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Paul Éluard was the pen name of Eugène Émile Paul Grindel (December 14, 1895 – November 18, 1952), a French poet who was one of the founders of the surrealist movement. This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth A pen name, nom de plume, or literary double, is a Pseudonym adopted by an Author or their publishers to conceal their identity Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members
Contents |
Biography
He was born in Saint-Denis, just outside of Paris, son of Clément Grindel and wife Jeanne Cousin. Saint-Denis is a commune in the northern suburbs of Paris, France. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city At age 16, after a happy childhood, Éluard contracted tuberculosis and interrupted his studies. Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for tubercle bacillus or T u' b' erculosis Bacillus --> is a common He met Gala, born Elena Ivanovna Diakonova, whom he married in 1917, in the Swiss sanatorium of Davos. Gala Dalí ( &ndash 10 June, 1982) usually known simply as Gala, was the wife of first Paul Éluard, then Salvador Dalí, Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Davos ( Romansh: Tavau, Italian: Tavate is a municipality in the district of Prättigau/Davos in the canton of Together they had a daughter named Cécile.
Around this time Éluard wrote his first poems. He was particularly inspired by Walt Whitman. Walter Whitman (May 31 1819 &ndash March 26 1892 was an American poet, Essayist journalist, and humanist. In 1918, Jean Paulhan “discovered” him and introduced him to André Breton and Louis Aragon. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Jean Paulhan ( 2 December 1884 — 9 October 1968) was a French writer literary critic and publisher director of the literary magazine André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Louis Aragon lwi aʁaˈgɔ̃ in French ( October 3, 1897 &ndash December 24, 1982) French Poet and Novelist This was his introduction to the Surrealist movement.
After a marital crisis, he travelled, returning to France in 1924. Year 1924 ( MCMXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His poems of this time reflect his difficulties during the period, in which he had another bout of tuberculosis and separated from Gala when she left him for Salvador Dalí. Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist
In 1934, he married Nusch (Maria Benz), a model of friends Man Ray and Pablo Picasso, who was considered somewhat of a mascot of the surrealist movement. Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nusch Éluard (born Maria Benz, 1906 - November 28, 1946) was a Performer, model and surrealist artist best Man Ray, born Emmanuel Radnitzky ( August 27 1890 &ndash November 18 1976) in Philadelphia PA and raised Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 During World War II, he was involved in the French Resistance. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German He battled also with his poems, such as his 1942 poem Liberty and Les sept poèmes d'amour en guerre (1944). Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His work was quite militant, yet simple.
He joined the French Communist Party in 1942,[1] which led to his break from the Surrealists, and he later eulogised Stalin in his political writings. The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Milan Kundera has recalled he was shocked when he heard of Paul Eluard's public approval of the hanging of Kundera's friend, the Prague writer Zavis Kalandra in 1950. Milan Kundera (ˈmɪlan ˈkundɛra (born April 1, 1929, in Brno, Czechoslovakia) is a French Writer of Czech Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [2]
Later life
His grief at the premature death of his wife Nusch in 1946 inspired the work "Le temps déborde" in 1947. Nusch Éluard (born Maria Benz, 1906 - November 28, 1946) was a Performer, model and surrealist artist best The principles of peace, self-government, and liberty became his new passion. He was part of the Congress of Intellectuals for Peace in Wroclaw in 1948, and persuaded Pablo Picasso to also participate. Wrocław (Breslau Vratislav Vratislavia or Wratislavia Yiddish: ברעסלוי) is the chief City of the historical region of Lower Silesia Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973
Eluard met his last wife, Dominique Laure, at the Congress of Peace in Mexico in 1949, and they married in 1951. He dedicated his work The Phoenix to her.
Paul Éluard died from a heart attack in November 1952. Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His funeral was held in Charenton-le-Pont, and organized by the Communist Party. Pablo Picasso was seated next to Dominique. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 "In fact," she said later, "it was Éluard who was a friend to Picasso, and the other way around only to the extent that Picasso was capable of friendship. " [3]
He is buried in Père Lachaise Cemetery. Père Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetière du Père-Lachaise officially cimetière de l'Est, "East Cemetery" is the largest Cemetery in the city of Paris
In Popular Culture
The poems in The Capital of Pain (Capitale de la Douleur) inspired the 1965 Jean-Luc Godard film Alphaville, une étrange aventure de Lemmy Caution. Jean-Luc Godard (French ʒɑ̃lyk gɔˈdaʀ (born on December 3 1930 is a French and Swiss Filmmaker and one of the founding members of the Nouvelle Vague Alphaville is a 1965 Black-and-white French Science fiction film directed by Jean-Luc Godard.
External links
- 24 poems in English translation
- Works not in translation
- Short biography and selected works
- Biography
- Works by Paul Éluard (public domain in Canada)
- La terre est bleue...
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