| Patricio Aylwin | |
31st President of Chile | |
|---|---|
| In office March 11, 1990 – March 11, 1994 | |
| Preceded by | Augusto Pinochet |
| Succeeded by | Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| Born | November 26, 1918 Viña del Mar, Chile |
| Nationality | Chilean |
| Political party | Christian Democrat |
| Spouse | Leonor Oyarzún |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
Patricio Aylwin Azócar (born November 26, 1918) was the first president of Chile after its return to democratic rule in 1990, following the military government of General Augusto Pinochet. Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 1425 BC - Thutmose III, Pharaoh of Egypt, dies (according to the Low Chronology of the 18th Dynasty Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (born June 24, 1942) is a Chilean politician and civil engineer. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Viña del Mar ( Spanish: "Vineyard of the Sea" also known locally as La Ciudad Jardín (Spanish "The Garden City" is a Chilean Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Christian Democratic Party of Chile ( Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Chile) is a Political party in Chile and governs as part of the Coalition Leonor Oyarzún Ivanovic was First Lady of Chile and is the wife of former President Patricio Aylwin. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Chilean transition to democracy (colloquially known in Chile as the Transición) began on September 11, 1980, when a Constitution establishing Augusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (November
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Early life
Aylwin was born in Viña del Mar, Chile to Miguel Aylwin and Laura Azócar, the eldest of five children. Viña del Mar ( Spanish: "Vineyard of the Sea" also known locally as La Ciudad Jardín (Spanish "The Garden City" is a Chilean Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the An excellent student, he enrolled in the Law School of the University of Chile where he became a lawyer, with the highest distinction, in 1943. He served as professor of administrative law, first at the University of Chile and then also at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. The Pontifical Catholic University of Chile (UC formerly PUC (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile is one of Chile 's oldest universities and one of the most prestigious He was also professor of civic education and political economy at the National Institute. Instituto Nacional (National Institute founded in August 10 1813 officially Liceo Ex A-0 - Instituto Nacional General José Miguel Carrera, is Chile
He is married to Leonor Oyarzun Ivanovic. Leonor Oyarzún Ivanovic was First Lady of Chile and is the wife of former President Patricio Aylwin. They have five children (his daughter Mariana worked as a minister in subsequent governments) and 14 grandchildren (among them, popular telenovela actress Paz Bascuñán). A telenovela is a limited-run Television serial Melodrama of the type made famous in Latin America.
Political career
Patricio Aylwin’s involvement in politics started in 1945, when he joined the Falange Nacional. This article is about the Spanish political party For the Lebanese Phalange see the Kataeb Party. Later he was elected president of the Falange and when that party became the Christian Democrats, he served seven terms as its president between 1958 and 1989. The Christian Democratic Party of Chile ( Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Chile) is a Political party in Chile and governs as part of the Coalition
In 1965 he was elected to the National Congress as a Senator. A senate is a Deliberative body, often the Upper house or chamber of a Legislature or Parliament. In 1971, he became the president of the Senate. During the government of Popular Unity, headed by Salvador Allende, he was also the president of his party, and he led the democratic opposition to Salvador Allende within and without Congress. Unidad Popular ( UP) ( English: "People's Unity" was a coalition of Political parties in Chile that stood behind the successful candidacy Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens (June 26 1908 – September 11 1973 was President of Chile from November 1970 until his death during the coup d'état of Salvador Isabelino Allende Gossens (June 26 1908 – September 11 1973 was President of Chile from November 1970 until his death during the coup d'état of He is credited, to some degree, with trying to find a peaceful solution to the country’s political crisis. Nonetheless, in 1973, only a week before the Chilean coup of 1973, he signed a congressional act asking the military to "help reestablish the rule of law". The Chilean coup d'état of 1973 is a landmark in the History of Chile and the Russo-American Cold War. This document, little noticed at the time, was later used as the main excuse for the uprising of the normally apolitical Chilean military.
Aylwin was president of the Christian Democrats until 1976, and after the death of the natural leader of the party, Eduardo Frei Montalva, in 1982, he led his party during one of the most difficult eras in Chilean history. The Christian Democratic Party of Chile ( Partido Demócrata Cristiano de Chile) is a Political party in Chile and governs as part of the Coalition Eduardo Nicanor Frei Montalva (1911&ndash1982 was a Chilean political figure and President of Chile from 1964 to 1970 Later he helped establish the Constitutional Studies Group of 24 to reunite the country's democratic sectors against the dictatorship. In 1979 he served as a spokesman in the group that opposed the plebiscite that approved a new constitution.
In 1982 Aylwin was elected vice president of the Christian Democrats. He was among the first to advocate acceptance of the Constitution as a reality in order to facilitate the return to democracy. The current Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a tightly controlled Plebiscite on September 11 1980 The Chilean transition to democracy (colloquially known in Chile as the Transición) began on September 11, 1980, when a Constitution establishing The opposition eventually met the legal standards imposed by the Pinochet regime and participated in the 1988 plebiscite.
In October 1988, Chileans voted in a presidential referendum to end General Pinochet's bid for 8 more years as president. Patricio Aylwin was at the center of the movement that defeated General Pinochet. After the plebiscite, he participated in negotiations that led the government and the opposition to agree on 54 constitutional reforms, thereby making possible a peaceful transition from 16 years of dictatorship to democracy.
Presidency
Patricio Aylwin was elected president of the Republic on December 14, 1989. A presidential election was held in Chile on 14 December 1989.
He led the reconstruction of Chile and the reconciliation of its people. Although Chile had officially become a democracy, the Chilean military remained highly powerful during the presidency of Aylwin, and the Constitution ensured the continued influence of Pinochet and his commanders. The current Political Constitution of the Republic of Chile, approved by Chilean voters in a tightly controlled Plebiscite on September 11 1980 This prevented his government from achieving many of the goals it had set out to achieve, such as the restructuring of the Constitutional Court and the reduction of Pinochet's political power. His administration did initiate direct municipal elections, the first of which were held in June 1992. In spite of the severe limits imposed on Aylwin's government by the Constitution, over four years it "altered power relations in its favor in the state, in civil society, and in political society. "[1]
Since leaving office in 1994, he has continued his lifelong commitment to promoting justice. In 1995, he was the catalyst for a United Nations summit on poverty. He is now president of the Corporation for Democracy and Justice, a non-profit organization he founded to develop approaches to eliminating poverty and to strengthen ethical values in politics.
Aylwin has received honorary degrees from universities in Australia, Canada, Colombia, France, Italy, Japan, Portugal, Spain, the United States, and from seven Chilean universities. In 1997 the Council of Europe awarded the North-South Prize to Aylwin and Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland, for their contributions to fostering human rights, democracy, and cooperation between Europe and Latin America. The Council of Europe (Conseil de l'Europe is the oldest International organisation working towards European integration, being founded in 1949 The North-South Prize is awarded annually by the North-South Centre of the Council of Europe to two public figures who are recognised for their deep commitment outstanding Mary Therese Winifred Robinson (Máire Mhic Róibín born 21 May 1944 was the first female President of Ireland, serving from 1990 to 1997 and the United Nations [2]
In 1998 he received the J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding. The Fulbright Program, including the Fulbright-Hays Program, is a program of grants for international educational exchange for scholars educators graduate
He is a member of the Club of Madrid. The Club of Madrid is an independent organization created for the purpose of promoting Democracy and change in the global community. [3]
References
- ^ Linz, Juan J. & Stepan, Alfred. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
- ^ The North South Prize of Lisbon. North-South Centre. Council of Europe. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
- ^ Home - Club of Madrid - Democracy that Delivers
External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Tomás Pablo | President of the Senate of Chile 1971-1972 | Succeeded by José Ignacio Palma |
| Preceded by Augusto Pinochet | President of Chile 1990-1994 | Succeeded by Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle |
| Party political offices | ||
| Preceded by Tomás Reyes | Falange Nacional President 1951-1952 | Succeeded by Tomás Reyes |
| Preceded by Narciso Irureta | Christian Democrat Party President 1973-1976 | Succeeded by Andrés Zaldívar |
| Preceded by Gabriel Valdés | Christian Democrat Party President 1989-1991 | Succeeded by Andrés Zaldívar |
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