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Parley P. Pratt
Full name Parley Parker Pratt
Born April 12, 1807(1807-04-12)
Place of birth Burlington, New York
Died May 13, 1857 (aged 50)
Place of death Van Buren, Arkansas
LDS Church Apostle
Called by Three Witnesses
Ordained February 21, 1835 (aged 27)
Reason for ordination Initial organization of Quorum of the Twelve
End of term May 13, 1857 (aged 50)
Reason for end of term Death
Reorganization at end of term George Q. Cannon ordained

Parley Parker Pratt (12 April 1807 – 13 May 1857) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of Quorum of the Twelve Apostles from 1835 until his murder in 1857. Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Burlington is a Town in Otsego County, New York, USA. The population was 1085 at the 2000 census New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Van Buren (væn ˈbjʊərən is the second largest city in the Fort Smith Arkansas-Oklahoma Statistical Area and the County seat of Crawford County, Arkansas ( is a state located in the southern region of the United States. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known The Three Witnesses were a group of three early leaders of the Latter Day Saint movement who signed a statement in 1830 saying that an Angel had shown them Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the George Quayle Cannon ( January 11, 1827 &ndash April 12, 1901) was an early member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Events 467 - Anthemius is elevated to Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Year 1807 ( MDCCCVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common He served in the Quorum with his younger brother, Orson Pratt. Orson Pratt ( September 19, 1811 &ndash October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the He was a missionary, poet, religious writer and longtime editor of the religious publication The Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star. Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star (usually shorted to Millennial Star) was the longest continuously published periodical of The Church of Jesus Scenic Parley's Canyon in Salt Lake City, earlier known as Big Canyon, was renamed in his honor. Parley's Canyon is a canyon located in the US state of Utah. It is accessed by Interstate 80 and is a relatively wide straight canyon Salt Lake City is the Capital and the most populous city of the U

Pratt practiced plural marriage and had twelve wives. One great great grandson is Mitt Romney, former Massachusetts governor and suspended candidate for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination. Mitt Romney was a Republican Party primary candidate in the 2008 United States presidential election. [1]

Contents

Biography

Youth

Parley Pratt was born in Burlington, New York, the son of Jared and Charity Dickenson Pratt. Burlington is a Town in Otsego County, New York, USA. The population was 1085 at the 2000 census New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous He married Thankful Halsey in Canaan, New York on 9 September 1827. Canaan is a Town in Columbia County, New York, United States. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The young couple settled near Cleveland, Ohio on a plot of "wilderness" where Parley had constructed a crude home. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads In Ohio, Pratt became a member of the Reformed Baptist Society, also called Campbellites, through the preaching of Sidney Rigdon. Campbellite refers to any of the religious groups historically descended from the Restoration Movement, a religious reform movement in the early 19th century in the United Campbellite refers to any of the religious groups historically descended from the Restoration Movement, a religious reform movement in the early 19th century in the United Sidney Rigdon ( 19 February 1793 – 14 July 1876) was an important figure in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement. Pratt soon decided to take up the Campbellite ministry as a profession, and sold his property.

LDS Church service

While traveling to visit family in western New York, Pratt had the opportunity to read a copy of the Book of Mormon owned by a Baptist deacon. The Book of Mormon is a Sacred text of the churches in the Latter Day Saint movement. Deacon is a role in the Christian Church that is generally associated with service of some kind but which varies among theological and denominational traditions Convinced of its authenticity, he traveled to Palmyra, New York and spoke to Hyrum Smith at the Smith home. Palmyra is a Town in Wayne County, New York, USA. The population was 7672 at the 2000 census For others named Hyrum Smith see Hyrum Smith (disambiguation Hyrum Smith ( February 9, 1800 – June 27, 1844 He was baptized in Seneca Lake by Oliver Cowdery on or about 1 September 1830, formally joining the Latter Day Saint church (Mormons). Seneca Lake, one of western New York 's glacial Finger Lakes, is the largest finger lake Oliver Hervy Pliny Cowdery ( 3 October 1806 – 3 March 1850) was the primary participant with Joseph Smith Jr Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display See also Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (disambiguation The Church of Christ, later called Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, was the TalkMormon#Latter Day Saint vs Latter-day Saint --> Mormon He was also ordained to the office of an elder in the church. Elder is a priesthood office in the Melchizedek Priesthood of denominations within the Latter Day Saint movement, including The Church of Jesus Christ Continuing on to his family's home, he introduced his younger brother, Orson Pratt, to Mormonism and baptized him on 19 September 1830. Orson Pratt ( September 19, 1811 &ndash October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display

Pratt then returned to Fayette, New York in October 1830, where he met Joseph Smith and was asked to join a missionary group assigned to preach to the Native American (Lamanite) tribes on the Missouri frontier. Fayette is a Town in Seneca County, New York, United States. The population was 3643 at the 2000 census The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church is one of the most active modern practitioners of Missionary work with over 50000 full-time missionaries Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States According to the The Book of Mormon, a Lamanite is a member of one of four main groups described in the book Missouri ( or) is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee During the trip west, he and his companions stopped to visit Sidney Rigdon, and were instrumental in converting Rigdon and approximately 130 members of his congregation within two to three weeks. Sidney Rigdon ( 19 February 1793 – 14 July 1876) was an important figure in the early history of the Latter Day Saint movement.

Pratt was later assigned additional missions to Canada, the Eastern United States, the Southern United States, England, the Pacific Islands, and to South America. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Eastern Half of The United States, the American East, or simply the East is traditionally defined as the states east of the Mississippi River. The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20000 to 30000 Islands (the exact number has yet to be precisely determined South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a He moved to Valparaiso, Chile to begin the missionary work there. Valparaíso (literally in Spanish: Valle Paraíso (Paradise Valley and also called "Valpo" locally is a major city in Chile They left after not much success and the death of his child Omner in 1852. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year In addition to his brother, Orson Pratt and Sidney Rigdon, he was instrumental in introducing the Mormon faith to a number of future LDS leaders, including Frederick G. Williams, John Taylor and his wife Leonora, Isaac Morley and Joseph Fielding and his sisters, Mary and Mercy Fielding. Orson Pratt ( September 19, 1811 &ndash October 3, 1881) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of the Frederick Granger Williams (1787&ndash1842 was a leader in the early Latter Day Saint movement and served in the First Presidency as Second Counselor to church John Taylor ( November 1, 1808 &ndash July 25, 1887) was the third president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints Isaac Morley ( March 11, 1786 – June 24, 1865) was an early member of the Latter Day Saint movement and a contemporary of both Joseph Fielding ( March 26 1797 — December 19 1863) was an early leader of the Latter Day Saint movement. Mary Fielding Smith Kimball (1801 - 1852 was an early member of the Latter Day Saint movement, the second wife of LDS Church leader Hyrum Smith and the mother of

In addition to serving as an active missionary, Pratt entered the leadership of the early Latter Day Saint movement acting as an original member of the Quorum of Twelve Apostles. Please see the talk page for this article and the "See also" list before adding content or adding a hyphen to Latter Day Saint In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council While on a mission to the British Isles in 1839, Pratt was editor of a newly created periodical, The Latter-day Saints' Millennial Star. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally Latter-day Saints’ Millennial Star (usually shorted to Millennial Star) was the longest continuously published periodical of The Church of Jesus While presiding over the church's branches and interests in New England and the mid-Atlantic states, Pratt published a periodical entitled The Prophet from his headquarters in New York City. The City of New York He was also a noted religious writer and poet. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" He produced an autobiography, as well as some poems which have become staple LDS hymns, some of which are included in the current LDS Church hymnal. This article is about LDS church hymns in general for the book see Hymns of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (1985 book The singing of Hymns This article is about the named book (hymnal specifically For general information about said church hymns see The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints hymns.

After the death of Joseph Smith, Pratt and his family were among the Latter Day Saints who emigrated to Utah Territory and continued on as The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) under the direction of Brigham Young. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the fourth largest Christian denomination in the United States and the largest and most well-known Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. Pratt was involved in establishing the refugee settlements and fields at both Garden Grove and Mt. Pisgah, Iowa and personally led a pioneer company along the Mormon Trail to the Salt Lake Valley. Garden Grove is a city in Decatur County, Iowa, United States. Mount Pisgah was a semi-permanent settlement or way station from 1846 to 1852 along the Mormon Trail between Garden Grove and Council Bluffs. The Mormon Sometime in the mid 1850s, working with George D. Watt, he helped develop the Deseret alphabet. George Darling Watt (1815– October 24, 1881) was the first convert to Mormonism baptized in the British Isles. The Deseret alphabet (𐐼𐐯𐑅𐐨𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐰𐑊𐑁𐐩𐐺𐐯𐐻 or 𐐼𐐯𐑆𐐲𐑉𐐯𐐻 𐐰𐑊𐑁𐐲𐐺𐐯𐐻 is a phonetic Alphabet In 1854, Pratt went to California to preside over the Pacific Mission of the LDS Church headquartered in San Francisco. This article is about a geographical administrative area within the LDS Church

Death

Parley P. Pratt's grave
Parley P. Pratt's grave

On a preaching mission in the southern United States in 1857, Pratt was being tracked by Hector McLean, who was upset with Pratt for marrying his legal wife Eleanor McLean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Pratt had met Eleanor a few years earlier in San Francisco, California, and she later left Hector and moved to Utah where she married Pratt. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city [2] Though for religious reasons she considered herself "unmarried", Eleanor was not legally divorced from Hector at the time of her Celestial marriage to Pratt. Celestial marriage (also called the New and Everlasting Covenant and Eternal Marriage) is a doctrine unique to Mormonism, particularly The Church of [3]

McLean pressed criminal charges, accusing Pratt of coming between him and his legal wife. Pratt managed to evade him and the legal charges, but was finally arrested in Indian Territory (now Oklahoma). The Indian Territory, also known as The Indian Country, The Indian territory or the Indian territories, was land set aside within the United States Oklahoma ( is a state located in the South Central region of the United States of America. He was tried before Judge John B Ogden, but was only charged with stealing children's clothes. John B Ogden ( 3 July 1812 Cumberland County New Jersey - died after 1889 probably Crawford County Arkansas) was an Arkansas judge He had helped his wife Eleanor retrieve her children who had been taken from her by McLean. Judge Ogden acquitted Pratt of the charges against him and released him. (Pratt was exonerated by the court because the laws of that time did not recognize the kidnapping of children by the non-custodial parent as a crime. ) However, shortly afterward, on 13 May 1857, he was killed by Hector McLean on a farm northeast of Van Buren, Arkansas. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Van Buren (væn ˈbjʊərən is the second largest city in the Fort Smith Arkansas-Oklahoma Statistical Area and the County seat of Crawford County, Pratt was buried near Alma, Arkansas, despite his personal desire to be buried in Utah. Alma is a city in Crawford County in the western part of the U The State of Utah (ˈjuːtɔː or) is a western state of the United States.

Mormons viewed Pratt's death as a martyrdom, a view first expressed in Pratt's own dying words. The term martyr ( Greek μάρτυς martys "witness" is most commonly used today to describe an individual who sacrifices their life (or personal freedom [4] Brigham Young compared his death with those of Joseph and Hyrum Smith,[5] and many Mormons blamed the death on the state of Arkansas, or its people. Brigham Young (June 1 1801 &ndash August 29 1877 was an American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement. [6] Due to his personal popularity and his position in the Council of the Twelve, Pratt's murder in Arkansas was a significant blow to the Latter-day Saint community in the Rocky Mountains, when they began hearing about it in June 1857. [7] The violent death may also have played a part in events leading up to the Mountain Meadows massacre five months later. The Mountain Meadows massacre involved a mass slaughter of the Fancher-Baker emigrant Wagon train at Mountain Meadows in the Utah Territory by [8] This massacre resulted in the deaths of the majority of the Baker-Fancher Party travelling to Southern California along the Mormon Road (a portion of the Old Spanish Trail). The Old Spanish Trail is a historic Trade route which connected the northern New Mexican settlement of Santa Fé with that of Los Ángeles After the massacre, some Mormons claimed that rumors had circulated throughout the southern Utah Territory that one or more members of the party had murdered Pratt,[9] poisoned creek water which subsequently sickened Paiute children,[10] and allowed their cattle to graze on private property. [11]

On April 3, 2008, a judge in Arkansas ruled that Pratt's remains could be moved to Utah for burial as long as other burial sites are not disturbed. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Pratt's family planned to rebury Pratt's remains at the Salt Lake City Cemetery in accordance with modern-day burial techniques. The Salt Lake City Cemetery is in The Avenues neighborhood of Salt Lake City Utah. [12] This effort was unfruitful, producing no discernible human remains, probably due to how long ago he was buried, the shallow grave, and a moist clay soil. [13] No further search efforts for Pratt's burial site have been planned. [14]

Publications

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Associated Press, Romney Family Tree Has Polygamy Branch
  2. ^ Bagley 2002. LDS fiction (or Mormon fiction) is a growing Niche market of Fiction Novels featuring themes related to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day The Pratt–Romney Family is the name of a US political family As of year-end 2007 The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints reported 25296 members 5 stakes, 32 wards, and 24 branches in Arkansas
  3. ^ Millennial Star 19:432. New York World, 23 November 1869, p. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year 2). Pratt 1975, pp.  6, 24.
  4. ^ Pratt 1975, p.  16 ("I am dying a martyr to the faith").
  5. ^ "Reminiscences of Mrs. A. Agatha Pratt, January 7, F564, #16, LDS Church Archives (stating that Young said, "Nothing has happened so hard to reconcile my mind to since the death of Joseph. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental ").
  6. ^ Brooks 1950, p.  36-37; Linn 1902, p.  519–20 ("It was in accordance with Mormon policy to hold every Arkansan accountable for Pratt's death, just as every Missourian was hated because of the expulsion of the church from that state. ").
  7. ^ Church leaders learned about the death on June 23, 1857 (Wilford Woodruff Journal). Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the The murder was first reported in the Deseret News on July 1, 1857. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the
  8. ^ Bagley, Will (2002). Blood of the prophets, Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3426-7.  
  9. ^ Bagley, p. 98 (identification by the widow Pratt)
  10. ^ Bagley, pp. 105-110
  11. ^ Bagley, p. 102
  12. ^ ksl.com - Ark. judge: Remains of early LDS leader can be moved to Utah
  13. ^ Daily Herald - No remains found in dig for Parley P. Pratt
  14. ^ Search for Parley Pratt's remains yields nothing but Arkansas clay - Salt Lake Tribune

References

External links

Preceded by
William E. M'Lellin		 Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
February 21, 1835–May 13, 1857		 Succeeded by
Luke S. Johnson
William Earl M'Lellin ( January 18, 1806 – April 24, 1883) (often modernized to McLellin) was an early leader in the Latter In the Latter Day Saint movement, the quorum of the Twelve (also known as the council of the Twelve, the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, Council Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1835 ( MDCCCXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Luke Samuel Johnson ( 3 November 1807 – December 9 1861) was a leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and an original member of
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