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Patrick J. Michaels, Ph. D. , (born February 15, 1950) is a part-time research professor of Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia. Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Environmental science is the study of interactions among physical chemical and biological components of the environment. The University of Virginia (also called UVa, UVA, Mr Jefferson's University, or The University) is a highly selective public research He is a former university Climatologist for Virginia, a position he held from 1980 [1][2] until his resignation in 2007[3]. Climatology (from Greek grc κλίμα klima, "region zone" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of Climate, scientifically The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state His professional specialty was the influence of climate on agriculture. Climate encompasses the temperatures humidity rainfall atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorogical factors in a given region over long periods of Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture In interviews Michaels has said that he does not contest the basic scientific principles behind greenhouse warming and acknowledges that global mean temperature has increased in recent decades, though he is widely regarded in the media as a global warming skeptic [4][5][6][7][8] who contends that the changes will be minor, not catastrophic, and even beneficial in many cases. The global warming controversy is a dispute regarding the nature and consequences of Global warming. He has written extensive editorials on this topic for the mass media, and for think tanks and their publications such as Regulation[9]. A think tank (also called a policy institute) is an organization institute corporation or group that conducts Research and engages in advocacy in areas such

He is the author of several books including: Sound and Fury: The Science and Politics of Global Warming, 1992, Satanic Gases, as coauthor 2002, Meltdown: The Predictable Distortion of Global Warming by Scientists, Politicians and the Media, published by the Cato Institute, 2004, and Shattered Consensus: The True State of Global Warming as editor and coauthor, 2005. The Cato Institute is a Libertarian Think tank headquartered in Washington D

He has received financial support in research funding and consulting fees from the fossil-fuel energy industry. [10] He is a fellow of the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank, and edits the World Climate Report, published and funded by the not-for-profit organization Greening Earth Society created by the Western Fuels Association. The Cato Institute is a Libertarian Think tank headquartered in Washington D Libertarianism is a term used by a broad spectrum of political philosophies which prioritize individual Liberty and seek to minimize or even abolish the World Climate Report, a newsletter edited by Patrick Michaels, was produced by the Greening Earth Society, a non-profit organization created by the Western Fuels The Greening Earth Society is a Public relations organization which through its published materials promotes the idea that there is considerable scientific doubt about the

Contents

View on climate change

Michaels maintains that current and future warming will occur at the low end of the range IPCC assessments:

[S]cientists know quite precisely how much the planet will warm in the foreseeable future, a modest three-quarters of a degree (C) [in 50 years]
All this has to do with basic physics, which isn't real hard to understand. It has been known since 1872 that as we emit more and more carbon dioxide into our atmosphere, each increment results in less and less warming. In other words, the first changes produce the most warming, and subsequent ones produce a bit less, and so on. But we also assume carbon dioxide continues to go into the atmosphere at an ever-increasing rate. In other words, the increase from year-to-year isn't constant, but itself is increasing. The effect of increasing the rate of carbon dioxide emissions, coupled with the fact that more and more carbon dioxide produces less and less warming compels our climate projections for the future warming to be pretty much a straight line. Translation: Once human beings start to warm the climate, they do so at a constant rate. [11]

Attempted betting on global warming

Like global warming skeptics Richard Lindzen and William M. Gray, Michaels' World Climate Report offered in late 1998 "to wager that the 10-year period beginning in January 1998 and extending through December 2007 will show a statistically significant downward trend in the monthly satellite record of global temperatures. Richard Siegmund Lindzen, PhD (born February 8, 1940) is a Harvard trained atmospheric physicist and the Alfred P William M "Bill" Gray (born 1929 is a pioneer in the science of forecasting Hurricanes. "[12] After learning of the bet offer in 2005, climatologist James Annan attempted to accept World Climate Report's offer, but it was withdrawn. James Annan is a scientist involved in climate prediction He is a member of the Global Warming Research Program at Frontier Research Centre for Global Change which is associated

See also: Global_warming_controversy#Betting. The global warming controversy is a dispute regarding the nature and consequences of Global warming.

CFCs and ozone

Michaels has also engaged in the controversy concerning whether CFCs are a cause of ozone depletion in the stratosphere. The haloalkanes (also known as halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides) are a group of Chemical compounds consisting of Alkanes such as Methane Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related observations a slow steady decline of about 4 percent per decade in the total amount of Ozone in Earth's The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the Troposphere, and below the Mesosphere. In particular, he has criticised predictions of thinning of the ozone layer over the Arctic, and of increasing ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of the earth, in the absence of a phaseout CFC emissions. The Montreal Protocol of 1989 required such a phaseout. For other similarly-named agreements see Montreal Convention (disambiguation.

Although scientists generally considered the basis for the relationship between CFCs and the ozone layer to be settled by 1995, when the Nobel Prize for Chemistry was awarded to Paul Crutzen , Mario Molina, and Sherwood Rowland for their work that demonstrated physical mechanisms for the effects of CFCs on ozone depletion, Michaels persisted in advocating against the CFC phaseout as late as 2001. Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related observations a slow steady decline of about 4 percent per decade in the total amount of Ozone in Earth's The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Nobelpriset i kemi is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of Chemistry. Paul Jozef Crutzen (born December 3, 1933, Amsterdam) is a Dutch Nobel prize winning atmospheric chemist. José Mario Molina-Pasquel Henríquez (born March 19, 1943 in Mexico City) is a Mexican -born U Frank Sherwood Rowland (born June 28, 1927) is an American Nobel laureate and a professor of Chemistry at the University of California [13][14][15]

Intermountain Rural Electric Association controversy

In a July 27, 2006 ABC News report, it was revealed that a Colorado energy cooperative, the Intermountain Rural Electric Association, had given Michaels $100,000. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The report noted that the cooperative has a vested interest in opposing mandatory carbon dioxide caps. The wider context of the report concerned entities within the fossil fuel industry giving money to scientists in an effort to create a perception that there is a lack of consensus in the scientific community regarding global warming. [16] But Michaels has long been a skeptic of what he sees as environmental alarmism. He does not, however, deny the existence of anthropogenic global warming.

TASSC

Michaels was a member of the Advisory board of The Advancement of Sound Science Coalition, an organization later shown to have been founded by PR firm APCO Worldwide and funded by the Phillip Morris corporation to criticise scientific research inimical to the interests of tobacco companies and other corporations [1]. The Advancement of Sound Science Center (TASSC, formerly the Advancement of Sound Science Coalition is an industry-funded Lobby group which promotes the idea that environmental Altria Group Inc ( (previously named Philip Morris Companies Inc

State climatologist

In 2006, the Governor of Virginia, Timothy M. Kaine clarified that Virginia does not have an official state climatologist. Timothy Michael "Tim" Kaine (born February 26, 1958) is an American politician and the current Governor of Virginia. Former Gov. John Dalton had appointed Michaels to the position in 1980, but in 2000 the University of Virginia (rather than the state government) assumed responsibility for certification through the American Association of State Climatologists. The American Association of State Climatologists (AASC is a professional scientific organisation for Climatologists in the United States, which was founded in A letter sent to the University of Virginia by Secretary of the Commonwealth Katherine Hanley clarified that the Code of Virginia "does not provide for the governor to appoint a state climatologist. "[17]. Hanley made it clear that Michaels works for the university, not the state government. Michaels was asked to "avoid any conflict of interest or appearance thereof by scrupulously avoiding the use of the title of 'state climatologist' in connection with any outside activities or private consulting endeavors. "[18]. The American Association of State Climatologists (AASC) lists Michaels as State Climatologist at the University of Virginia and its State Climatology Office. [19] In late September 2007, Michaels and the head of the Environmental Sciences Department, Jay Zieman, confirmed that Michaels officially resigned as State Climatologist, but remains on the faculty of the University of Virginia as a part time research professor on leave. [20]

Critics

A number of prominent scientists have criticized Michaels' research conclusions. John Holdren of Harvard University told the U.S. Senate Republican Policy Committee, "Michaels is another of the handful of U. John P Holdren is the Teresa and John Heinz Professor of Environmental Policy at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives S. climate-change contrarians. . . He has published little if anything of distinction in the professional literature, being noted rather for his shrill op-ed pieces and indiscriminate denunciations of virtually every finding of mainstream climate science. " [21]

Climate scientist Tom Wigley, [22] a lead author of parts of the report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, is quoted in Ross Gelbspan's book The Heat is On[23]: "Michaels' statements on [the subject of computer models] are a catalog of misrepresentation and misinterpretation… Many of the supposedly factual statements made in Michaels' testimony are either inaccurate or are seriously misleading. Ross Gelbspan is an American writer and activist He has written two books relating to Global warming -- The Heat Is On (1997 and Boiling Point (2004 "[24]

Peter Gleick, a conservation analyst and president of the Oakland-based Pacific Institute, said: "Pat Michaels is not one of the nation's leading researchers on climate change. The Pacific Institute (full legal name the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development Environment and Security) is a non-profit research institute created in 1987 On the contrary, he is one of a very small minority of nay-sayers who continue to dispute the facts and science about climate change in the face of compelling, overwhelming, and growing evidence. "[25]

Selected publications

Science papers

Books

References

  1. ^ Kessler, Aaron. "State: Climatologist appointed by university", The Daily Progress (Charlottesville, VA), August 19, 2006. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-02-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor  "“The Code of Virginia does not provide for the governor to appoint a state climatologist,” [Secretary of the Commonwealth] Hanley wrote. “My office has been unable to find evidence that any governor since 1980 has made such an appointment. "" 
  2. ^ Santos, Carlos. "Climatologist request made", Richmond (VA) Times-Dispatch, August 19, 2006. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-02-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 138 - The Emperor Hadrian adopts Antoninus Pius, effectively making him his successor  ""Michaels, who has been the [University's] state climatologist since 1980, has come under fire after news reports last month said a Colorado utility raised at least $150,000 in donations and pledges to help him analyze other scientists' global-warming research. "" 
  3. ^ Michaels resigns as state climatologist. Cavalier Daily. The Cavalier Daily is the fully independent student-run Retrieved on 2008-05-01. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor.
  4. ^ Shnayerson, Michael (May 2007). A Convenient Untruth. Vanity Fair. Vanity Fair is an American magazine of Culture, Fashion, and Politics published by Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  5. ^ Global Warming – Responding to Global Warming Skeptics – Prominent Skeptics Organizations. Union of Concerned Scientists (2005-10-20). History The Union of Concerned Scientists was founded in 1969 by faculty and students of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, located in Cambridge Massachusetts Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  6. ^ DeWeese, Tom (2006-12-19). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. The Real Inconvenient Truth About Global Warming: Skeptics Have Valid Arguments. Capitalism Magazine. Capitalism Magazine is an online magazine dedicated to the advocacy of unregulated Capitalism, which is maintained by Mark Da Cunha Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  7. ^ Doughton, Sandi (2005-10-11). Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed The truth about global warming. The Seattle Times. The Seattle Times, one of two daily Newspapers serving Seattle Washington, United States, is the largest daily newspaper in the state of Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  8. ^ Sandell, Clayton; Bill Blakemore (2006-08-03). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. ABC News Reporting Cited As Evidence In Congressional Hearing On Global Warming. ABC News. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  9. ^ Michaels, Patrick; Paul C. Knappenberger, and Robert E. Davis (Fall 2000). The Way of Warming. Regulation. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  10. ^ Gelbspan, Ross (December 1995). Ross Gelbspan is an American writer and activist He has written two books relating to Global warming -- The Heat Is On (1997 and Boiling Point (2004 The Heat is On: The warming of the world's climate sparks a blaze of denial. Harpers Magazine. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  11. ^ Michaels, Patrick. "Posturing and reality on warming", Washington Times, 2003-10-16. The Washington Times is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published in Washington D Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Retrieved on 2008-04-19. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer  
  12. ^ Logic Goes Extinct As Press Overplays Overpeck. World Climate Report (December 28, 1998). World Climate Report, a newsletter edited by Patrick Michaels, was produced by the Greening Earth Society, a non-profit organization created by the Western Fuels Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  13. ^ Michaels, Patrick J. (2000-06-01). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected The Environmentalists of Summer. Heartland Institute. The Heartland Institute is an American libertarian / conservative Free market -oriented public policy Think tank based in Chicago Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  14. ^ Michaels, Patrick J. (2000-09-29). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. An October Environmental Surprise?. Cato Institute. The Cato Institute is a Libertarian Think tank headquartered in Washington D Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  15. ^ Michaels, Patrick J. (2001-03-01). Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Global warming: Watson indulges in scare tactics . . . again. Heartland Institute. The Heartland Institute is an American libertarian / conservative Free market -oriented public policy Think tank based in Chicago Retrieved on 2007-05-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV
  16. ^ Sandell, Clayton; Bill Blakemore. "ABC News Reporting Cited As Evidence In Congressional Hearing On Global Warming", ABC News, July 27, 2006. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  17. ^ Kessler, Aaron. "State: Climatologist appointed by university Michaels no longer Virginia official", The Daily Progress, August 19, 2006. The Daily Progress is the sole daily paper in the vicinity of Charlottesville, Virginia Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  18. ^ Szkotak, Steve. "Virginia asks state climatologist to limit use of title", Associated Press, WVEC, August 19, 2006. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio WVEC-TV is the ABC affiliate for the Hampton Roads area of Virginia, which includes Norfolk, Portsmouth, Newport News, Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.  
  19. ^ American Association of State Climatologists: Virginia. See also Michaels's UVA Dept. of Environmental Sciencesfaculty bio and the Virginia State Climatology Office.
  20. ^ Gibson, Bob (September 26, 2007). Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar dedicates a Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Former climatologist will pursue research work. The Daily Progress. The Daily Progress is the sole daily paper in the vicinity of Charlottesville, Virginia Retrieved on not found 4/18/08.
  21. ^ John P. Holdren (June 9, 2003). Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Comments by John P. Holdren on “The Shaky Science Behind the Climate Change Sense of the Congress Resolution” - US Senate Republican Policy Committee. Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.
  22. ^ American Geophysical Union (2003-07-07). The American Geophysical Union (or AGU) is a nonprofit organization of Geophysicists consisting of over 50000 members from over 135 countries Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death "Leading Climate Scientists Reaffirm View that Late 20th Century Warming Was Unusual and Resulted From Human Activity". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-05-27. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed
  23. ^ Gelbspan, Ross (August 1997). Ross Gelbspan is an American writer and activist He has written two books relating to Global warming -- The Heat Is On (1997 and Boiling Point (2004 The Heat is On. Perseus Books. ISBN 0201132958.  
  24. ^ Pacific Institute. The Pacific Institute (full legal name the Pacific Institute for Studies in Development Environment and Security) is a non-profit research institute created in 1987 "Science, Climate Change, and Censorship: The Pacific Institute, Patrick Michaels, and the science of climate change". Press release. A news release, media release, press release or press statement is a written or recorded Communication directed at members of the News Retrieved on 2007-05-16. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire.
  25. ^ Seth Slabaugh (November 18, 2003). Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Global warming speaker under fire. The Star Press. The Star Press is a morning edition news paper for Muncie Indiana and surrounding areas Retrieved on 2007-03-14. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice.

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