Pattani Kingdom - Citizendia

Patani (Pattani) is known to have been part of the ancient Srivijayan kingdom. Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. It then covered approximately the area of the modern Thai provinces of Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat and much of the northern part of modern Malaysia. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj Pattani ( Thai ปัตตานี is one of the southern provinces ( changwat) of Thailand. Yala (ยะลา is the southernmost province ( changwat) of Thailand. Narathiwat (นราธิวาส is one of the southern provinces ( changwat) of Thailand. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The King of Patani is believed to have been converted to Islam some time during the 11th century. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

Like many of the small kingdoms in Southeast Asian history, Pattani broke away from an older ancient state. Most did not have their own written language, enjoyed only short periods of real independence and have long since disappeared.

1 Early History
2 Patani and the Siamese Kingdom - Sukhothai
3 Patani and the Siamese Kingdom - Ayutthaya
4 Patani in the Bangkok Period
5 See also
6 Further reading

Early History

Approximate location of Pan Pan (Pattani?).

Further information: Pan Pan

Pattani became part of the Hindu-Buddhist Empire of Srivijaya, a maritime confederation based in Palembang. Pan Pan is a lost small Hindu Kingdom believed to have existed around 3rd-7th Century CE A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Srivijaya or Sriwijaya was an ancient Malay kingdom on the island of Sumatra, Southeast Asia which influenced much of the Malay Archipelago. Palembang is a city of 1286000 in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Srivijaya dominated trade in the South China Sea and exacted tolls on all traffic through the Straits of Malacca. Malay culture had substantial influence on the Khmer Empire, and the ancient city of Nakhon Pathom. Nakhon Pathom (นครปฐม is one of the central provinces ( changwat) of Thailand. Despite claims that the origins of the name Pattani means "this beach", it may been the same country known to the Chinese as Pan Pan. Pan Pan is a lost small Hindu Kingdom believed to have existed around 3rd-7th Century CE

Patani and the Siamese Kingdom - Sukhothai

In the 14th century, King Ramkhamhaeng the Great (c. Ramkhamhaeng (c 1239 &ndash 1317 aka Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช was the third king of the Phra Ruang dynasty ruling the 1239 - 1317) of Sukhothai (also known as Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng, Thai: พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช), occupied Nakhon Si Thammarat and its vassal states - including Pattani. Thai (th ภาษาไทย, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration:; pʰāːsǎːtʰāj is the national and Nakhon Si Thammarat (นครศรีธรรมราช (alternative English transliteration Nakhon Sri Thammarat from Pali Nagara Sri Dhammaraja) is a

Patani and the Siamese Kingdom - Ayutthaya

Patani 1837

The Thais conquered the isthmus during the thirteenth century. Their kingdom was a single unified state with Ayutthaya as a capital and many smaller vassal states under its control. Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, พระนครศรีอยุธยา aˡjutʰajaː also spelled "Ayudhya" city is the capital of Thus, they used a self-governing system whereby the vassal states and tributary provinces owed allegiance to the king of Ayutthaya, but otherwise ran their own affairs. Ayutthaya (full name Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, พระนครศรีอยุธยา aˡjutʰajaː also spelled "Ayudhya" city is the capital of

During much of the fifteenth century Ayutthaya's energies were directed toward the Malay Peninsula, especially the trading port of Malacca. The kingdom of Ayutthaya (อาณาจักรอยุธยา was a Thai kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767 The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Semenanjung Tanah Melayu (คาบสมุทรมลายู is a major Peninsula located in Southeast Ayutthaya's sovereignty extended over Malacca and the Malay states south of Tambralinga (Nakorn Sri Thammarat). The kingdom of Ayutthaya (อาณาจักรอยุธยา was a Thai kingdom that existed from 1351 to 1767 Tambralinga was an ancient Malay kingdom located on the Malay Peninsula that at one time came under the influence of Srivijaya. Ayutthaya helped to develop and stabilize the region, opening the way for the lucrative trade on the isthmus. This attracted Chinese merchants seeking specialty goods for the markets of China.

The sixteenth century witnessed the rise of Burma, which under an aggressive dynasty had overrun Chiang Mai and Laos and then made war on Ayutthaya. Chiang Mai (in Thai; locally (Kham Muang Jiang Mai also sometimes written as "Chiengmai" is the largest and most culturally significant Laos (ˈlɑːoʊs or /ˈlaʊs/ officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a Landlocked country in Southeast Asia, bordered by Burma In 1569 Burmese forces, joined by Siamese rebels, captured and looted the city of Ayutthaya, carrying the royal family into captivity in Burma. Dhammaraja (reigned 1569-90), a Siam provincial governor who had aided the Burmese, was installed as vassal king at Ayutthaya. Thai independence was later restored by his son, King Naresuan the Great (reigned 1590-1605), who rebelled against the Burmese and by 1600 had driven them from the country. Naresuan ( 1555, April 25 - 1605 also sometimes called Naret or the Black Prince or Sanpet II, สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช

Determined to prevent another act of treason like his father's, King Naresuan set about unifying the country's administration directly under the royal court at Ayutthaya. He ended the practice of nominating royal princes to govern Ayutthaya's provinces, assigning instead court officials who were expected to execute the policies handed down by the king. Thereafter, the royal princes were confined to the capital. Their power struggles continued, but were at court under the king's watchful eye. Even with King Naresuan's reforms, the power of the royal government over the next 150 years should not be overestimated. With the fall of Ayutthaya to the Burmese in 1569, Patani had become virtually independent.

Patani 1782

In the mid-17th century, however, Ratu Kuning (the Yellow Queen), believed to be the last of the four successive rulers of Pattani, died. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar Pattani went through decades of political chaos and conflict, suffering a gradual decline.

One hundred years later, Ayutthaya under King Ekatat (Boromaraja V) was faced with another the Burmese invasion. King Boromaracha v king of Siam (Sanskrit Paramaraja also known as Suriyas Amarin or Ekathat (Ekadashna means one-eyed สมเด็จพระเจ้าอยู่หัวพระที่นั่งสุริยาสน์อมรินทร์ Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar ( pjìdàunzṵ mjàmmà nàinŋàndɔ̀ is the largest country by geographical area in mainland Southeast Asia. This culminated in the fall and complete destruction of Ayutthaya in 1767. Siam was broken apart, Patani declared its independence.

General Taksin (later King Taksin) managed to defeat the Burmese and reunify the country, opening the way for the establishment of the Chakri dynasty by his successor, King Rama I. Taksin the Great (สมเด็จพระเจ้าตากสินมหาราช;; Teochew: Dênchao was born in April 17, 1734 The Chakri dynasty has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Ratthanakosin era in 1782 following the end of Taksin of Thonburi 's reign when the Posthumously Poramin Mahachakri Boromanat, Phra Buddha Yotfa Chulaloke (1736 - 1809 conventionally as Rama I. A resurgent and much stronger Siam, led by Prince Surasi (Vice-King Boworn Maha Surasinghanat), the younger brother of King Rama I, sought the submission of Pattani. Boworn Maha Surasinghanat (1743 - 1803 สมเด็จกรมพระราชวังบวร มหาสุรสิงหนาท was the first Vice-King of the

Patani in the Bangkok Period

A series of attempted rebellions prompted Bangkok to divide Pattani into seven smaller states during the reign of King Rama II. Bangkok, known in Thai as Krung Thep Maha Nakhon (krūŋtʰêːp máhǎːnákʰɔn) or Krung Thep ( for short is the Capital, largest Posthumously Poramen Maha Isarasundhorn, Phra Buddha Loetla Nabhalai (1767 - 1824 was the second monarch of the Chakri dynasty of Siam (1809 - 1824 Yala and Narathiwat remain separate provinces to this day.

Contents

Early History

Patani and the Siamese Kingdom - Sukhothai

Patani and the Siamese Kingdom - Ayutthaya

Patani in the Bangkok Period

See also

Further reading