A parish is a type of administrative subdivision. It is used by some Christian churches, usually liturgical churches, and also by the civil government in a number of countries (see civil parish). A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth A liturgy is the customary public worship done by a specific religious group according to their particular traditions A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government.

Contents 1 Etymology 2 Ecclesiastical parishes 2.1 Roman Catholic Church 2.2 Church of England 2.3 Church of Scotland 3 Parishes in civil administration 3.1 Great Britain 3.2 North America 3.3 Australia 4 Notes 5 See also

Etymology

The term "Parish" derives from Anglo-Fr. parosse (1075), later paroche (1292), from O. Fr. paroisse, from Latin paroechia = "diocese", from Greek παρоικια = "district" or "diocese", from Greek παρά = "beside", οικος = "house". Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. The Hellenistic Greek term παρоικια originally meant "sojourn in a foreign land" (in the Septuagint) or "community of sojourners", with reference to the Jewish people in a foreign land (1st centtury B. The Septuagint (ˈsɛptuədʒɪnt or simply " LXX " is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, translated in stages between the PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ C. ), and later with reference to earthly life as a temporary abode (1st century A.D., also New Testament: 1 Peter 1:17, 2:11); the term hence was applied to "Christian community" (3rd century), "diocese" (3rd century), and ultimately "parish" (4th century). The 1st century was the Century that lasted from 1 to 100 according the Julian calendar. The 3rd century is the period from 201 to 300 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 4th century (per the Julian calendar and Anno Domini / Common era) was that Century

The alternate Latin spelling parochia which serves as the ultimate origin of the English language word, arose from confusion with parochus, a local official in the Roman provinces who supplied public officials with food, shelter, etc. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States , when they passed through his district (from Hellenistic Greek πάροχος = "riding in the same chariot as", "beside the chariot of"). The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples

Ecclesiastical parishes

A parish is a territorial subdivision of a diocese, eparchy or bishopric, within the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Church of Sweden, and of some other churches. In many rites of the Roman Catholic Church and in Anglican churches, a diocese is an administrative territorial unit administered by a Bishop. Eparchy is an Anglicized Greek word authentically Latinized as eparchia and loosely translating as 'rule over something' but has the following See also Anglicanism The Anglican Communion is an international association of national Anglican churches The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Church of Sweden (Svenska kyrkan Ruoŧa girkui is the largest church in Sweden. The word "parish" is also used more generally to refer to the collection of people who attend a particular church. In this usage, a parish minister is one who serves a congregation.

Roman Catholic Church

Main article: Parish (Catholic Church)

In the Catholic Church, each parish has one parish priest (as he is usually called in England, Ireland and Australia, among other places) or "pastor" (as he is called in the United States, among other places), who has responsibility and canonical authority over the parish (the Latin for this post is parochus). In the Roman Catholic Church, a parish is the lowest ecclesiastical geographical subdivision from Ecclesiastical province to Diocese to Deanery A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities

A parish priest may have one or more fellow priests assisting him. In Catholic usage this priest is technically a "parochial vicar", but is commonly called an "associate pastor" or "assistant pastor" (or just "associate" or "assistant"), a curate, or vicar - common as they are, these terms are inaccurate and many dioceses have recently begun using the canonical term "parochial vicar" even in general parish communications (bulletins and the like). From the Latin curatus (compare Curator) a curate is a person who is invested with the ''care'' or ''cure'' (''cura'' ''of souls'' of a In the broadest sense a vicar (from the Latin Vicarius) is a representative anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior

Each diocese (administrative region) is divided into parishes, each with their own central church called the parish church, where religious services take place. A parish church, in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a Parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches Some larger parishes or parishes that have been combined under one pastor may have two or more such churches, or the parish may be responsible for chapels (sometimes called "chapels of ease") located at some distance from the parish church for the convenience of distant parishioners. A chapel is a holy place or area of Worship for Christians, which may be attached to an institution such as a large church, a College, a

With the decline in the numbers of people seeking ordination, in some countries parishes are now being merged together or are all sharing the services of one priest in a phenomenon known in the United States as clustering. In general religious use ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is set apart as Clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies

In the Catholic Church there also exists a special type of ecclesiastical parish called a national parish, which is not territorial in nature. National parishes are Catholic Parishes that serve particular Ethnic communities These are usually created to serve the needs of all of the members of a particular language group, particularly of an immigrant community, in a large area: its members are not defined by where they live, but by their country of origin or native language.

Other variations are also possible. In some Catholic jurisdictions created for the armed forces, for instance, the entire diocese or archdiocese is treated as a single parish: all of the Catholics in the military of the United States and all of their Catholic dependents, for instance, form the Archdiocese of the Military Services, USA, a diocese defined not by territory but by another quality (in this case, relationship to the military) - this archdiocese has its own archbishop, and all records and other matters are handled in a central office rather than by individual priests assigned to military post chapels or chaplains of units in the field. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese for the Military Services, provides the Roman Catholic Church 's pastoral and spiritual services to those serving in the United States armed

See also:Team of priests in solidum

Church of England

See also: How the Church of England is organised

The parish system in England is similar to the Roman Catholic system, described above. In 1983 the Catholic Church introduced the possibility of entrusting the Pastoral care, of one or more parishes to a team of priests in The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Many Church of England parishes that existed at the beginning of the 19th century, owe their existence to the establishment of a minster church or to an estate church founded by Anglo-Saxon or Norman landowners. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The Normans were the people who gave their names to Normandy, a region in northern France. ^[1] The parish as a territorial unit survived the reformation largely untouched. Consequently, the 19th century parish boundary often corresponds to that of a much earlier Anglo-Saxon estate.

In the Church of England, part of the Anglican Communion, the legal right to appoint or recommend a parish priest is called an advowson, and its possessor is known as a patron. A right is a legal or moral Entitlement or Permission. Rights are of vital importance in theories of Justice and deontological ethics A priest or priestess is a person having the authority or power to administer religious rites in particular rites of sacrifice to and propitiation of a deity or deities For the process for appointing a parish priest in the Church of England see Parish. The patron can be an individual, the Crown, a bishop, a college, a charity, or a religious body. Throughout the Commonwealth realms The Crown is an abstract metonymic concept which represents the legal authority for the existence of any government A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight The definition of charitable organization, and of charity varies according to the country and in some instances the region of the country in which the charitable organization operates Appointment as a parish priest entails the enjoyment of a benefice. Originally a benefice was a gift of land ( Precaria) for life as a reward for services rendered Appointment of patrons is now governed by the Patronage (Benefices) Rules 1987. In mediaeval times and earlier, when the church was politically and economically powerful, such a right could have great importance. An example can be seen in the article on Grendon, Northamptonshire. Grendon is a small Village in rural Northamptonshire, England on the borders of Buckinghamshire and Bedfordshire - with many It was frequently used to promote particular religious views. For example Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick presented many puritan clergy. Robert Rich 2nd Earl of Warwick ( June 5 1587 &ndash 19 April 1658) was an English colonial administrator Admiral A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, In the 19th century Charles Simeon established a trust to purchase advowsons and install evangelical priests. Charles Simeon September 24, 1759 – November 13, 1836) was an English evangelical clergyman Evangelism is the Christian practice of proselytisation. The intention of most evangelism is to effect Eternal salvation to those who do not follow the Ownership of an advowson now carries little personal advantage.

• Patronage (Benefices) Rules 1987
• Process for appointing a parish priest

Even before the establishment of civil parishes, the Church of England parish had become a unit of local government. A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government. For example, parishes were required to operate the Elizabethan poor law. Romance and reality The Victorian era and the early twentieth century idealised the Elizabethan era This article deals chiefly with the English Poor Laws covering England and Wales

Church of Scotland

In the Church of Scotland, the parish is basic level of church administration. The Church of Scotland (Eaglais na h-Alba known informally by its Scots language name The Kirk, is the National church of Scotland. The spiritual oversight of each parish church is responsibility of the congregation's Kirk Session. Patronage was regulated this way in 1712 (Patronage Act) and abolished in 1874, ministers must be elected by members of the congregation. The Church Patronage (Scotland Act 1711 or Patronage Act is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain (10 Ann Many parish churches are now "linked" with neighbouring parish churches (served by a single minister. ) With the abolition of parishes as a unit of civil government in Scotland, parishes now have a purely ecclesiastical significance in Scotland (and the boundaries may be adjusted by the local Presbytery).

Parishes in civil administration

Main article: Parish (country subdivision)

In some countries a parish (sometimes called a "civil parish") is an administrative area of civil government. A parish as an Administrative division of several countries. In England and in one American state ( Louisiana) it is sometimes called A civil parish in the United Kingdom is a unit of local government. Parishes of this type are found in England, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands, parts of the USA, Estonia, and a number of island nations in the region of the Caribbean. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical The Channel Islands ( Norman: Îles d'la Manche, French: Îles Anglo-Normandes or Îles de la Manche) are a group of Islands The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region For the region see Caribbean. The Caribbean Sea (kəˈrɪbiən or /ˌkærɨˈbiːən/ is a tropical Sea in the Western Hemisphere

Great Britain

Civil parishes in England form the lowest level of local government. Since 1894, parishes with a population of more than 300 have an elected parish council (in some cases known as the town council). Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A Parish council is a unit of Local government in Great Britain. A town council is a democratically elected form of government for small municipalities or Parishes A council may serve as both the representative and executive branch

Civil parishes in Wales were organised on the same system as England until 1974. In that year all civil parishes in the principality were abolished and replaced with communities. The whole of Wales is divided into communities, although not all have chosen to establish a community council. Community councils (CCs are the most local statutory representative bodies in Great Britain. Like their English counterparts, a community can be renamed a "town".

In Scotland, civil parishes existed until 1975. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. They were administered by parochial boards until 1894, when elected parish councils were formed. In 1930 the parish councils were dissolved, but the parishes themselves were grouped in districts and continued to exist for statistical and boundary purposes. The parishes were finally abolished on the reorganisation of local government in Scotland in 1975.

North America

In Quebec, a parish is a large rural municipality consisting mainly of farmlands, as opposed to a village. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk A village is a clustered human settlement or community, larger than a hamlet, but smaller than a Town or City. which is also rural, but has a center with a church, a credit union, shops, etc. (In a few cases, such as Notre-Dame-des-Anges, it is a municipality set up to accord special municipal autonomy to a church facility. Notre-Dame-des-Anges is a parish municipality in Quebec. Enclaved within the territory of Quebec City, this unusual municipality lacking any governmental ) See Parish municipality (Quebec). Below is a list of parish municipalities in Quebec. The Commission de toponymie du Québec defines a parish municipality ( municipalité de paroisse

In New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island, parishes are no longer used as administrative areas within counties, however several are used as census area boundaries. New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally Prince Edward Island (ˌprɪns ˌɛdwɚd ˈaɪlɨnd ( PEI or P Parishes were also used in land titles identifications in certain areas of Manitoba, such as the former cities of St. Boniface and St. Vital (now areas of Winnipeg). Manitoba (English ˌmænɨˈtoʊbə French /manitoba/ is a province of Canada, spanning 647797 square kilometres (250116  sq mi of North America Saint Boniface is an area of the city of Winnipeg, home to the Franco-Manitoban community St Vital is a neighborhood of the city of Winnipeg Manitoba. It is bounded on the north by Carrière Avenue on the south by the northern limit of the Rural Municipality of Winnipeg (ˈwɪnɨpɛg is the capital and largest city in the Canadian province of Manitoba, and 7th largest municipality in Canada with a population These identifications are still found on titles to lands subdivided before the 1971 amalgamation.

Historically, in New England, settlements that were at some distance from the center of a town and had enough people could request to be "set off" as a separate parish with its own church, and would then be freed of paying tithes to the main church. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy These parishes would eventually be established as separate towns.

In Louisiana it is equivalent to a county (US usage). The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America A county of the United States is a local level of government created as a subdivision of a state by the state government or by the federal or territorial government as a subdivision See List of parishes in Louisiana. The US state of Louisiana is divided into 64 parishes in the same way that 48 of the other states of the United States Louisiana has 64 parishes, which were created when it was a territory of the Spanish and French empires, which were both Roman Catholic.

In the Charleston Lowcountry of South Carolina, they resemble townships or public service districts. South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America.

Most former British colonies in the Caribbean are subdivided into parishes. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The most notable exceptions are Guyana, which is subdivided into regions, and Belize, which is subdivided into districts. Guyana (ɡaɪˈænə or /ɡiːˈɑːnə/ officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is the only Nation state Belize (bəˈliːz formerly British Honduras, is a country in Central America.

Australia

In Australia parishes, as subdivisions of counties, are part of the cadastral areas to identify land title, used in the states of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Cadastral divisions of Australia (also called Land administrative divisions) refers to the parts of Australia which are divided into the cadastral units Queensland is a state of Australia, occupying the north-eastern corner of the mainland continent Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass

Notes

See also

• Parish church
• Parish pump

A parish church, in Christianity, is the church which acts as the religious centre of a Parish, the basic administrative unit of episcopal churches For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic