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For other persons named Paul Graham, see Paul Graham (disambiguation). Paul Graham is a Lisp programmer Paul Graham may also refer to Paul Graham (photographer (born 1956 British photographer
Paul Graham

Born 1964
Weymouth, England
Occupation programmer, venture capitalist, author

Paul Graham (b. Weymouth (ˈweɪməθ is a town in Dorset, England situated on a sheltered bay at the mouth of the River Wey on the English Channel coast England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland A programmer is someone who writes Computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist Venture capital (also known as VC or Venture) is a type of Private equity capital typically provided to immature high-potential growth companies An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created 1964) is a Lisp programmer, venture capitalist, and essayist. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Lisp (or LISP) is a family of Computer Programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully parenthesized syntax A programmer is someone who writes Computer software. The term computer programmer can refer to a specialist in one area of computer programming or to a generalist Venture capital (also known as VC or Venture) is a type of Private equity capital typically provided to immature high-potential growth companies This article is an abbreviated list of Essayists - individuals notable for writing essays on various topics He is the author of On Lisp (1993), ANSI Common Lisp (1995), and Hackers & Painters (2004). An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created On Lisp Advanced Techniques for Common Lisp is a Book by Paul Graham on macro programming in Common Lisp. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Hackers & Painters Big Ideas from the Computer Age (ISBN 0-596-00662-4 is a collection of Essays from Paul Graham discussing hacking. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again "

Contents

Biography

In 1995 Graham and Robert Morris founded Viaweb, the first application service provider (ASP). Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 Robert Tappan Morris, also known as rtm, (born November 8 1965 is an associate professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in the Institute's department Viaweb is a web-based application that allows users to build and host their own Online stores with little effort and technical expertise directly from their An application service provider (ASP is a business that provides computer-based services to customers over a network Viaweb's software, originally written mostly in Common Lisp, allowed users to make their own Internet stores. Common Lisp, commonly abbreviated CL, is a dialect of the Lisp Programming language, published in ANSI standard document Information Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. In the summer of 1998 Viaweb was sold to Yahoo! for 455,000 shares of Yahoo! stock, valued at $49. Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) 6 million. [1] At Yahoo! the product became Yahoo! Store.

He has since begun writing essays for his popular website paulgraham. com. They range from "Beating the Averages", which compares Lisp to other programming languages and introduced the word Blub, to "Why Nerds are Unpopular", a discussion of nerd life in high school. A programming language is an Artificial language that can be used to write programs which control the behavior of a machine particularly a Computer. A collection of his essays has been published as Hackers and Painters (ISBN 0-596-00662-4) by O'Reilly. Hackers & Painters Big Ideas from the Computer Age (ISBN 0-596-00662-4 is a collection of Essays from Paul Graham discussing hacking. O'Reilly Media (formerly O'Reilly & Associates) is an American media company established by Tim O'Reilly

In 2005, after giving a talk at the Harvard Computer Society later published as How to Start a Startup, Graham along with Trevor Blackwell, Jessica Livingston and Robert Morris started Y Combinator to provide seed funding to startups, particularly those started by younger, more technically-oriented founders. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Trevor Blackwell (born 4 November 1969 in Canada) is a computer Programmer based in Silicon Valley. Y Combinator is a seed-stage Startup funding firm, started in 2005 by Paul Graham, Robert Morris, Trevor Blackwell, and A seed round, sometimes known as a friends and family round or seed funding, is a Securities offering whereby one or more parties that have some connection A startup company or start-up is a Company with a limited operating history Y Combinator has now invested in 80 startups, including reddit, Justin.tv, loopt and Xobni. Reddit (also reddit) is a Social news website on which users can post links to content on the web Justintv, founded in San Francisco by Justin Kan is a network of diverse channels providing a platform for lifecasting and live video streaming of events online Loopt is a company based in Mountain View, California. It provides a Cellphone -based GPS sharing system that allows users to visualize one another Xobni is a San Francisco -based email startup It was founded in March 2006 by Adam Smith and Matt Brezina from Adam's dorm room in Cambridge Massachusetts as part of the

Graham has a B.A. [2] from Cornell. He earned an M.S. and a Ph.D. in Applied Sciences (specializing in computer science) from Harvard in 1988 and 1990 respectively [2], and studied painting at Rhode Island School of Design and the Accademia di Belle Arti in Florence. A Master of Science ( Latin: Magister Scientiæ; abbreviated MSc, M "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their The Rhode Island School of Design (abbreviated as RISD, pronounced /ˈrɪzdi/ is a Fine arts college located in Providence Rhode Island. The Accademia dell'Arte del Disegno ("Academy of the Art of Drawing" is an art academy in Florence, Italy. Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany

Arc programming language

Main article: Arc (programming language)

In 2001, Paul Graham announced that he was working on a new dialect of Lisp named "Arc. Arc is a dialect of the Lisp programming language now under development by Paul Graham and Robert Morris. Lisp (or LISP) is a family of Computer Programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully parenthesized syntax " Over the years since, he has written several essays describing features or goals of the language, and some internal projects at Y Combinator have been written in Arc, most notably the Hacker News web forum and news aggregator program.

In the essay Being Popular Graham describes a few of his goals for the language. While many of the goals are very general ("Arc should be hackable," "there should be good libraries"), he did give some specifics. In Computer science, a library is a collection of Subroutines used to develop Software. For instance, he believes that it is important for a language to be terse:

It would not be far from the truth to say that a hacker about to write a program decides what language to use, at least subconsciously, based on the total number of characters he'll have to type. If this isn't precisely how hackers think, a language designer would do well to act as if it were.

He also stated that it is better for a language to only implement a small number of "axioms," even when that means the language may not have features that large organizations want, such as object-orientation. Object-oriented programming (OOP is a Programming paradigm that uses " objects " and their interactions to design applications and computer programs In fact, Graham feels that object-orientation is not useful as OO methods and patterns are just "good design," and he sees the language features used to implement OO as partially mistaken. [3][4]

A controversy among Lisp programmers is whether, and how much, the S-expressions of the language should be complemented by other forms of syntax. The term S-expression or sexp (where S stands for symbolic refers to a convention for representing Semi-structured data in human-readable textual form In Linguistics, syntax (from Ancient Greek grc συν- syn-, "together" and grc τάξις táxis, "arrangement" is the Graham feels that additional syntax should be used in situations where pure S-expressions would be overly verbose, saying, "I don't think we should be religiously opposed to introducing syntax into Lisp. " Graham also feels that efficiency problems should be solved by giving the programmer a good profiler. In Software engineering, performance analysis, more commonly today known as profiling, is the investigation of a program's behavior using information gathered as the

The first publicly released version of Arc was made available on Tuesday, 29 January 2008[5]. The release comes in the form of a . tar archive, containing the mzscheme source code for Arc. PLT Scheme is an innovative programming language that builds on a rich academic and practical tradition A tutorial and a discussion forum are also available. The forum is copied from news. ycombinator. com and is written itself in Arc.

The initial version has caused some controversy, notably by not supporting any other character set than ASCII, and shipping with a built-in web application library that bases its layout on HTML tables. A character encoding consists of a code that pairs a sequence of characters from a given character set (sometimes incorrectly referred to as Code page American Standard Code for Information Interchange ( ASCII) In Computing, an HTML element indicates structure in an HTML document and a way of hierarchically arranging content This, combined with the hype surrounding Arc and its generally slow development pace, has gathered some unfavorable comments. [6]

Bayesian filtering

In 2002, Graham published an essay entitled "A Plan for Spam," in which he advocated using a Naive Bayes classifier to identify spam. A naive Bayes classifier is a simple probabilistic classifier based on applying Bayes' theorem with strong (naive independence assumptions While Graham did not discover Bayesian spam filtering,[7] the simple but effective variant he described in his paper directly led to the creation of the popular bogofilter software, which uses the method, and to including Bayesian Filtering in other existing products such as SpamAssassin. Bayesian spam filtering (pronounced BAYS-ee-ən IPA pronunciation:, after Rev Bogofilter is a Mail filter that classifies E-mail as spam or ham (non-spam by a statistical analysis of the message's header and content (body SpamAssassin is a Computer program released under the Apache License 2

In the years since he published the article, Bayesian filtering has come to be regarded as the best method for filtering spam in situations where the filter can be trained, beating older heuristic approaches both in the simplicity of the process and in the quality of spam classification. [8]

External links

By Paul Graham

Arc-related

About Paul Graham

Parodies

References

  1. ^ Yahoo! to Acquire Viaweb. Yahoo! Inc (1998-06-08). Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Retrieved on 2008-04-14. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in
  2. ^ "I might not be the best source of advice, because I was a philosophy major in college. "[1]
  3. ^ Why Arc Isn't Especially Object-Oriented
  4. ^ Arc FAQ
  5. ^ Arc's Out
  6. ^ Reddit: Arc's Out
  7. ^ Jason Rennie (1996). ifile.
  8. ^ Why Bayesian filtering is the most effective anti-spam technology. GFI. Retrieved on 2007-11-09. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all
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