A passenger ship is a ship whose primary function is to carry passengers. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size The category does not include cargo vessels which have accommodations for limited numbers of passengers, such as the ubiquitous twelve-passenger freighters once common on the seas in which the transport of passengers is secondary to the carriage of freight. A cargo ship or freighter is any sort of Ship or vessel that carries Cargo, goods and materials from one port to another The type does however include many classes of ships designed to transport substantial numbers of passengers as well as freight. Indeed, until recently virtually all ocean liners were able to transport mail, package freight and express, and other cargo in addition to passenger luggage, and were equipped with cargo holds and derricks, kingposts, or other cargo-handling gear for that purpose. An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule A ship's hold, in older Ships was below the Orlop deck, the lower part of the interior of a ship's hull, especially when considered as storage space as Only in more recent ocean liners and in virtually all cruise ships has this cargo capacity been eliminated. An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience

While typically passenger ships are part of the merchant marine, passenger ships have also been used as troopships and often are commissioned as naval ships when used as for that purpose. A troopship (also troop ship or troop transport or trooper) is a Ship used to carry Soldiers either in peacetime or wartime A naval ship is a Ship (or sometimes Boat, depending on classification used for combat purposes commonly by a Navy.

Contents 1 Types 2 Measures of size 3 List of largest passenger ships of their time 4 References 5 See also

Types

Passenger ships include ferries, which are vessels for day or overnight short-sea trips moving passengers and vehicles (whether road or rail); ocean liners, which typically are passenger or passenger-cargo vessels transporting passengers and often cargo on longer line voyages; and cruise ships, which typically transport passengers on round-trips, in which the trip itself and the attractions of the ship and ports visited are the principal draw. See also Merchant ship A ferry is a form of transport usually a Boat or Ship, used to carry (or ferry) passengers and

An ocean liner is the traditional form of passenger ship. Once such liners operated on scheduled line voyages to all inhabited parts of the world. With the advent of airliners transporting passengers and specialized cargo vessels hauling freight, line voyages have almost died out. But with their decline came an increase in sea trips for pleasure, and in the latter part of the 20th century ocean liners gave way to cruise ships as the predominant form of large passenger ship. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on

Although some ships have characteristics of both types, the design priorities of the two forms are different: ocean liners value speed and traditional luxury while cruise ships value amenities (swimming pools, theaters, ball rooms, casinos, sports facilities, etc. ) rather than speed. These priorities produce different designs. In addition, ocean liners typically were built to cross the Atlantic Ocean between Europe and the United States or travel even further to South America or Asia while cruise ships typically serve shorter routes with more stops along coastlines or among various islands. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the

For a long time cruise ships were never as large as the old ocean liners had been, but in the 1980s this changed when Knut Kloster, the director of Norwegian Caribbean Lines, bought one of the biggest surviving liners, the SS France, and transformed her into a huge cruise ship, which he renamed the SS Norway. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL is a company operating Cruise ships headquartered in Miami, Florida. Characteristics The SS France was the French Line Flagship from 1961 to 1974 combining regular Transatlantic crossings - six days and nights - with Her success demonstrated that there was a market for large cruise ships. Successive classes of ever-larger ships were ordered, until the Cunard liner Queen Elizabeth was finally dethroned from her 56-year reign as the largest passenger ship ever built. Cunard Line is a British shipping company operator of the Ocean liners RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' ( QE2) RMS ''Queen Mary 2'' ( Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out

Both the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 (QE2) (1969) and her successor as Cunard's flagship RMS Queen Mary 2 (QM2), which entered service in 2004, are of hybrid construction. Royal Mail Ship (sometimes Steam-ship, Steamer) usually seen in its abbreviated form RMS, is the Ship prefix used for seagoing vessels that Characteristics The ship has a and is 963 ft (294 m long She had a top speed of using her original steam turbine powerplant which was increased to when she was re-engined Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings Like transatlantic ocean liners, they are fast ships and strongly built to withstand the rigors of the North Atlantic in line voyage service,^[1] but both ships are also designed to operate as cruise ships, with the amenities expected in that trade. The term transatlantic refers to something occurring all the way across the Atlantic Ocean. An ocean liner is a ship designed to transport people from one Seaport to another along regular long-distance Maritime routes according to a schedule QM2 superseded the Explorer of the Seas of the Royal Caribbean line as the largest passenger ship ever built, and in turn was surpassed by Royal Caribbean's cruise ship Freedom of the Seas. Activities include Rock climbing wall Roller skating Nine-hole Miniature golf course Ping-Pong Royal Caribbean International () is a Norwegian / American Cruise line company based in Miami Florida. "Freedom of the Seas" redirects here For the concept in international and admiralty law see Freedom of the seas, and for the play and film of this title see The latter ship, and her sisters, will in turn be superseded by ships of the Oasis Class scheduled for delivery starting in 2009. Construction The Oasis class will surpass the earlier Freedom Class as the world's largest passenger ships ^[2]

Measures of size

By convention and long usage, the size of civilian passenger ships is measured by gross tonnage, which is a measure of enclosed volume. Tonnage is a measure of the size or Cargo capacity of a Ship. Gross tonnage is not a measure of weight, although the two concepts are often confused. Weight is measured by displacement, which is the conventional means of measuring naval vessels. In Fluid mechanics, displacement occurs when an object is immersed in a Fluid, pushing it out of the way and taking its Often a passenger ship is stated to "weigh" or "displace" a certain "tonnage", but the figure given nearly always refers to gross tons.

While a high displacement can indicate better sea keeping abilities,^[3] gross tonnage is promoted as the most important measure of size for passengers, as the ratio of gross tonnage per passenger – the Passenger/Space Ratio – gives a sense of the spaciousness of a ship, an important consideration in cruise liners where the onboard amenities are of high importance. ^[4][5]

Gross tonnage normally is a much higher value than displacement. This was not always the case; as the functions, engineering and architecture of ships have changed, the gross tonnage figures of the largest passenger ships have risen substantially, while the displacements of such ships have not. RMS Titanic, with a gross tonnage of 46,329, but a displacement reported at over 52,000 tons,^[6] was heavier than contemporary 100,000 – 110,000 gross ton cruise ships which displace only around 50,000 tons. Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience Similarly, the Cunard Line's RMS Queen Mary and RMS Queen Elizabeth, of approximately 81,000 – 83,000 gross tons, but displacements of over 80,000 tons,^[7] do not differ significantly in displacement from their new 148,528 gross ton successor, RMS Queen Mary 2, which has been estimated to displace approximately 76,000 tons, ^[8] or from the even newer 154,407 gross ton MS Freedom of the Seas,^[9] which is also estimated to displace in the range of 75 – 80,000 tons. Cunard Line is a British shipping company operator of the Ocean liners RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' ( QE2) RMS ''Queen Mary 2'' ( Naming and construction With Germany launching their and into service the British did not want to be left out in this ship building race Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings "Freedom of the Seas" redirects here For the concept in international and admiralty law see Freedom of the seas, and for the play and film of this title see ^[10] Indeed, not until the 2009 launch of the first of the Oasis Class ships, which is projected to displace about 100,000 tons,^[11] will there be a passenger ship which clearly surpasses the Cunard Queens of the 1930s in displacement. Construction The Oasis class will surpass the earlier Freedom Class as the world's largest passenger ships The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression.

However, by the conventional and historical measure of gross tonnage, there has been a recent dramatic increase in the size of the largest new ships. The Oasis class ships will measure 220,000 gross tons, over four times larger than Titanic and twice as large as the largest cruise ships of the late 1990s. A cruise ship or cruise liner is a Passenger ship used for pleasure voyages where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities are part of the experience

List of largest passenger ships of their time

Year	Name	Gross tonnage	Company	Country
1819	SS Savannah	320 BRT	Savannah Steamship Company	United States
1831	SS Royal William	540 BRT	St. Tonnage is a measure of the size or Cargo capacity of a Ship. The SS Savannah was the first ship to cross the Atlantic Ocean using Steam engines on the voyage The United States of America —commonly referred to as the John & Halifax Steam Navigation Company	Canada
1838	SS Great Western	1,340 BRT	Great Western Steamship Company	United Kingdom
1839	SS British Queen	1,862 BRT	British & American Steam Navigation Company	United Kingdom
1840	SS President	2,366 BRT	British & American Steam Navigation Company	United Kingdom
1845	SS Great Britain	3,270 BRT	Great Western Steamship Company	United Kingdom
1853	SS Himalaya	3,438 BRT	P & O Steam Navigation Company Ltd. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Origins Isambard Kingdom Brunel 's idea was that steam would replace sail power on the regularly-scheduled trans-Atlantic "packet boat" services which had The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The steamship SS British Queen was a side-paddle steamship owned by the British and American Steam Navigation Company and purposely built for the Atlantic crossing History The SS Great Britain was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel, Thomas Guppy, Christopher Claxton and William Patterson Design and construction Himalaya had been planned as a paddle steamer but that design was becoming outdated and she was altered to screw propulsion while she was still	United Kingdom
1853	SS Atrato	3,466 BRT	Royal Mail Line Ltd. The Royal Mail Steam Packet Company was a British shipping company founded in London in 1839 by Scot James Macqueen	United Kingdom
1857	SS Adriatic	4,145 BRT	New York & Liverpool United States Mail S. SS Adriatic was the first of two White Star Line Ocean liners which carried this name S. Co. (Collins)	United States
1858	SS Great Eastern	18,915 BRT	Eastern Steam Navigation Company	United Kingdom
1867	RMS Republic (after loss of Great Eastern)	4,352 BRT	Pacific Mail Steamship Company Inc. History Concept After the Great Exhibition of 1851 which had publicized Australia's wealth and natural resources waves of people were eager to emigrate from	United States
1871	RMS Egypt	4,670 BRT	National Line Ltd.	United Kingdom
1873	RMS City of Chester	4,770 BRT	Inman Line Ltd. The Inman & International Steamship Company, better known colloquially as the Inman Line, was one of the three largest British passenger	United Kingdom
1874	RMS Britannic	5,008 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. Britannicjpg|right|thumb| Britannic and Germanic 2x4 carte de visite circa 1870 The Oceanic Steam Navigation Company or White Star Line of Boston Packets, more commonly known as the White Star Line, was a prominent British Shipping	United Kingdom
1875	SS City of Berlin	5,526 BRT	Inman Line Ltd.	United Kingdom
1881	SS Servia	7,391 BRT	Cunard Line	United Kingdom
1881	SS City of Rome	8,415 BRT	Inman Line	United Kingdom
1888	SS City of New York	10,499 BRT	Inman Line	United Kingdom
1893	RMS Campania	12,950 BRT	Cunard Line	United Kingdom
1893	RMS Lucania	12,952 BRT	Cunard Line	United Kingdom
1897	SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Große	14,349 BRT	Norddeutscher Lloyd	Germany
1899	RMS Oceanic	17,274 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. SS Servia was a 2-funnel Ocean liner built by John Brown and Company, Clydebank, Scotland, for the Cunard Line. Cunard Line is a British shipping company operator of the Ocean liners RMS ''Queen Elizabeth 2'' ( QE2) RMS ''Queen Mary 2'' ( History When the Inman Line was purchased by the International Navigation Company, who already owned the Red Star Line and the American Line, they Power plant and construction Campania and Lucania were partly financed by the British Admiralty. Power Plant and Construction and Lucania were partly financed by the British Admirality. Career She was built by Vulcan shipyards in Stettin and launched on 4 May 1897 Hapag-Lloyd is a German transportation company comprising a cargo container Shipping line Hapag-Lloyd Container Line, and a cruise Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Beginning The Keel was laid in 1897, and the ship was built under the supervision of its designer Thomas Ismay, the shipwright and owner of the	United Kingdom
1901	RMS Celtic	21,035 BRT	White Star Line Ltd.	United Kingdom
1905	SS Amerika	22,225 BRT	Hapag	Germany
1905	RMS Baltic	23,876 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. SS Amerika Amerika — a steel-hulled twin-screw steam passenger liner— was launched on 20 April 1905 at Belfast, Northern	United Kingdom
1906	SS Kaiserin Auguste Victoria	24,581 BRT	Hapag	Germany
1907	RMS Lusitania	31,550 BRT	Cunard Line Ltd. Construction and trials Owned by the Cunard Steamship Company built by John Brown and Company Lusitania was named for the ancient Roman province of	United Kingdom
1907	RMS Mauretania	31,938 BRT	Cunard Line Ltd.	United Kingdom
1911	RMS Olympic	45,234 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. History J Bruce Ismay, the chairman of White Star Line, and William Pirrie, the chairman of Harland and Wolff Shipyard	United Kingdom
1912	RMS Titanic	46,329 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. Construction The Titanic was a White Star Line ocean liner built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland	United Kingdom
1912	RMS Olympic (after loss of Titanic and refit)	46,439 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. History J Bruce Ismay, the chairman of White Star Line, and William Pirrie, the chairman of Harland and Wolff Shipyard	United Kingdom
1913	SS Imperator	52,117 BRT	Hapag	Germany
1914	SS Vaterland	54,282 BRT	Hapag	Germany
1914	SS Bismarck	56,551 BRT	Hapag	Germany
1922	RMS Majestic (ex Bismarck)	56,551 BRT	White Star Line Ltd. History The first plates of her Keel were laid in 1910 at the Vulcan Shipyards in Hamburg, and she made her maiden voyage in 1913 Note "SS Leviathan" was also an early name for the 19th century ship launched as the SS Great Eastern. Construction and handover The Majestic was built by the Blohm & Voss shipbuilders in Hamburg, Germany and was launched on 20 June Construction and handover The Majestic was built by the Blohm & Voss shipbuilders in Hamburg, Germany and was launched on 20 June	United Kingdom
1935	SS Normandie	79,280 BRT	Compagnie Générale Transatlantique S. Origin The beginnings of Normandie can be traced to the Roaring Twenties when shipping companies started to look for new ships to replace the aging veterans The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (shortened to " CIE A.	France
1940	RMS Queen Elizabeth	83,673 BRT	Cunard-White Star Ltd. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out	United Kingdom
1971	SS Seawise University (ex Queen Elizabeth)	83,673 BRT	Orient Overseas Container Line	Hong Kong
1972	SS France (after loss of Normandie (1942), Queen Mary (1967), and Seawise University)	66,343 BRT	Compagnie Générale Transatlantique	France
1984	SS Norway (ex France)	70,202 BRT	Norwegian Cruise Line	Norway/United States
1988	MS Sovereign of the Seas	73,192 BRT	Royal Caribbean International	Norway/United States
1990	SS Norway (after reconstruction)	76,049 BRT	Norwegian Cruise Line	Norway/United States
1996	MS Carnival Destiny	101,509 BRZ	Carnival Cruise Line Inc. Maiden voyage At the start of World War II the Queen Elizabeth had been launched and was still in the process of fitting out Orient Overseas Container Line (OOCL is a Hong Kong -based container shipping and logistics service company Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Characteristics The SS France was the French Line Flagship from 1961 to 1974 combining regular Transatlantic crossings - six days and nights - with The Compagnie Générale Transatlantique (shortened to " CIE Characteristics The SS France was the French Line Flagship from 1961 to 1974 combining regular Transatlantic crossings - six days and nights - with Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL is a company operating Cruise ships headquartered in Miami, Florida. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Royal Caribbean International () is a Norwegian / American Cruise line company based in Miami Florida. Characteristics The SS France was the French Line Flagship from 1961 to 1974 combining regular Transatlantic crossings - six days and nights - with Norwegian Cruise Line (NCL is a company operating Cruise ships headquartered in Miami, Florida. Itinerary changes Currently Carnival Destiny offers 7-day Southern Caribbean cruises from San Juan Puerto Rico. Carnival Cruise Lines is a Cruise line operating a large number of Cruise ships.	United States
1997	MS Grand Princess	108,865 BRZ	P & O Princess Cruises Ltd.	United Kingdom/United States
1999	MS Voyager of the Seas	137,276 BRT	Royal Caribbean International	Norway/United States
2000	MS Explorer of the Seas	137,308 BRT	Royal Caribbean International	Norway/United States
2004	RMS Queen Mary 2	148,528 BRT	Cunard Line Ltd. Onboard Voyager of the Seas Voyager of the Seas is commonly referred to as a 'Floating hotel' due to the vast range of cutting edge facilities that it offers to cater for all Royal Caribbean International () is a Norwegian / American Cruise line company based in Miami Florida. Activities include Rock climbing wall Roller skating Nine-hole Miniature golf course Ping-Pong Characteristics The Queen Mary 2 is the current Cunard Flagship and makes regular Transatlantic crossings	United Kingdom
2006	MS Freedom of the Seas	154,407 GT	Royal Caribbean International	Norway/United States
2007	MS Liberty of the Seas and MS Freedom of the Seas	154,407 GT	Royal Caribbean International	Norway/United States
2008	MS Independence of the Seas	154,407 GT	Royal Caribbean International	Norway/United States

The Great Eastern of 1858 was not superseded in gross tonnage until 1901. "Freedom of the Seas" redirects here For the concept in international and admiralty law see Freedom of the seas, and for the play and film of this title see Staterooms All rooms on board the Liberty of the Seas feature a private bathroom multiple configuration beds closets a flat-screen television 250- count bedsheets "Freedom of the Seas" redirects here For the concept in international and admiralty law see Freedom of the seas, and for the play and film of this title see Staterooms The ship has a range of accommodation with prices and facilities depending on the location within the ship She was converted to a cable laying ship after only a few voyages as a passenger ship.

References

• Durand, Jean-François. Autour du Monde Paquebots. Cruise ships around the world. Editions marines, 1996. [bilingual text]
• Marin, Pierre-Henri. Les paquebots, ambassadeurs des mers. Paris: Gallimard, 1989.

See also

• Merchant ship
• Zemships

A merchant vessel is a Ship that transports Cargo and Passengers during peace time The project Zemships (Zero Emissions Ships is developing a 100 person Hydrogen passenger Ship, power-assisted by an Electric motor that gets its Electricity

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