A paraprotein is an abnormal protein in the urine or blood, most often associated with benign MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), where they remain "silent",[1] and multiple myeloma. Proteins are large Organic compounds made of Amino acids arranged in a linear chain and joined together by Peptide bonds between the Carboxyl Urine is a liquid waste product of the body secreted by the Kidneys by a process of filtration from Blood and Excreted through the Urethra. Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells €”such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS unknown or uncertain may be substituted for undetermined) or benign monoclonal gammopathy Multiple myeloma (also known as MM, myeloma, plasma cell myeloma, or as Kahler's disease after Otto Kahler) is a type of An excess in the blood is known as paraproteinemia. Paraproteinemia (also known as "monoclonal gammopathy" is the presence of excessive amounts of a single Monoclonal Gammaglobulin (in this case denominated
These are immunoglobulins or immunoglobulin light-chains that are produced by the clonal proliferation of plasma cells. Antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins, abbreviated Ig) are Gamma globulin Proteins that are found in Blood or other Bodily Plasma cells (also called plasma B cells or plasmocytes) are cells of the Immune system that secrete large amounts of antibodies. Paraproteins form a narrow band, or 'spike' in protein electrophoresis as they are all exactly the same protein. In Chemistry and Medicine, protein electrophoresis (aka Immunoelectrophoresis) is a method of analysing a mixture of Proteins by means
Monoclonal free light chains in the serum or urine are called Bence Jones proteins. A Bence Jones protein is a monoclonal Globulin Protein found in the Blood or Urine.
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History
The concept and term were introduced by the Berlin pathologist Dr Kurt Apitz in 1940,[2] at that time the Oberarzt of the pathological institute at the Charité hospital. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. The Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin is the Medical school for the Free University of Berlin and the Humboldt University of Berlin. [3]
Paraproteins allowed the detailed study of immunoglobulins, which eventually led to the production of monoclonal antibodies in 1975. Monoclonal antibodies ( mAb or moAb) are monospecific antibodies that are identical because they are produced by one type of immune cell Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
References
- ^ Maniatis A (1998). "Pathophysiology of paraprotein production. ". Ren Fail 20 (6): 821-8. PMID 9834980.
- ^ Apitz K. Die Paraproteinosen. Über die Störungen des Eiweißstoffwechsels bei Plasmozytomen. Virchows Arch Pathol Anat 1940;306:630-699.
- ^ McDevitt HO. Albert Hewett Coons. In: "Biographical Memoirs", National Academy of Sciences 1996;69:26-37. ISBN 0-309-05346-3. Fulltext.
External links
See also
Medical Subject Headings ( MeSH) is a huge Controlled vocabulary (or metadata system for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books Tuftsin is a Tetrapeptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg produced by enzymatic cleavage of the Fc-domain of the heavy chain of Immunoglobulin G.Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic