A park is a bounded area of land, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation. Queen Elizabeth Park is a municipal park located in Vancouver, British Columbia The Englischer Garten or "English Garden" is a large urban public park in the centre of Munich, Germany, stretching from the city centre to the northeastern Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
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History
The first parks were deer parks, land set aside for hunting by the aristocracy in medieval times. A medieval deer park was an enclosed area containing deer It was surrounded by a ditch and bank with a wooden fence (known as a Pale) on top of the bank They would have walls or thick hedges around them to keep game in and other people out.
These game preserves evolved into the landscaped parks set around aristocratic houses from the sixteenth century onwards. These may have served as hunting grounds but they also proclaimed the owner's wealth and status. An aesthetic of landscape design began in these parks where the natural landscape was enhanced by landscape architects such as Capability Brown. Natural landscapes ""are Landscapes beyond cultural influence As cities became crowded, the private hunting grounds became places for the public.
With the Industrial revolution parks took on a new meaning as areas set aside to preserve a sense of nature in the large industrial cities. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Sporting activity came to be a major use for these urban parks. Areas of outstanding natural beauty were also set aside as national parks to prevent their being spoilt by uncontrolled development. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution
In the twentieth century a number of meanings arose which associated the "designed" landscape of a park with other uses such as business parks, theme parks and parkways. A business park or business estate is an area of land in which many Office buildings are grouped together Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group In the United States, Parkways are defined as follows A type of road A broad landscaped thoroughfare especially: one from which trucks and
Government-owned or operated parks
National parks
A national park is a reserve of land, usually, but not always declared and owned by a national government, protected from most human development and pollution. A national park is a reserve of land usually declared and owned by a national Government, protected from most Human development and pollution For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. Human beings, humans or man (Origin 1590–1600 L homō man OL hemō the earthly one (see Humus National parks are a protected area of IUCN category II. Protected areas are locations which receive protection because of their environmental cultural or similar value The largest national park in the world is the Northeast Greenland National Park, which was established in 1974. Northeast Greenland National Park is the largest National park in the world with an area of 972000 square kilometres (375000 square miles making the park larger than
In the United States the concept of preserving unique landscapes for the pleasure of the people of the entire nation was established on June 30, 1864, when President Abraham Lincoln signed the bill creating the Yosemite Grant. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year A policy of preservation, rather than co-usage as in the National Forests, where grazing, farming and logging are licensed, was implemented four decades later during the presidential administration of Teddy Roosevelt, and Yosemite became a national park. "National forest" redirects here for the National Forest in England see National Forest England; for those in Brazil see List of Brazilian National Forests Tourism and, later, recreation were the intended purposes of the lands Roosevelt set aside in the system. John Muir was instrumental in this effort. John Muir ( April 21, 1838 – December 24, 1914) was a Scottish -born American Naturalist, author and early These parks were ultimately termed national parks and today constitute the U.S. National Park Service. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation Similarly, U. S. state governments have also set aside and continue to set aside lands of various sizes to preserve them for the enjoyment of the public. National and regional parks are found in many other countries, and vary greatly in the sort of management and administration which they enjoy. There are also national parks in many other countries; the usage of the term varies greatly from one country .
Sub-national parks
In Federal systems, many parks are managed by the local levels of government, rather than by the central government. A federation ( Latin: foedus, covenant is a union comprising a number of partially self-governing states or regions united by a central ("federal" In the United States these are called state parks and in Canada provincial or terriorial parks, except in Quebec where they are known as National Parks (see Quebec nationalism). State Park is a term used in the United States and in Mexico for an area of land preserved on account of its natural beauty historic interest recreation or other A provincial park (or territorial park) is a Park under the management of a provincial or territrorial government in Canada. This list of Québec national parks includes both federally and provincially administered parks and wildlife reserves in Québec, Canada. Quebec nationalism is a contemporary nationalist movement in Canada similar to what is found in other multi-ethnic and multi-lingual regions of the world
Urban parks
A park is an area of open space provided for recreational use, usually owned and maintained by a local government. Parks commonly resemble savannas or open woodlands, the types of landscape that human beings find most relaxing. A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. Ecologically a woodland is an area covered in trees differentiated from a Forest. Landscape comprises the visible features of an area of land including physical elements such as Landforms living elements of flora and fauna abstract elements such as lighting Grass is typically kept short to discourage insect pests and to allow for the enjoyment of picnics and sporting activities. Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described In contemporary usage picnic can be defined simply as a pleasure excursion at which a Meal is eaten outdoors ( Al fresco or En plein air Trees are chosen for their beauty and to provide shade. Shade is the blocking of Sunlight (in particular direct sunshine by any object and also the Shadow created by that object
The world's first public park was Birkenhead Park in the centre of Birkenhead, England opened on 5th April 1847. Birkenhead Park is a public Park in the centre of Birkenhead, on the Wirral Peninsula, Merseyside, England. Birkenhead is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral in Merseyside, England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
Park uses are often divided into two categories: active and passive recreation. Recreation or fun is the expenditure of time in a manner designed for therapeutic refreshment of one's Body or Mind. Active recreation is that which require intensive development and often involves cooperative or team activity, including playgrounds, ball fields and skateparks. A playground or play area is an area designed for Children to play, indoors or outdoors A skatepark is a purpose-built Recreational environment for Skateboarders to ride and develop their technique Passive recreation is that which emphasizes the open-space aspect of a park and which involves a low level of development, including picnic areas and trails. Organized football matches take place in parks
Many smaller neighborhood parks are receiving increased attention and valuation as significant community assets and places of refuge in heavily populated urban areas. Neighborhood groups around the world are joining together to support local parks that have suffered from urban decay and government neglect. Urban decay is a process by which a City, or a part of a city falls into a state of disrepair
A linear park is a park that has a much greater length than width. A typical example of a linear park is a section of a former railway that has been converted into a park (i. e. the tracks removed, vegetation allowed to grow back). Parks are sometimes made out of oddly shaped areas of land, much like the vacant lots that often become city neighborhood parks.
Private parks
Private parks are owned by individuals or businesses and are used at the discretion of the owner. There are a few types of private parks, and some which once were privately maintained and used have now been made open to the public. The concept of the commons is somewhat related to the origin of modern park systems. Common land (a common) is a piece of land owned by one person but over which other people can exercise certain traditional rights such as allowing their livestock to graze
Hunting parks originally referred to an area maintained as open space where residences, industry and farming were not allowed, often originally so that nobility might have a place to hunt - see medieval deer park. A medieval deer park was an enclosed area containing deer It was surrounded by a ditch and bank with a wooden fence (known as a Pale) on top of the bank These were known for instance, as deer parks (deer being originally a term meaning any wild animal). Many country houses in Great Britain and Ireland still have parks of this sort, which since the 18th century have often been carefully landscaped for aesthetic effect. The English country house is generally accepted as a large House or Mansion, once in the ownership of an individual who also usually owned another Great See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world They are usually a mixture of open grassland with scattered trees and sections of woodland, and are often enclosed by a high wall. The area immediately around the house is the garden. In some cases this will also feature sweeping lawns and scattered trees; the basic difference between a country house's park and its garden is that the park is grazed by animals, but they are excluded from the garden.
In some countries, especially the United Kingdom, the concept of the country park was popular in the 1970s, and many such parks were established with government support during that time. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A country park is an area designated for people to visit and enjoy recreation in a countryside environment Country parks are often located near to urban populations, and provide recreational facilities typical of the countryside rather than the town.
Other uses
The term park is also used in reference to industrial areas, often termed industrial parks. An industrial estate is an area of land set aside for industrial development. Some technology research areas are also called research parks. A science park is a property development designed for a concentration of High tech, Science, or Research related Businesses The definition Small environmental areas, often part of urban renewal plans, are called pocket parks. A pocket park or mini-park is a small park accessible to the general public The word park may also be used in community names, such as Oak Park or College Park. Sometimes the active recreational aspect may be expressed in the extreme of naming an amusement park, usually privately owned. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group A car park is an area of land or a building in which cars are parked. Parking lot (called a car park in Australia and the UK) is a cleared area that is more or less level and is intended for Parking vehicles The majority of these uses refer to private parks. An amusement park, or theme park is a generic term for a collection of rides and other entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a fairly large group of people. Theme park is the generic term for a collection of rides and other Entertainment attractions assembled for the purpose of entertaining a large group
See also
- Greenway (landscape)
- List of municipal parks in the United States
- List of national parks
- Provincial park (Canada)
- Public Open Space
- Urban park
External links
- The Royal Parks (London, UK)
- Parks Canada Agency (Canada)
- Essay on public parks
- The Trust for Public Land Center for City Park Excellence
- Parks Canada - Official National Parks and Mountain Guide
- UK Government Policy on parks
Dictionary
park
-noun
- A tract of ground kept in its natural state, about or adjacent to a residence, as for the preservation of game, for walking, riding, or the like.
- A piece of ground, in or near a city or town, enclosed and kept for ornament and recreation; as, Hyde Park in London; Central Park in New York.
- A space occupied by the animals, wagons, pontoons, and materials of all kinds, as ammunition, ordnance stores, hospital stores, provisions, etc., when brought together; also, the objects themselves; as, a park of wagons, a park of artillery; by extension, an inventory of such materiél, such as a country's tank park or artillery park (rare in US).
- A partially inclosed basin in which oysters are grown.
- An enclosed parcel of land stocked with animals for hunting, which one may have by prescription or royal grant.
- (US) A grassy basin surrounded by mountains.
-verb
- (transitive) To bring (something such as a vehicle) to a halt or store in a specified place.
- (transitive) To bring together in a park, or compact body.
- (transitive) To enclose in a park, or as in a park.
- (transitive, baseball) To hit a home run, to hit the ball out of the park.
- (intransitive, slang) To engage in romantic or sexual activities inside a nonmoving vehicle.
- (transitive, informal, sometimes reflexive) To sit, recline, or put, especially in a manner suggesting an intent to remain for some time.
- (transitive, finance) To invest money temporarily in an investment instrument considered to relatively free of risk, specially while awaiting other opportunities.
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