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The superfamily Papilionoidea (from the word "papilion", meaning "butterfly") contains all the butterflies except for the skippers, which are classified in superfamily Hesperioidea, and the moth-like Hedyloidea. The Kamehameha butterfly ( Vanessa tameamea) is one of the two Species of Butterfly native to Hawai‘i (the other is Arthropods are Animals belonging to the Phylum Arthropoda (from Greek ἄρθρον arthron, " Joint " Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described Lepidoptera is an order of Insect that includes Moths and butterflies. The Ditrysia are a natural group or clade of Insects in the Lepidopteran order containing both butterflies and Moths A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a Pierre André Latreille ( November 20, 1762 - February 6, 1833) was a French entomologist. Swallowtail butterflies are large colorful Butterflies which form the family Papilionidae. The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1100 species mostly from tropical Africa and Asia The Nymphalidae is a family of about 5000 Species of butterflies which are distributed throughout most of the world The Lycaenidae are the second-largest family of butterflies, with about 6000 species worldwide whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies The Riodinidae (or metalmarks) are a family of butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small metallic-looking spots commonly Taxonomic rank ( rank, category, taxonomic category is an abstract term used in the Scientific classification, or Taxonomy, of organisms A butterfly is an Insect of the order Lepidoptera. Like all Lepidoptera butterflies are notable for their unusual life cycle with a A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies" is a family of Insects in the Lepidopteran order representing the superfamily
A proposed phylogenetic position of the Papilionoidea is as follows:[1]
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Some authors treat this group as a series Papilioniformes within a single superfamily that also includes the skippers. A skipper is a Butterfly of the family Hesperiidae (superfamily Hesperioidea named after their quick darting flight habits Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies" is a family of Insects in the Lepidopteran order representing the superfamily However not all authors agree that all the butterflies constitute a single clade. A clade is a taxonomic group comprising a single Common ancestor and all the descendants of that ancestor The skippers are significantly different from the other butterflies. The members of the Papilionoidea may be distinguished by the following combination of characters:
- the body is smaller and less moth-like.
- the wings are larger.
- the antennae are straight and clubbed (rather than hooked as in the skippers). Antennae (singular antenna) are paired Appendages connected to the front-most segments of Arthropods In Crustaceans they are
- the caterpillars do not spin cocoons to pupate in. Caterpillars are the Larval form of a member of the order Lepidoptera (the Insect order comprising butterflies and Moths A pupa ( Latin pupa for doll pl pupae or pupas) is the life stage of some Insects undergoing transformation
- the pupae are angular rather than rounded.
Families of Papilionoidea
The five well-supported families of Papilionoidea are:
- Swallowtails and Birdwings, Papilionidae
- Whites or Yellow-Whites, Pieridae
- Blues and Coppers or Gossamer-Winged Butterflies, Lycaenidae
- Metalmark butterflies, Riodinidae
- Brush-footed butterflies, Nymphalidae which contain the following 13 subfamilies:
- the snout butterflies or Libytheinae (formerly the family Libytheidae). Swallowtail butterflies are large colorful Butterflies which form the family Papilionidae. Birdwings are large tropical papilionid butterflies native to mainland and archipelagic Southeast Asia and Australasia (with one Indian Swallowtail butterflies are large colorful Butterflies which form the family Papilionidae. The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1100 species mostly from tropical Africa and Asia The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing approximately 1100 species mostly from tropical Africa and Asia The Lycaenidae are the second-largest family of butterflies, with about 6000 species worldwide whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies The Lycaenidae are the second-largest family of butterflies, with about 6000 species worldwide whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies The Riodinidae (or metalmarks) are a family of butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small metallic-looking spots commonly The Riodinidae (or metalmarks) are a family of butterflies. The common name "metalmarks" refers to the small metallic-looking spots commonly The Nymphalidae is a family of about 5000 Species of butterflies which are distributed throughout most of the world The Nymphalidae is a family of about 5000 Species of butterflies which are distributed throughout most of the world
- the Danaids or Danainae (formerly the family Danaidae). Milkweed butterflies are a Subfamily, Danainae, in the family Nymphalidae, or brush-footed butterflies
- the Tellervinae.
- the glasswings or Ithomiinae.
- the Calinaginae. Calinaginae is a butterfly subfamily from the family Nymphalidae.
- the morphos and owls or Morphinae (including the owls as tribe Brassolini). Morphinae is a Subfamily of Nymphalidae Butterflies that includes the morphos, the Owl butterflies ( Caligo) and related
- the Browns or Satyrinae (formerly the family Satyridae). Satyrinae, the satyrines or satyrids, commonly known as the Browns, is a Subfamily of the Nymphalidae (brush-footed Butterflies
- the Charaxinae (preponas and leaf butterflies). Charaxinae, the leafwings, is a nymphalid Subfamily of butterflies that includes about 400 Species, inhabiting mainly the tropics
- the Biblidinae. Biblidinae is a Subfamily of nymphalid butterflies that includes the tropical brushfoots.
- the Apaturinae.
- the nymphs or Nymphalinae. Nymphalinae is a Subfamily of nymphalid Butterflies. Sometimes the Limenitidinae (and Biblidinae) are included here as a tribe
- the Limenitidinae (especially the adelphas) (formerly the family Limenitididae). Limentidinae is a Subfamily of Butterflies that includes admirals and their relatives
- the tropical longwings or Heliconiinae. The Heliconiinae, commonly called heliconians or longwings, are a Subfamily of the Brush-footed butterflies ( family Nymphalidae
Of the subfamilies of Nymphalidae, only the Morphinae and Satyrinae are possibly paraphyletic, but these two subfamilies form a strongly-supported clade with the Charaxinae as sister-group. [2]
References
- ^ Tree of Life Accessed January 2007
- ^ Gerardo Lamas (2008) Systematics of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) in the world: current state abd future prespectives (in Spanish). In: Jorge Llorente-Bousquets and Analía Lanteri (eds. ) Contribuiciones taxonómicas en ordens de insectos hiperdiversos. Mexico City: UNAM. Pp. 57-70.
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