Paul Langerhans (July 25, 1847 - July 20, 1888) was a famous German pathologist and biologist. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and Foundations of modern biology There are five unifying principles
Contents |
Eponymous terms
- Islets of Langerhans - Pancreatic cells which produce insulin. Islets of Langerhans is the area in which the Endocrine (ie hormone-producing cells of the Pancreas are grouped The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called Insulin is a Hormone with intensive effects on both metabolism and several other body systems (eg vascular compliance Langerhans discovered these cells during his studies for his doctorate at the Berlin Pathological Institute in 1869. A doctorate is an Academic degree that indicates the highest level of academic achievement Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
- Langerhans cells - Skin cells concerned with the immune response and which sometimes contain Langerhans granules. Not to be confused with the Beta cells making up the Islets of Langerhans. An immune system is a collection of mechanisms within an Organism that protects against Disease by identifying and killing Pathogens and Tumor In cell biology, a granule can be any structure barely visible by light microscopy In 1868, Langerhans used the technique taught to him by Julius Friedrich Cohnheim to stain a sample of human skin with gold chloride and identified the cells which bear his name. Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Julius Friedrich Cohnheim ( July 20, 1839 - August 15, 1884) was a German-Jewish Pathologist. Gold(III chloride, traditionally called auric chloride, is the chemical compound with the formula Au[[Chloride Cl]]3 Not to be confused with the Beta cells making up the Islets of Langerhans. From their appearance, Langerhans believed they were nerve cells. However they are a form of dendritic cells. Dendritic cells (DCs are Immune cells and form part of the Mammalian Immune system.
Early education
Langerhans was born in Berlin on July 25, 1847, the son of a physician. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health He later entered the renowned “School of the Grey Monastery” (Graues Kloster) in the same city. Due to his outstanding performance he was exempted from the final oral examinations. He began his medical studies at the University of Jena and completed them in Berlin. Friedrich Schiller University of Jena (FSU is located in Jena, Thuringia in Germany and was renamed for the German writer Friedrich Schiller
Major scientific contributions
In February 1869, he presented a thesis entitled “Contributions to the microscopic anatomy of the pancreas”, in which he refers to islands of clear cells throughout the gland, staining differently than the surrounding tissue. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The pancreas is a Gland organ in the digestive and Endocrine system of Vertebrates. He noticed that these areas were more richly innervated, but he could not suggest a function, except for the incorrect hypothesis that they might be lymph nodes. A Lymph node ( lɪmf noʊd is an organ consisting of many types of cells and is a part of the Lymphatic system.
One year before, still as an undergraduate, he analysed epidermal skin cells as part of an open competition organised by Berlin University. In some Educational systems undergraduate education is Post-secondary education up to the level of a Bachelor's degree. Epidermis is the outermost layer of the Skin. It forms the waterproof protective wrap over the body's surface and is made up of stratified squamous Epithelium with For other universities in Berlin see List of Universities in Berlin. The branched skin cells resembling neuron, described in his paper entitled “On the nerves of the human skin”, remained an enigma for over a century before their immunological function and significance were recognised.
Early career & disease
After graduation, he accompanied the geographer Richard Kiepert to Syria, Palestine and western Jordan, but returned to Europe at the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War and later served in an ambulance unit in France. Richard Kiepert ( September 13, 1846 - August 4, 1915) was a German Cartographer who was the son of famed Geographer Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, often referred to in France as the 1870 War ( 19 July, 1870 — 10 May, 1871 This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In 1871, Rudolf Virchow arranged a position for him as prosector in pathological anatomy at the University of Freiburg, and within two years he became a full professor. Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow ( 13 October 1821 &ndash 5 September 1902) was a German doctor, anthropologist, public health Pathology (from Greek grc πάθος pathos, "fate harm" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study and It was there in 1874 that he contracted tuberculosis, very likely because of his work in the dissecting room. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common In search of a cure, he travelled to Naples, Palermo, the island of Capri, and underwent treatments at Davos and Silvaplana in Switzerland, but all in vain: he was forced to apply for release from his university duties. Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the Palermo ( Sicilian: Palermu, Greek: Panormus, al-Madinah during Muslim rule is a historic City in Capri ( Italian pronunciation Cápri usual English pronunciation Caprí is an Italian island off the Sorrentine Peninsula, on the south side Davos ( Romansh: Tavau, Italian: Tavate is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Silvaplana is a municipality in the district of Maloja in the Swiss canton of Graubünden and the name of a lake in the municipality Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation
Consequences, Madeira & marriage
In October 1875 he embarked for Funchal on the island of Madeira, where he made a partial recovery and launched himself into a new career with undiminished energy. Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Churches and Parishes Imaculado Coração de Maria Monte Santa Luzia Santa Maria Maior History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the He began studying marine worms, making regular trips down to the harbour to pick over the fishermens’ nets. His publications describing and classifying marine invertebrates deserve to rank as his third contribution to science. An invertebrate is an Animal lacking a Vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal Species — all animals except those in the Chordate In 1887, he gave a lecture on these topics to the Royal Academy in Berlin. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
He practised as a physician in Funchal, treating mostly fellow tuberculosis-suffers, and published scientific papers about the condition in Virchow’s archive. Not content with this, he also wrote a handbook for travellers to the island, and pursued studies in meteorology. Meteorology (from Greek grc μετέωρος metéōros, "high in the sky" and grc -λογία -logia) is the Interdisciplinary
In 1885, he married Margarethe Ebart, the widow of one of his patients. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common They travelled to Berlin for the wedding, and he met his father, sisters and two brothers for the last time. The newly-weds rented Quinta Lambert, known as the most beautiful villa in Funchal and now the governor’s residence. In the words of his new bride “three indescribably happy years” followed.
Death
In autumn of 1887, progressive renal failure brought his medical activities to an end. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common He developed leg oedema, crippling headaches and transient memory loss. Oedema (or Edema in American English formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is the increase of Interstitial fluid in any organ &mdash swelling Sometimes he stopped in the middle of a sentence and was unable to continue. He died of uraemia on July 20, 1888, 5 days before his 41st birthday. Uremia is a term used to loosely describe the illness accompanying kidney failure (also called renal failure Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He is buried in the British cemetery on Madeira, a place he had chosen, describing it as a “true graveyard, isolated and quiet, a good place to rest”.
References
- B. M. Hausen (1988): Die Inseln des Paul Langerhans. Eine Biographie in Bildern und Dokumenten. Ueberrreuter Wissenschaft, Wien. [Translation: The islets of Paul Langerhans. A biography in pictures and documents. ]
- B. M. Hausen (2005). Diabetologia. Springer. http://www.diabetologia-journal.org/past%20masters/langerhans.htm
- B. G. Firkin & J. A. Whitworth (1987). Dictionary of Medical Eponyms. Parthenon Publishing. ISBN 1-85070-333-7
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic