confidence against the Martin government. A motion of no confidence (also vote of no confidence, censure motion, no-confidence motion, or confidence motion) is a Parliamentary motion The motion passed on November 28 by a count of 171–133, defeating the government, after which the Governor General issued the election writs for a vote to be held on January 23, 2006. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events A writ of election is a Writ issued by the Government ordering the holding of a special Election for a governmental Office. The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[23][24]

The motion was notable in that it was the first time a ruling government had been defeated on a non-confidence motion not associated with any legislation; previous defeats of minority governments in Canada had occurred in connection with the failure of financial legislation, such as budget bills in the case of Joe Clark and Pierre Trudeau or supply in the case of Arthur Meighen. Charles Joseph "Joe" Clark PC CC AOE (born June 5 1939 is a Canadian Journalist, Politician, Statesman Arthur Meighen (ˈmiən PC, QC ( June 16, 1874 – August 5, 1960) was the ninth Prime Minister of Canada

According to Jordan Glass, Canadian political scientist, Paul Martin is seen as the epitome of neo-liberalism as a CSL CEO and Prime Minister. Other commentators described his tenure as Prime Minister as unfocused and indecisive, with the The Economist referring to him as "Mr. The Economist is an English-language weekly news and International affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd and edited in London Dithers". [4] [5]

2006 Federal election

Main article: Canadian federal election, 2006

For Martin and the Liberals, the 56-day campaign entailed an emphasis on choosing a vision of Canada different from that of the Conservatives, centering on issues of health care, daycare, tax cutting, and national autonomy. The 2006 Canadian federal election (more formally the 39th General Election) was held on January 23 2006 to elect members of the Canadian House of Commons of the Instead, the campaign focused on the perception of corruption within the Liberal Party, stemming from revelations of details regarding the Sponsorship Scandal. The sponsorship scandal, "AdScam", "Sponsorship" or Sponsorgate, is a Scandal that came as a result of a Canadian

Martin became involved in a diplomatic row with the United States administration after accusing, with Bill Clinton, the US of not listening to global environmental concerns. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States The Kyoto Protocol is a protocol to the international Framework Convention on Climate Change with the objective of reducing Greenhouse gases in an effort Martin rejected the US Ambassador David Wilkins' rebuke and stated that he was standing up for Canada's interests over softwood and other issues. David Horton Wilkins (born October 12, 1946) is the current United States Ambassador to Canada. ^[25][26] Wilkins, Conservative Leader Stephen Harper, and NDP leader Jack Layton accused Martin of orchestrating a row with the US in order to garner public support during an election campaign and noted that Canada's record in cutting carbon dioxide emissions is worse than that of the US. WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC John Gilbert "Jack" Layton PC MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian Politician

Prior to the campaign and upon dropping of the writs, opinion polling indicated the Liberals were ahead of the Conservatives by 2-10% popular support (November 30, 2005: Liberals 35%, Conservatives 30%). Dropping the writ is the informal term for a procedure in some Parliamentary government systems, where the Head of government, that is the prime Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election of 2006 (held on 23 January 2006) showed a long period of variable support for the governing Liberal Party of Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. However, the Liberal lead did not last. They did not plan much serious campaigning during December, allowed the Conservatives to take the initiative in rolling out policy ideas. Several early gaffes were picked up by an unsympathetic media. The current tally of the newspaper endorsements for the 2006 Canadian federal election has shown a strong wave of new endorsements for the Conservative Party of Canada, led by One notable gaffe was Liberal Party strategist Scott Reid's suggestion that parents might buy beer and popcorn with the Conservative's child care subsidy, although Martin declined to apologize. Scott Reid was the deputy chief of staff (operations in the Prime Minister's Office of Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin, as well as one of Martin was also criticized for portraying himself as the defender of Canadian unity; some opponents pointed that this election was not a referendum while others pointed to the Sponsorship Scandal. ^[27]

Near the end of December, the Liberals were rocked by a Royal Canadian Mounted Police criminal investigation into the leaking of news of a federal tax change for income trusts. An income trust is an Investment trust that holds Income -producing Assets The term also designates a legal entity, Capital structure ^[28][29] This again brought the Sponsorship Scandal into public attention, at the time when Martin planned to make important policy announcements. Under constant campaign pressure by all opposition parties casting Martin and the Liberals as corrupt, Liberal support fell to as low as 26% in the early weeks of January 2006.

Martin did not put in a strong performance during the televised campaign debates. While appearing passionate in his message, he stuttered in making statements and appeared somewhat flustered. [6][7] During one debate, Martin made a surprise pledge that he would eliminate the notwithstanding clause, while the Conservatives pointed out that this was not one of the announced Liberal campaign promises. Section Thirty-three of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is part of the Constitution of Canada. [8] Political analyst Dave Docherty indicated that Harper appeared most prime ministerial in the debates. [9]

In an attempt to sway voter sentiment in the final two weeks of the campaign, the Liberals prepared a series of attack ads. In the 2006 federal election in Canada, the Liberal Party of Canada used attack ads against Conservative Party of Canada One unreleased ad was seen widely as disrespectful of the military and it not only overshadowed the other ads but also forced Martin to defend the controversial ad instead of releasing new policies. During the last week, Martin was forced to defend Harper after the latter was called a separatist by Canadian Auto Workers union leader Buzz Hargrove. Template talkInfobox Union for usage --> The Canadian Auto Workers ( CAW; formally the National Automobile Basil Eldon "Buzz" Hargrove (born March 8, 1944, Bath New Brunswick, Canada) is the former National President of the Canadian In another tactic similar to the 2004 campaign, Hargrove urged all progressive voters to unite under the Liberal banner in English Canada and the Bloc Québécois in Quebec to stop the Conservatives, hoping to attract voters who were leaning towards the NDP, but New Democrat leader Jack Layton responded by focusing his attacks on Liberal corruption. John Gilbert "Jack" Layton PC MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian Politician

In the end, the Conservatives won a plurality of support and seats, finishing 31 seats short of a majority. The Liberals held their base of support in Ontario, with 54 seats of the 103 in the province. The Liberals lost a number of seats in Quebec: winning only 13 of the 75 seats in the province, down from 21 in 2004, while the Conservatives won 10 seats there. The Liberals did not improve their standings in the Western provinces, winning only 14 of the 92 seats, the same number as in 2004.

After the 2006 election

Shortly after midnight on January 24, 2006, after it became clear that the Conservatives were on their way to a plurality, Martin conceded defeat. Events 41 - Gaius Caesar (Caligula, known for his eccentricity and cruel Despotism, is Assassinated by his disgruntled Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. (Near the end of the 2004 election, Martin and Harper both pledged that they would not form a government unless they won a plurality of seats. ) Martin announced his resignation as party leader, saying "I will continue to represent with pride the people of LaSalle—Émard, but I will not take our party into another election as leader. "

The next day, Martin officially informed Governor General Michaëlle Jean of his intention to resign as Prime Minister. The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Michaëlle Jean, CC CMM COM CD ʒɑ̃ (born September 6, 1957, in Port-au-Prince, ^[30] Jean formally asked Harper to form a government later that day. Martin remained as Prime Minister until the Harper minority government was sworn in February 6, 2006. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[31]

Choosing not to take on the office of Leader of the Opposition, Martin stepped down as parliamentary leader of his party on February 1, and the Liberal caucus appointed Bill Graham, MP for Toronto Centre and outgoing Defence Minister, as his interim successor. A parliamentary leader is chosen in Canadian politics to lead their caucus in a legislative body whether it be the House of Commons or a provincial legislature Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen William Carvel "Bill" Graham PC QC (born March 17, 1939, in Montreal Quebec) is a former Canadian politician Toronto Centre, Rosedale and Toronto Centre–Rosedale make up a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that The Minister of National Defence (Ministre de la Défense nationale is a Minister of the Crown; the Canadian Politician within the Cabinet of Canada Martin temporarily remained nominal party leader, though.

The party's national executive accepted Martin's resignation as Liberal leader on March 18, 2006, handing the post to Graham for the interim. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. In doing so, Martin became the shortest serving non-interim leader of the Liberal Party since Confederation - serving for less than two-fifths the time (2,197 to 855 days) of the next shortest serving leader, John Turner (1984-1990). At the same meeting Martin tendered his resignation, the date for the leadership convention to select his successor was set for the weekend of December 2-3, 2006. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire According to media reports, Martin decided to move up the date of his resignation to end speculation that he might lead the Liberals into another election if Stephen Harper's minority government were to fall prior to the Liberal leadership convention. ^[32]

At the Liberal convention in Montreal, Martin was officially neutral in the contest. The Liberal Party of Canada leadership convention of 2006 was prompted by Paul Martin 's announcement that he would not lead the Liberal Party of Canada into another The party's tribute to Martin was hosted by former Olympian Mark Tewksbury. Mark Tewksbury (born July 2, 1968) is a former Canadian swimmer Martin's press secretary denied that the tribute was low key due to the Sponsorship Scandal and lingering bitterness inside the party, saying that the former Prime Minister wanted a simple evening. In his farewell speech, Martin paid homage to Chretien, though the latter was not present for the event, and urged the Liberals to emerge united from the convention. Stéphane Dion was elected Liberal leader from a field of eight candidates. Stéphane Maurice Dion PC not change it to "Liberal"! --> MP ^[33][34]

In 2007 he was awarded an LLD (honoris causa) from the University of Windsor. The University of Windsor is a Non-denominational, provincially-supported Coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario

Supreme Court appointments

Martin chose the following jurists to be appointed as justices of the Supreme Court of Canada by the Governor General:

• Rosalie Abella (October 4, 2004 – present)
• Louise Charron (October 4, 2004 – present)

Honours

• prenominal title "The Honourable" and postnominal "PC", for life upon being made a member of the Queen's Privy Council for Canada, November 4, 1993^[35]

• upgraded prenominal title "The Right Honourable", for life upon becoming Prime Minister, December 12, 2003

• Honorary Doctor of Laws, University of Windsor, June 14, 2007

Appearance in media

• Martin appeared on Corner Gas, in a comedic sketch with comedian Brent Butt. The Supreme Court of Canada ( French: Cour suprême du Canada) is the highest court of Canada and is the final court of appeal in the Canadian The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative Rosalie Silberman Abella, FRSC (born July 1, 1946) is a Canadian jurist Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Louise Charron (born March 2, 1951 in Sturgeon Falls Ontario) is a Canadian jurist Events 610 - Heraclius arrives by ship from Africa at Constantinople, overthrows Byzantine Emperor Phocas "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The Queen's Privy Council for Canada (QPC (Conseil privé de la Reine pour le Canada (CPR sometimes called Her Majesty's Privy Council for Canada or the Privy Council Events 1333 - Flood of the Arno River, causing massive damage in Florence as recorded by the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The University of Windsor is a Non-denominational, provincially-supported Coeducational, public comprehensive university in Windsor, Ontario Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Corner Gas is a Canadian Television sitcom created by Brent Butt and airing on CTV and in the United States on WGN Brent Butt (born August 3, 1966 in Tisdale Saskatchewan) is a Canadian Stand-up comedian actor and writer
• Martin also appeared in the intro sequence of Infoman, Radio-Canada's news/comedy program, until 2006.

References

References

• Wilson-Smith, Anthony; Greenspon, Edward (1996). Double Vision: The Inside Story of the Liberals in Power. Doubleday Canada. ISBN 0-385-25613-2.
• Conservative Party of Canada. Various documents.

External links

• [10]
• Political biography from the Library of Parliament
• Official Liberal Party bio
• CBC News Indepth: Paul Martin A series of articles by CBC News about Paul Martin. Established in the 1930s, CBC News is the department within the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs
• PaulMartinTime - Critical commentary on Paul Martin
• CBC documentary on Martin's business practices
• How'd They Vote?: Paul Martin's voting history and quotes
• "Prime Minister Paul Martin says he would use the Constitution's notwithstanding clause".
• Paul Martin Editorial Cartoon Retrospective: by Graeme MacKay 1997-2006
• CBC Digital Archives – Paul Martin: Prime Minister in Waiting
• Paul Edgar Philippe Martin by Norman Hillmer
• Paul Martin at the Internet Movie Database

27th Ministry - Government of Paul Martin
Cabinet Posts (1)
Predecessor	Office	Successor
Jean Chrétien	Prime Minister of Canada (2003–2006)	Stephen Harper
26th Ministry - Government of Jean Chrétien
Cabinet Posts (1)
Predecessor	Office	Successor
Gilles Loiselle	Minister of Finance (1993–2002)	John Manley
Special Cabinet Responsibilities
Predecessor	Title	Successor
Jean Charest	Minister responsible for the Federal Office of Regional Development – Quebec (1993–1996)	John Manley
Political offices
Preceded by Jean Chrétien	Leader of the Liberal Party 2003–2006	Succeeded by Bill Graham Interim
Parliament of Canada
Preceded by Claude Lanthier	Member of Parliament for LaSalle—Émard 1988 – present	Incumbent

Persondata
NAME	Martin, Paul Edgar Phillipe
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	21st Prime Minister of Canada
DATE OF BIRTH	August 28, 1938
PLACE OF BIRTH	Windsor, Ontario
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime The Prime Minister of Canada ( French: Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary Minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus WikipediaManual of Style (biographies#Honorific prefixes --> Stephen Joseph Harper PC Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime Gilles Loiselle, PC (born May 20, 1929 in Ville-Marie, Quebec) is a retired Canadian Politician. The Minister of Finance (Ministre des Finances is the Minister of the Crown in the Canadian Cabinet who is responsible each year for presenting the federal government's John James Charest PC MNA (known as Jean Charest) ʒɑ̃ ʃɑʀe (born June 24, 1958) is a Canadian The title Minister responsible for the Economic Development Agency of Canada for the Regions of Quebec was accorded to full members of the Cabinet of Canada from the Campbell Joseph Jacques Jean Chrétien, (generally known as Jean Chrétien) (born January 11, 1934) is a Canadian politician who was the twentieth Prime The Liberal Party of Canada ( Parti libéral du Canada) colloquially known as the Grits (originally " Clear Grits " is a major Canadian political William Carvel "Bill" Graham PC QC (born March 17, 1939, in Montreal Quebec) is a former Canadian politician The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Claude Lanthier (born January 24 1933) is a former Canadian politician A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. LaSalle—Émard is a federal electoral district in the Canadian province of Quebec that has been represented in the Canadian House Events 475 - The Roman General Orestes forces western Roman Emperor Julius Nepos to flee his Capital Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec

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