Paramount leader (simplified Chinese: 国家最高领导人; pinyin: guójiā zuìgāo lǐngdǎorén, literally "the highest leader of the country"), in modern Chinese political science, unofficially refers to the political leader of the People's Republic of China who controls the three branches of the Chinese political system (Communist Party of China, Central People's Government and People's Liberation Army) that held real power. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Political science is a branch of Social sciences that deals with the theory and practice of Politics and the description and analysis of Political systems Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The politics of the People's Republic of China take place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the The Central People's Government is the Central government of the People's Republic of China in Beijing. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China. The current Paramount Leader of China is Hu Jintao. Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist
The paramount leader must have held:
And may have held one or more of the following offices:
- Chairman/President of the People's Republic of China (Head of State)
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (highest ranking position)
Out of the three positions, Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party has supreme importance. The Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China has overall responsibility for the Central Military Commission. The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat
The paramount leader may be able to wield power without necessarily holding any official or formally significant governmental position. The most notable example is former Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping who held supreme power in the People's Republic of China roughly from 1978 to 1989 without officially holding the top political offices. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer
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History
The term was commonly applied to Mao Zedong, who at times ruled with practically absolute power, and Deng Xiaoping, who was the most influential person in the PRC despite not holding the most powerful official positions. Following the death of Deng Xiaoping, the term has seldom been used since power is held more-or-less collectively by the members of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China with different factions jockeying for influence. The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (PSC, abbreviated) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 people usually men and includes Policy decisions are thought to be made via majority vote of Standing Committee members following internal discussions. [1]. For example, though Jiang Zemin left the Standing Committee in 2002 and resigned all his posts in 2004, members of the Shanghai clique (of which Jiang is a member) still retain a majority in the Standing Committee. The Shanghai clique or Shanghai faction ( is the name given to an informal group of officials in the Communist Party of China, especially those who serve in the central
Leadership transition takes several months. For instance, in the case of Hu Jintao:
- General Secretary of the Communist Party of China (November 2002)
- President of the People's Republic of China (March 2003)
- Chairman of the Central Military Commission of CCP (September 2004)
Usually the office as Chairman of the Central Military Commission is the last office handed over by the previous paramount leader, in order to secure political influence and ensure political continuity. The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman The Chairman of the Central Military Commission of the People's Republic of China has overall responsibility for the Central Military Commission. A Central Military Commission or National Defense Commission is an organisation typical of Communist One-party states responsible for supervising the nation's
List of Paramount leaders
To date, "paramount leader" has been applied to five individual Chinese statesmen (dates approximate and open to dispute):
First generation Second generation Third generation Fourth generation
See also
- Paramount chief (merely tribal or other traditional context, no empire)
- Paramount ruler (similar prominence, but monarchic)
- Strongman
References
Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led This article lists the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from its beginning to the present General Secretaries (1921-1943 Between 1921 and 1943 the Communist Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference ( People's Political Consultative Conference Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article lists the leaders of the Communist Party of China, from its beginning to the present General Secretaries (1921-1943 Between 1921 and 1943 the Communist Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hua Guofeng ( (16 February 1921 &ndash 20 August 2008 born as Su Zhu ( was Mao Zedong 's designated successor as the Paramount leader of the October events and holidays Children's Book Week ( England) - First Week of October National Day ( China People's Republic Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 The Premier of the State Council ( sometimes incorrectly referred to as the "Prime Minister" is the Chairman of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events in September It is the start of the academic year in many countries in the Northern Hemisphere. Year 1980 ( MCMLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1980 Gregorian calendar) Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 1976 ( MCMLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Deng Xiaoping ( 22 August 1904 19 February 1997) was a prominent Chinese Revolutionary, Politician, Pragmatist and Reformer Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events in June Madaraka Day June 1 to commemorate when Kenya gained internal self-rule Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Jiang Zemin ( born 17 August 1926 was the "core of the third generation " of Communist Party of China leaders serving as General Secretary of The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee ( is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The President of the People's Republic of China ( literally Chairman of the Chinese People's Republic or abbreviated Guójiā Zhǔxí 国家主席 literally State Chairman Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 694 - Egica, a king of the Visigoths of Hispania, accuses Jews of aiding Muslims sentencing all Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Hu Jintao ( born 21 December 1942 is currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Events 1034 - Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, King of Scots dies Donnchad, the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A paramount chief is the highest-level traditional (usually tribal chief or political leader in a regional or local polity or Country typically administered politically The term Paramount Ruler, or sometimes Paramount King, is a generic description though occasionally also used as an actual title for a number of rulers' position in relative A strongman is a political leader who rules by force and runs an Authoritarian regimeDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic