Passion flower (Passiflora; syn. Disemma Labill.) is a genus of about 500 species of flowering plants in the family Passifloraceae. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The Malpighiales are a large order of Flowering plants included in the group named Eurosids I in the recent APG classification Passifloraceae is a family of Flowering plants, containing about 530 species classified in around 18 genera Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for Passiflora alata, the winged-stem passion flower, is a Vine which bears an edible type of passion fruit UserPolbot. --> Passiflora ampullacea is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora andina is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora anfracta is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora brachyantha is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family The Blue Passion Flower ( Passiflora caerulea) also known as the Common Passion Flower, is a Vine native to southern Brazil and Argentina UserPolbot. --> Passiflora deltoifolia is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora discophora is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family For the German pop group see Passion Fruit (band. Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is a plant cultivated commercially for UserPolbot. --> Passiflora eggersii is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family The Foetid Passion Flower or Stinking Passion Flower ( Passiflora foetida) also known as the Wild Maracuja or Running Pop, is a creeping UserPolbot. --> Passiflora harlingii is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora hirtiflora is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family Maypop ( Passiflora incarnata) also known as Purple passionflower, is a fast growing perennial vine with climbing or trailing stems UserPolbot. --> Passiflora indecora is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora jamesonii is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora jatunsachensis is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family Passiflora kermesina ( syn Passiflora raddiana DC) is a native Ornamental plant of Brazil, which is found in the Sweet granadilla (or sometimes called or spelled Grenadia) is one common name for Passiflora ligularis. UserPolbot. --> Passiflora linda is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora loxensis is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family Passiflora lutea ( Yellow passionflower) is a Flowering plant in the family Passifloraceae, native North America, in the eastern UserPolbot. --> Passiflora luzmarina is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora monadelpha is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora montana is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family Passiflora palenquensis is a flowering member of the Passifloraceae family The Giant Granadilla, Giant Tumbo or Badea (Spanish) Passiflora quadrangularis, is the largest of the passionfruits plants of the genus UserPolbot. --> Passiflora reflexiflora is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora roseorum is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora sanctae-barbarae is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora smilacifolia is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora sodiroi is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora sprucei is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora subpurpurea is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family Passiflora tarminiana is a Species of Passionfruit. The yellow fruits are edible and their resemblance to small straight bananas has given it the name UserPolbot. --> Passiflora telesiphe is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family UserPolbot. --> Passiflora trochlearis is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family Passiflora vitifolia is a species of Passiflora, native to southern Central America ( Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama UserPolbot. --> Passiflora zamorana is a species of Plant in the Passifloraceae family This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" Jacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière (1755&ndash1834 was a French botanist noted for his descriptions of the flora of Australia. A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Passifloraceae is a family of Flowering plants, containing about 530 species classified in around 18 genera They are mostly vines, with some being shrubs, and a few species being herbaceous. A vine is any plant of Genus Vitis (the Grape plants or by extension any similar climbing or trailing plant A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree A herbaceous plant (or in botanical use a Herb) is a Plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of For information about the fruit of the passiflora plant, see passionfruit. For the German pop group see Passion Fruit (band. Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is a plant cultivated commercially for
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Biology
Most decorative passifloras have a unique flower structure, which requires a large bee to effectively pollinate (see photos below). A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also Bees are flying Insects closely related to Wasps and Ants Bees are a Monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea Pollination in angiosperms and Gymnosperms is the process that transfers pollen grains, which contain the male Gametes (sperm to where the female In the American tropics, wooden beams are mounted very near passionfruit plantings to encourage Carpenter bees to nest. For the German pop group see Passion Fruit (band. Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is a plant cultivated commercially for Carpenter bees (the genus Xylocopa in the subfamily Xylocopinae) are large hairy bees distributed worldwide At the same time, the size and structure of flowers of different species of passiflora vary. Some species can be pollinated by hummingbirds and bumble bees, others by wasps, still others are self-pollinating. Hummingbirds are Birds in the family Trochilidae, and are endemic to the Americas. A bumblebee (or bumble bee) is any member of the Bee Genus Bombus, in the family Apidae; there are over 250 known species primarily A wasp is any Insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is neither a Bee nor Ant. Passiflora species are used as food plants by the larva of the moth, Cibyra serta and many Heliconiinae (longwing butterflies). A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example A moth is an Insect closely related to the Butterfly, both being of the order Lepidoptera. The Heliconiinae, commonly called heliconians or longwings, are a Subfamily of the Brush-footed butterflies ( family Nymphalidae A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a Notable among the latter are species like the Melpomene, Sara, and Rosina longwings. In Biology, a species is one of the basic units of Biological classification and a Taxonomic rank. The Sara Longwing ( Heliconius sara) is a Species of Neotropical heliconiid Butterfly found from Mexico to the
The bracts of Passiflora foetida are covered by hairs which exude a sticky fluid. In Botany, a bract is a modified or specialized Leaf. Bracts are ordinarily associated with reproductive structures (subtending Flowers Inflorescence The Foetid Passion Flower or Stinking Passion Flower ( Passiflora foetida) also known as the Wild Maracuja or Running Pop, is a creeping Many insects get stuck to this. Studies have suggested that this may be an adaptation similar to that seen in carnivorous plants. Carnivorous plants (sometimes called insectivorous plants) are Plants that derive some or most of their Nutrients (but not Energy) from trapping (Radhamani, et al)
Origin
The family Passifloraceae is found world wide, excluding Europe and Antarctica. Nine species are found in the USA. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Passion flowers are found from Ohio to the north, as far west as California and south to the Florida Keys. Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The Florida Keys are an Archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. Passion flowers are found in most of South America as well as China and Southern Asia (with 17 species), New Guinea, Australia (with four, possibly more species) and New Zealand with one monotypic member of the family. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National New Guinea, located just north of Australia, is the world's second largest island, having become separated from the Australian mainland when the area now known For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Monotypic is an adjective that refers to a taxonomic group with only one type: In Botany, "monotypic" means that a Taxon has only
Africa has many members of the family Passifloraceae, (the rather more primitive Adenia) but no Passiflora.
The purple fruited Passiflora edulis and the yellow fruited Passiflora edulis var. Purple is a general term for the range of shades of Color occurring between Red and Blue. For the German pop group see Passion Fruit (band. Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is a plant cultivated commercially for flavicarpa are widely grown in subtropical and tropical regions respectively, for their delicious fruits.
These forms of Passiflora edulis have been found to be different species. For the German pop group see Passion Fruit (band. Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is a plant cultivated commercially for They occur in different climate regions in nature and bloom at different times of day. The purple fruited species is self fertile and the yellow fruited species, despite claims to the contrary, is self sterile. It requires two clones for pollenization.
Cultivation
During Victorian times the flower (which in all but a few species lasts only one day) was very popular and many hybrids were created using P. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities caerulea and P. alata and other tropical species.
Hundreds of hybrids have been named and hybridizing is currently being done extensively for flowers, foliage and fruit. A number of species of Passiflora are cultivated outside their natural range (where some have become established) because of their beautiful flowers. The passion fruit or maracujá vine of commerce, Passiflora edulis, is cultivated extensively in the Caribbean and south Florida and South Africa for its fruit, which is used as a source of juice. For the German pop group see Passion Fruit (band. Passiflora edulis or passion fruit is a plant cultivated commercially for The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
Maypop (Passiflora incarnata), a common species in the southeastern US. Maypop ( Passiflora incarnata) also known as Purple passionflower, is a fast growing perennial vine with climbing or trailing stems This is a subtropical representative of this mostly tropical family. However, unlike the more tropical cousins, this particular species is hardy enough to withstand the cold down to -4°F (-20° C) before its roots die (it is native as far north as Pennsylvania and has been cultivated as far north as Boston and Chicago. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. ) The fruit is sweet, yellowish, and roughly the size of a chicken's egg; it enjoys some popularity as a native plant with few pests and edible fruit. As with other passifloras, it is the larval food of a number of butterfly species and is important to local wildlife. Carpenter bees figure as important pollinators of maypops.
Banana poka or Curuba (Passiflora tarminiana), originally from Central Brazil, is an invasive weed, especially on the islands of Hawaii, where it is spread by feral pigs eating the fruits. Passiflora tarminiana is a Species of Passionfruit. The yellow fruits are edible and their resemblance to small straight bananas has given it the name |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions WEED (1390 AM) is a Radio station broadcasting a Spanish format The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the A feral organism is one that has escaped from Domestication and returned partly or wholly to its wild state Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times It overgrows and smothers stands of endemic vegetation, mainly on roadsides. Endemism is the Ecological state of being unique to a place Endemic species are not naturally found elsewhere Its fruits are edible, but not as much sought-after as maracujá.
Chilean passiflora, (Passiflora pinnatistipula) grows in the Andes, from Venezuela to Chile, between 2500 and 3800 meters altitude, and in Coastal Central Chile, in where is an endangered vine from humid woody Chilean Mediterranean forests. The Andes form the world's longest exposed Mountain range. They lie as a continuous chain of highland along the western coast of South America. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the An endangered species is a population of an organism which is at risk of becoming Extinct because it is either few in numbers or threatened by changing environmental or predation
Many cool growing Passiflora from the Andes Mountains can be grown successfully for their beautiful flowers and fruit in cooler Mediterranean climates, such as the Monterey Bay and San Francisco in California and along the Western Coast of the U. This article is about the bay near Monterey CA For other uses see Monterey Bay Aquarium, California State University Monterey Bay The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. S. into Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
Most species have elongated fruit from two to eight inches long and an inch to two inches across depending upon the species or cultivar. P. pinnatistipula has a round fruit unusual in the Tacsonia group, which is typified by P. tarminiana and P. mixta with their elongated tubes and brightly red to rose colored petals.
Medical and entheogenic uses
Passiflora incarnata leaves and roots have a long history of use among Native Americans in North America. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States. Passiflora edulis and a few other species are used in Central and South America. The fresh or dried leaves are used to make an infusion, a tea that is used to treat insomnia, hysteria, and epilepsy, and is also valued for its painkilling properties. Insomnia is a symptom of a sleeping disorder characterized by persistent difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep despite the opportunity Hysteria in its colloquial use describes a state of Mind, one of unmanageable Fear or Emotional excesses Epilepsy is a common chronic Neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. [1] It has been found to contain beta-carboline harmala alkaloids which are MAOIs with anti-depressant properties. β- Carboline (9 H - pyrido[,4- b ] Indole) is an organic Amine that is the prototype of a class of compounds known The MAOI (Monoamine oxidase inhibitor Alkaloids found in Seeds of Peganum harmala (also known as Harmal or Monoamine oxidase inhibitors ( MAOIs) are a class of powerful antidepressant drugs prescribed for the treatment of depression. An antidepressant is a Psychiatric medication used for alleviating major depression or Dysthymia ('milder' depression The flower has only traces of these chemicals, but the leaves and the roots of some species contain more and have been used to enhance the effects of mind-altering drugs. Once dried, the leaves can also be smoked.
Passion flower also may be effective for anxiety disorder, but further studies are needed. [2]
The name
"Passion" does not refer to love, but to the Passion of Christ on the cross. Christ is the English term for the Greek ( Khristós) meaning "the anointed " In the 15th and 16th centuries, Spanish Christian missionaries discovered this flower and adopted its unique physical structures as symbols of Crucifixion. Crucifixion (from Latin crucifixio, noun of process crucifixio, from perfect passive participle crucifixus, fixed to a cross from For example: the radial filaments which can number more than a hundred and vary from flower to flower represent the Crown of Thorns. The ten petals and sepals represent the ten faithful apostles. The Twelve Apostles (Greek apostolos, "someone sent out" e The top 3 stigmata represent the 3 nails and the lower 5 anthers represent the 5 wounds. The flower has been given names related to this symbolism throughout Europe since that time. In Spain, it is known as Espina de Cristo (Christ's Thorn). Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. In Germany it was once known as Muttergottes-Schuzchen (Mother-of-God's Star). Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
In Israel they are referred to as clock-flower (שעונית). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. In Japan, they are known as clock plant (時計草 tokeisō?). For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics.
In North America they are also called the Maypop, the water lemon, and the wild apricot (after its fruit). Native Americans in the Tennessee area called it ocoee, and the Ocoee River and valley are named after it. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. The Toccoa River and Ocoee River are actually a single River that flows northwestward through the southern Appalachian Mountains of the southeastern
 A Passiflora vitifolia at the Smithsonian Castle |
 Passiflora caerulea with hand for comparison |
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 Passiflora sanguinolenta |
 P. foetida bud |
 Passiflora incarnata pollinated by Xylocopa virginica (a carpenter bee) |
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 Passiflora citrina |
 Passiflora picturata |
 Passiflora racemosa |
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 Passiflora serratifolia |
 Passiflora tulae |
 Passiflora xishuangbannaensis |
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 Passiflora 'Incense' is a decorative plant |
References
- Radhamani, TR, Sudarshana, L. Passiflora vitifolia is a species of Passiflora, native to southern Central America ( Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama For similar uses and terms see Smithsonian (disambiguation. The Smithsonian Institution Building, located on the National Mall in Passiflora kermesina ( syn Passiflora raddiana DC) is a native Ornamental plant of Brazil, which is found in the Passiflora alata, the winged-stem passion flower, is a Vine which bears an edible type of passion fruit The Blue Passion Flower ( Passiflora caerulea) also known as the Common Passion Flower, is a Vine native to southern Brazil and Argentina The Foetid Passion Flower or Stinking Passion Flower ( Passiflora foetida) also known as the Wild Maracuja or Running Pop, is a creeping The Foetid Passion Flower or Stinking Passion Flower ( Passiflora foetida) also known as the Wild Maracuja or Running Pop, is a creeping Maypop ( Passiflora incarnata) also known as Purple passionflower, is a fast growing perennial vine with climbing or trailing stems The common Eastern carpenter bee, Xylocopa virginica, is the Carpenter bee most often encountered in the eastern United States. Carpenter bees (the genus Xylocopa in the subfamily Xylocopinae) are large hairy bees distributed worldwide Passiflora lutea ( Yellow passionflower) is a Flowering plant in the family Passifloraceae, native North America, in the eastern Passiflora vitifolia is a species of Passiflora, native to southern Central America ( Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama , and Krishnan, R. 1995. Defence and carnivory: dual roles of bracts in Passiflora foetida. Journal of Biosciences 20: 657-664
External links
- Herb Teas and Old Remedies : Passion Flower (fr. with translator)
- The Passiflora Society International
- Passiflora online
- Passiflora edulis
- Passiflora Picture Gallery
- Chilean Passiflora pictures
- A list of Heliconius Butterflies and the Passiflora species their larvae consume
- Passion Flower Varieties and Pictures
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