Paranoia Classification and external resources
ICD-9	295.3, 297.1, 297.2

Paranoia is a disturbed thought process characterized by excessive anxiety or fear, often to the point of irrationality and delusion. The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (most commonly known by the abbreviation ICD) provides codes to classify Diseases The following is a list of codes for International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems. Anxiety is a physiological and psychological state characterized by Cognitive, Somatic, Emotional and Behavioral components Fear is an Emotional response to Threats and Danger. It is a basic survival mechanism occurring in response to a specific Stimulus, such as A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs concerning a perceived threat. In the original Greek, παράνοια (paranoia) simply means madness (para = outside; nous = mind) and, historically, this characterization was used to describe any delusional state. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception

Sometimes in common usage, the term paranoia is misused to describe a phobia. Phobias Phobias (in the clinical meaning of the term are the most common form of Anxiety disorders An American study by the National Institute of Mental Health For example, a person may not want to fly out of fear the plane may crash. This does not in itself indicate paranoia, but rather a phobia. The lack of blame in this case usually points to the latter. Paranoia, however, would be fear that the pilot is an alcoholic with no evidence to suggest such, and would crash the plane as a result of this. Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions

Contents 1 Use in psychiatry 2 History 3 See also 4 References 5 Further reading

Use in psychiatry

More recently^[1], the clinical use of the term has been used to describe delusions where the affected person believes he is being persecuted. Specifically, they have been defined as containing two central elements:

1. The individual thinks that harm is occurring, or is going to occur, to him or her.
2. The individual thinks that the persecutor has the intention to cause harm.

Paranoia is often associated with psychotic illnesses, sometimes schizophrenia, although attenuated features may be present in other primarily non-psychotic diagnoses, such as paranoid personality disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychosis (from the Greek ψυχή "psyche" for mind or soul and -οσις "-osis" for abnormal condition with adjective psychotic Schizophrenia ( from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν "to split" and phrēn Paranoid personality disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by Paranoia and a pervasive long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD is a Chronic Anxiety disorder most commonly characterized by obsessive Distressing Intrusive thoughts Paranoia can also be a side effect of medication or recreational drugs such as marijuana and particularly stimulants such as methamphetamine and crack cocaine. Recreational drug use is the use of Psychoactive drugs for Recreational purposes rather than for work, medical or spiritual purposes Cannabis, also known as marijuana or marihuana, or ganja (from Hindi / Sanskrit: गांजा gānjā hemp) is a Crack cocaine or crack is a solid smokable form of Cocaine. It is a freebase form of cocaine that can be made using baking soda ( Sodium bicarbonate

In the unrestricted use of the term, common paranoid delusions can include the belief that the person is being followed, poisoned or loved at a distance (often by a media figure or important person, a delusion known as erotomania or de Clerambault syndrome). Erotomania is a rare disorder whereby a person holds a Delusional belief that another person usually of a higher Social status, is in Love with Erotomania is a rare disorder whereby a person holds a Delusional belief that another person usually of a higher Social status, is in Love with

Other common paranoid delusions include the belief that the person has an imaginary disease or parasitic infection (delusional parasitosis); that the person is on a special quest or has been chosen by God; that the person has had thoughts inserted or removed from conscious thought; or that the person's actions are being controlled by an external force. Parasitism is a type of symbiotic relationship between Organisms of different Species. Delusional parasitosis also known as delusory parasitosis and delusory cleptoparasitosis, is a form of Psychosis or false belief a "loss of contact God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. Mind control is a broad range of psychological tactics able to subvert an individual's control of his own thinking, behavior emotions or decisions

Therefore, in common usage, the term paranoid addresses a range of mental conditions, assumed by the use of the term to be of psychiatric origin, in which the subject is seen to generalise or project fears and anxieties onto the external world, particularly in the form of organised behaviour focused on them. The syndrome is applied equally to powerful people like executives obsessed with takeover bids or political leaders convinced of plots against them, and to common people who believe for instance that shadowy agencies are operating against them.

History

The term paranoia was used to describe a mental illness in which a delusional belief is the sole or most prominent feature. Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as A delusion is commonly defined as a fixed False Belief and is used in everyday language to describe a belief that is either false fanciful or derived from Deception In his original attempt at classifying different forms of mental illness, Kraepelin used the term pure paranoia to describe a condition where a delusion was present, but without any apparent deterioration in intellectual abilities and without any of the other features of dementia praecox, the condition later renamed schizophrenia. Mental disorder or mental illness is a psychological or behavioral pattern that occurs in an individual and is thought to cause distress or disability that is not expected as Dementia praecox ("premature Dementia " is a term first used in 1891 in this Latin form by Arnold Pick (1851-1924 a professor of psychiatry at the German Schizophrenia ( from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν "to split" and phrēn Notably, in his definition, the belief does not have to be persecutory to be classified as paranoid, so any number of delusional beliefs can be classified as paranoia. For example, a person who has the sole delusional belief that he is an important religious figure would be classified by Kraepelin as having 'pure paranoia'.

See also

• Delusional disorder
• Distrust
• Ideas of reference
• Monomania
• Paranoid personality disorder
• Pronoia (psychology)
• Schizophrenia
• The Conversation - a film by Francis Ford Coppola which explores paranoia

References

1. ^ Freeman, D. Delusional disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis denoting a psychotic Mental illness that involves holding one or more non-bizarre Delusions in the absence Distrust is a Formal way of not trusting any one Party too much in a situation of grave Risk or deep Doubt. Ideas of reference and delusions of reference involve people having a belief or perception that irrelevant unrelated or innocuous things in the world are referring to them directly In Psychiatry, monomania (from Greek monos, one and mania, Mania) is a type of Paranoia in which the patient has only one idea Paranoid personality disorder is a psychiatric diagnosis characterized by Paranoia and a pervasive long-standing suspiciousness and generalized mistrust of For other uses of the term pronoia, please see Pronoia (disambiguation. Schizophrenia ( from the Greek roots schizein (σχίζειν "to split" and phrēn The Conversation is an Academy Award nominated mystery thriller about audio surveillance written and directed by Francis Ford Coppola Francis Ford "Frank" Coppola (born April 7, 1939) is a five-time Academy Award -winning American Film director, & Garety, P. A. (2004) Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 1-84169-522-X

Further reading

• Farrell, John. Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau (Cornell University Press, 2006).
• Freeman, D. & Garety, P. A. (2004) Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 1-84169-522-X
• Igmade (Stephan Trüby et al, eds. ), 5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror", Birkhäuser 2006. ISBN 3-7643-7598-1
• Kantor, Martin. (2004) Understanding Paranoia: A Guide for Professionals, Families, and Sufferers. Westport: Praeger Press. ISBN 0-275-98152-5
• Munro, A. (1999) Delusional disorder. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58180-X
• Sims, A. (2002) Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology (3rd edition). Edinburgh: Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN 0-7020-2627-1
• Siegel, Ronald K. (1994) Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia. New York: Crown.

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic