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State of Paraíba
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| Capital (and largest city) |
João Pessoa | |||||
| Demonym | Paraibano | |||||
| Government | ||||||
| - | Governor | Cássio Cunha Lima | ||||
| - | Vice Governor | José Lacerda Neto | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 56.584,6 km² (21th) | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2006 estimate | 3,623,215 (13th) | ||||
| - | 2005 census | 3,598,025 | ||||
| - | Density | 64,2/km² (8th) | ||||
| GDP | 2005 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | R$ 16,864,000,000 (19th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | R$ 4,690 (24th) | ||||
| HDI (2000) | 0. João Pessoa (ʒuãũ pesoɐ formerly Parahyba do Norte in 1917 and sometimes called the city where the sun rises first is a Brazilian city and the easternmost A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here Surface areas between 100000 km² and 1000000 km² There are 27 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. There are 26 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume There are 27 States of Brazil, or Estados in Portuguese which are the federal states of Brazil, plus the Federal District which holds the capital city Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article lists Brazilian states by Gross Domestic Product. Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article lists Brazilian states by Gross Domestic Product. The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. 661 (medium) (24th) | |||||
| Abbreviation | BR-PB | |||||
| Time zone | BRT (UTC-3) | |||||
Paraíba (pronounced [paɾaˈiba][1]) is one of the states of Brazil, located in the northeastern part of the country, on the Atlantic coast, where lies the easternmost point of the Americas, a cape called Ponta do Seixas. This is a list of Brazilian states by Human Development Index as included in the 2008 United Nations Development Program 's Report compiled on the basis of 2005 data and published ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2BR is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to Brazil. Brazil has three Time zones It also observes summer time; however not only do the starting and ending dates often change from year to year it is also not followed Areas using UTC−3 Single zone countries without DST Suriname Single zone countries with DST The Federative Republic of Brazil is a union of twenty-six estados ("states" singular estado) and formed by the states and one district the Distrito |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America Ponta do Seixas is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Paraíba state eastern Brazil, that forms the easternmost point of the South American Paraíba coast has clear, calm beaches, with a barrier of reefs and natural pools. In nautical terminology a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water (six fathoms or less at low water A stream pool, in Hydrology, is a stretch of a River or creek in which the water depth is above average and the stream velocity is quite low The beaches within João Pessoa, the capital, are the best known. The city has a singular characteristic: it is the Brazilian city where the sun raises first. The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System.
In the interior of the State, another important city is Campina Grande. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Campina Grande ( Portuguese "Great Plain" is the second most populous Brazilian city in the State of Paraíba after João Pessoa, the It is one of the Brazilian capitals of forró, together with Caruaru, and during the month of June it receives more than one million tourists for the festivities. Forró is a kind of Northeastern Brazilian dance as well as a word used to denote the different genres of music which accompanies the dance Caruaru is a city in Pernambuco, Brazil. Caruaru and Recife are the biggest and most important cities in Pernambuco 's countryside Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel
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In the mid-1500s, Portuguese settlers from Pernambuco founded Filipéia de Nossa Senhora das Neves (today João Pessoa) at the mouth of the Paraíba do Norte River. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Pernambuco (pɛxnɐ̃ˈbuku is a state of Brazil, located in the Northeast region of the country The Paraíba do Norte River, also known simply as the Paraíba River, is a river in Paraíba state of northeastern Brazil.
The area soon proved perfect for sugar production, with the French, the Dutch and the Portuguese all constantly fighting to control the Paraíba region to grow the lucrative sugarcane in. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae The fortress of Santa Catarina, near João Pessoa, was built to protect the city from the Dutch, who soon became a threat to Portuguese supremacy in Brazil.
In late 1989 a team led by gemstone prospector Heitor Dimas Barbosa uncovered in a small mountain range what some consider to be the finest tourmaline crystals ever found. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) A gemstone or gem, also called a precious or semi-precious stone, is a piece of attractive Mineral, which &mdash when cut and polished &mdash Tourmaline is a Crystal Silicate mineral compounded with elements such as Aluminium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Lithium A trace of copper gives the tourmalines a vivid turquoise color that had never been seen before in the gems, and is sometimes referred to as "neon". Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Turquoise is an opaque blue-to-green Mineral that is a hydrous Phosphate of Copper and Aluminium, with the Chemical
The "neon" paraiba tourmaline, a vivid blue and blue green, has also been found in other deposits close to the Batalha mine of Barbosa, and also in the neighboring state of Rio Grande do Norte. Tourmaline is a Crystal Silicate mineral compounded with elements such as Aluminium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Lithium The bright colors of this tourmaline are due to the presence of copper. Around 2000, a similar copper-containing tourmaline was found in Nigeria, although the colors are not as intense. Around 2005, beautiful crystals of copper-containing tourmaline were found in Mozambique.
Initially, the nomenclature for this tourmaline was "Paraíba tourmaline". Note the capitalization and the accent on the "i". In 2006, the LMHC (Laboratory Manual Harmonization Committee) agreed that "paraiba" should refer to a variety of tourmaline, and not indicate a geographic origin. Note "paraiba" is not capitalized, and does not have an accent on the "i". For more information on paraiba tourmaline, see article on tourmaline. Tourmaline is a Crystal Silicate mineral compounded with elements such as Aluminium, Iron, Magnesium, Sodium, Lithium The term "paraiba tourmaline" may now refer to gems found in Brazil, Nigeria, and Mozambique that contain copper and have the characteristic blue-green color.
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View of Terreno José Leonel.
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Lagoon of Umari, in Belém da Paraíba
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View of Pedra do Cordeiro
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According to the IBGE of 2007, there were 3,628,000 people residing in the state. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics or IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Gehjgygmmliografia e Estatística is the agency responsible for Statistical Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The population density was 64. 2 inh. /km².
Urbanization: 76. Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing 3% (2006); Population growth: 0. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Population growth is the change in Population over time and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals in a population using "per unit time" for 8% (1991-2000); Houses: 987,000 (2006). Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. House generally refers to a Shelter or Building that is a Dwelling or place for Habitation by Human beings. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [2]
The last PNAD (National Research for Sample of Domiciles) census revealed the following numbers: 2,136,000 Multiracial people (58. Brazil does not have a category for multiracial people but a Pardo (brown one which may include people of mixed European, African and Amerindian 9%), 1,360,000 White people (37. According to the 2006 census White Brazilians make up 497% of Brazil's population or around 93 million people 5%), 123,000 Black people (3. Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial 4%), 7,000 Asian or Amerindian people (0. An Asian Brazilian is a Brazilian born person of Asian ancestry The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to 2%). [3]
People of mixed-race ancestry predominate in the entire state, descendants of African, Amerindian and Portuguese settlers. Brazil does not have a category for multiracial people but a Pardo (brown one which may include people of mixed European, African and Amerindian Afro-Brazilian, or Black Brazilian, is the term used to racially categorize Brazilian citizens who are black or Multiracial The Indigenous peoples in Brazil ( Portuguese: povos indígenas) comprise a large number of distinct Ethnic groups who inhabited the country prior to Portuguese-Brazilian' (luso-brasileiro is a Portuguese born citizen with Brazilian citizenship or a Brazilian born citizen of Portuguese [4]
Vehicles: 432,337 (March/2007); Mobile phones: 1. Vehicles, derived from the Latin word vehiculum, are non-living Means of transport. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 5 million (April/2007); Telephones: 431 thousand (April/2007); Cities: 223 (2007). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Basic principle A traditional landline telephone system also known as "plain old telephone service" (POTS, commonly handles both signaling and audio information Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [5]
The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 56. 5%, followed by the industrial sector at 33. 1%. Agriculture represents 10. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture 4%, of GDP (2004). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Paraíba exports: woven of cotton 36. A woven is a Cloth formed by Weaving. It only stretches in the bias directions (between the warp and Weft directions unless the Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp 3%, footweares 20. Footwear consists of Garments worn on the feet, for protection against the environment and Adornment. 1%, sugar and alcohol 10. Sugar is a class of edible Crystalline substances mainly Sucrose, Lactose, and Fructose. In Chemistry, an alcohol is any Organic compound in which a Hydroxyl group ( - O[[hydrogen H]]) is bound to a Carbon 8%, fish and crustacean 9. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Structure of crustaceans As Arthropods crustaceans have a stiff Exoskeleton, which must be shed to allow the animal to grow ( Ecdysis or molting 7%, sisal 7%, cotton 6. Sisal or sisal hemp is an Agave Agave sisalana that yields a stiff Fiber used in making Rope. Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp 6% (2002). See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar.
Share of the Brazilian economy: 0. 8% (2004). "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " [6]
The Paraíba economy is largely based upon the making of shoes and other leather products, the raising of cattle for beef, and sugarcane, corn. A shoe is an item of Footwear. Shoes may vary from a simple Flip-flop to a complex Boot. Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Beef is the Culinary name for Meat from Bovines especially domestic Cattle (cows Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Though historically sugarcane has dominated the Paraíba agricultural sector, pineapple, corn, and beans cultivation are also widespread. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Pineapple ( Ananas comosus) is the common name for an edible Tropical Plant and also its Fruit It is native to the southern part of Brazil Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal The other important economical sector in the state is tourism, especially the state urban and unspoilt beaches, ecoturism and festivals such as "carnaval" and "São João. "
Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. But English and Spanish are part of the official high school curriculum. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution
Festa Junina was introduced to Northeastern Brazil by the Portuguese for whom St John's day (also celebrated as Midsummer Day in several European countries), on the 24th of June, is one of the oldest and most popular celebrations of the year. Festa Junina, typically termed São João (Saint John as it is centered on that saint's day is the name of annual |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west Midsummer may simply refer to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, but more often refers to specific European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice Differently, of course, from what happens on the European Midsummer Day, the festivities in Brazil do not take place during the summer solstice but during the tropical winter solstice. Midsummer may simply refer to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, but more often refers to specific European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice Solstices occur twice a year when the tilt of the Earth's axis is most oriented toward or away from the Sun, causing the Sun to reach its northernmost and southernmost extremes The winter solstice occurs at the instant when the Sun 's position in the sky is at its greatest angular distance on the other side of the equatorial plane from the The festivities traditionally begin after the 12th of June, on the eve of St Anthony's day, and last until the 29th, which is Saint Peter's day. During these fifteen days, there are bonfires, fireworks, and folk dancing in the streets (step names are in French, which shows the mutual influences between court life and peasant culture in the 17th, 18th, and 19th-century Europe). See also Campfire. bonfire is a large controlled outdoor Fire. A firework is classified as a low explosive pyrotechnic device used primarily for aesthetic and entertainment purposes Once exclusively a rural festival, today in Brazil, it is largely a city festival during which people joyfully and theatrically mimic peasant stereotypes and clichés in a spirit of jokes and good times. Typical refreshments and dishes are served. It should be noted that, like during Carnival, these festivities involve costume-wearing (in this case, peasant costumes), dancing, heavy drinking, and visual spectacles (fireworks display and folk dancing), such as what happens on Midsummer and St John's Day in Europe,and bonfires are a central part of these festivities in Brazil. Midsummer may simply refer to the period of time centered upon the summer solstice, but more often refers to specific European celebrations that accompany the actual solstice See also Campfire. bonfire is a large controlled outdoor Fire.
The four-day period before Lent leading up to Ash Wednesday is carnival time in Brazil. Carnival is a festival season which occurs immediately before Lent; the main events are usually during February and March |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Rich and poor alike forget their cares as they party in the streets.
Located in the municipality of Bayeux, eight kilometers from downtown João Pessoa, Presidente Castro Pinto International Airport is currently undergoing expansion and remodeling work, which will raise the terminal’s annual capacity to 860 thousand passengers. João Pessoa (ʒuãũ pesoɐ formerly Parahyba do Norte in 1917 and sometimes called the city where the sun rises first is a Brazilian city and the easternmost This article is about the year 860 For the area code see Area code 860. The airport is well located in relation to obstacles because it covers an area roughly 65 meters above sea level and is sufficiently distant from urban areas or large real estate developments. The surrounding area is sparsely populated, with large open spaces. The existing developments are industrial with some small weekend country houses. There is no rough terrain or tall buildings nearby creating obstacles for takeoffs and landings. The airport also is blessed with excellent climatic conditions for air operations. Moreover, within its approach radius there are no obstacles that can hinder or create risk for local air traffic. Named for a past president (former name for governors) of Paraíba, Castro Pinto, the airport operates round the clock. The current passenger terminal, built in an area of 8,947. 72 square meters, has two levels, gardens and ample vehicle parking. It has all the expected amenities: arrival and departure lounges, a main concourse, check-in counters, baggage storage lockers, airline counters, snack bar/restaurant, tourist information booth, car rental agencies, taxi service and private parking. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride
Located in the interior of the state of Paraíba, in the city of Campina Grande, João Suassuna Airport was remodeled in 2003, receiving a new terminal with capacity of 250 thousand passengers a year. Campina Grande ( Portuguese "Great Plain" is the second most populous Brazilian city in the State of Paraíba after João Pessoa, the Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events By Place Roman Empire A group of Franks penetrate as far as Tarragona in Spain (approximate date The old building was demolished and on the site a new facility was built holding nine shops, the main concourse, arrival and departure lounges, VIP lounge, bathrooms, mezzanine and a diaper-changing area. The terminal area was increased to 2,500 square meters. The boarding area has 350 square meters and the parking lot has spaces for 180 cars. Events By Place Roman Empire January 18 — Magnentius is proclaimed emperor by the army in Autun. This expansion benefited the city both economically and from the standpoint of tourism. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel With the possibility for new flights, the air cargo movement will be able to grow, along with the number of tourists coming to attend the city’s famous São João Festival. There are parishes and churches that have the name São João ( Portuguese for Saint John) Parishes/Civil Parishes In the Azores A panel measuring 17 by 3. 5 meters in the front of the building carries a poem by the Paraíban writer Ariano Suassuna, in homage to his father, for whom the airport is named. Three more artworks are on permanent display in the passenger terminal.
BR-101 and BR-230.
The word nego is Portuguese for "I deny", referring to the protests that erupted in the 1920s in Paraíba, supported by state president João Pessoa Cavalcânti de Albuquerque, to the appointment of Júlio Prestes as the President of Brazil. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar João Pessoa Cavalcânti de Albuquerque ( January 24, 1878, Umbuzeiro, Paraíba, Brazil - July 26, 1930 Júlio Prestes de Albuquerque ( March 15, 1882 &ndash February 9, 1946) was a Brazilian politician The President of Brazil is both the Head of state and Head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. João Pessoa joined the alliance for the overthrow of the federal government, which successfully conducted Getúlio Vargas to Presidency. See also History of Brazil (1930-1945 The Revolution of 1930 (Revolução de 1930 was a movement that overthrew President Washington Luís and installed Getúlio Dornelles Vargas (ʒeˈtulju doɾˈnɛlis vaɾgɐs April 19, 1882 – August 24, 1954) served as president of The rebellion events eventually led to the murder of João Pessoa, although there is debate regarding the reasons of the murder, if personal, political or both.
According to the official government site of the state of Paraíba, the red stands for the blood due to the assassination of João Pessoa; the black represents the mourning following the assassination. Some associate the colors with communism and anarchism, but this interpretation does not find echoes in Paraíba's history. Communism is a Socioeconomic structure that promotes the establishment of an egalitarian, classless, stateless Society based Anarchism is a Political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which support the elimination of all compulsory Government, i
Paraíba is home to some of the most noted Brazilian poets and writers such as Augusto dos Anjos (1884-1908), José Américo de Almeida (1887-1980), José Lins do Rego (1901-1957) and Pedro Américo (1843-1905) (mostly known for his historical paintings). No estado surgiram notáveis poetas e escritores brasileiros: Augusto dos Anjos (1884-1908), José Américo de Almeida,born in Areia (1887-1980), Member of Academia Brasileira de Letras e José Lins do Rego (1901-1957), Member of Academia Brasileira de Letras. Augusto de Carvalho Rodrigues dos Anjos was a Brazilian Poet born in the city of Cruz do Espírito Santo Paraíba, April 20, 1884 José Lins do Rego Cavalcanti ( July 3, 1901 in Pilar Paraíba - December 12, 1957 in Rio de Janeiro) was a Brazilian novelist
Below is a gallery of a few of people from the state of Paraíba (called "paraibanos") who have impacted in diverse fields, ranging from the arts, to culture, politic, and science.