| Ancient Region of Anatolia Paphlagonia (Παφλαγονία) |
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| Location | North central Anatolia |
| State existed: | 5th c-183 BC |
| Language | Paphlagonian |
| Historical capitals | Gangra |
| Roman province | Pontus |
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Paphlagonia was an ancient area on the Black Sea coast of north central Anatolia, situated between Bithynia and Pontus, and separated from Phrygia (later, Galatia) by a prolongation to the east of the Bithynian Olympus. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Çankırı is capital city of Çankırı Province, in Turkey, about northeast of Ankara. In Ancient Rome, a province (Latin provincia, pl provinciae) was the basic and until the Tetrarchy (circa Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Description Several major cities sat on the fertile shores of the Propontis (which is now known as Sea of Marmara) Nicomedia, Chalcedon, Cius Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges In antiquity Phrygia (Φρυγία was a kingdom in the west central part of Anatolia, in what is now modern-day Turkey. Ancient Galatia was an area in the highlands of central Anatolia in modern Turkey. According to Strabo, the river Parthenius formed the western limit of the region, and it was bounded on the east by the Halys river. Strabo ( Greek: Στράβων 63/64 BC – ca AD 24 was a Greek historian, geographer and philosopher.
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Geography
The greater part of Paphlagonia is a rugged mountainous country, but it contains fertile valleys and produces a great abundance of hazelnuts and fruit – particularly plums, cherries and pears. The mountains are clothed with dense forests, conspicuous for the quantity of boxwood that they furnish. Hence, its coasts were occupied by Greeks from an early period. Colonies in antiquity were City-states founded from a mother- City Among these, the flourishing city of Sinope, founded from Miletus about 630 BC, stood pre-eminent. Sinop ( Greek: Σινώπη /Sinope is a city with a population of 47000 on İnce Burun ( İnceburun, Cape Ince) by its Miletus (mī lē' təs ( Ancient Greek: Μίλητος literally Transliterated Milētos, Latin Miletus) was an Ancient Events and trends 636 BC — Duke Wen of Jin ascends to power in the State of Jin during the Zhou Dynasty of China. Amastris, a few miles east of the Parthenius river, became important under the rule of the Macedonian monarchs; while Amisus, a colony of Sinope situated a short distance east of the Halys river (and therefore not strictly in Paphlagonia as defined by Strabo), grew to become almost a rival of its parent city. Amasra (pop 7000 anciently called Amastris) is a small Black Sea port town in the Bartın Province, Turkey. Samsun ( Greek: Σαμψούντα, Samsounta, Amisos) is a city in northern Turkey, on the coast of the Black
The most considerable towns of the interior were Gangra – in ancient times the capital of the Paphlagonian kings, afterwards called Germanicopolis, situated near the frontier of Galatia – and Pompeiopolis, in the valley of the Amnias river, near extensive mines of the mineral called by Strabo sandarake (red arsenic or arsenic sulfide), largely exported from Sinope. Çankırı is capital city of Çankırı Province, in Turkey, about northeast of Ankara. Germanicopolis (Greek) may refer to several cities named after Germanicus Çankırı, Germanicopolis in ancient Paphlagonia Ermenek, Pompeiopolis was a Roman city-state and a Titular see in ancient Paphlagonia, situated today in the Taşköprü district Kastamonu, Turkey
History
Although the Paphlagonians play scarcely any part in history, they were one of the most ancient nations of Anatolia (Iliad, ii. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black 851—857).
In the times of the Hittites, it Paphlagonia had been inhabited by the Kashka people, whose exact ethnic relation to the Paphlagonians is uncertain. The Hittites were an ancient Anatolian people who spoke a language of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family and established See Kaska for the First Nations people in the Yukon and British Columbia Canada For kas-kas, or poppy seeds refer to Poppy It seems perhaps that they were related to the people of the adjoining country, Cappadocia, who were speakers of one of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European languages. The Anatolian languages are a group of extinct Indo-European languages which were spoken in Asia Minor, the best attested of them being the Hittite language Their language would appear, from Strabo's testimony, to have been distinctive.
Paphlagonians were mentioned by Herodotus among the peoples conquered by Croesus, and they sent an important contingent to the army of Xerxes in 480 BC. Herodotus of Halicarnassus ( Greek: Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek Historian who lived in the 5th century BC ( 484 BC&ndash This article refers to the historical King of Lydia For the opera by Reinhard Keiser, see Croesus (opera. Xerxes I of Persia was a King of Persia (reigned 485–465 BC of the Achaemenid dynasty. Events By place Greece May — King Xerxes I of Persia marches from Sardis and onto Thrace Xenophon speaks of them as being governed by a prince of their own, without any reference to the neighboring satraps, a freedom perhaps due to the nature of their country, with its lofty mountain ranges and difficult passes. Xenophon (Ancient Greek, Modern Greek "Ξενοφών" "Ξενοφώντας" ca See also the related deity Satrapes. Satrap (Persian ساتراپ was the name given to the governors of the Provinces of ancient All these rulers appear to have borne the name Pylaimenes as a sign that they claimed descent from the chieftain of that name who figures in the Iliad as leader of the Paphlagonians. The Iliad ( Greek: Ἰλιάς (Ancient Ιλιάδα (Modern is together with the Odyssey, one of two ancient
Under the Kingdom of Pontus
At a later period, Paphlagonia passed under the control of the Macedonian kings, and after the death of Alexander the Great, it was assigned, together with Cappadocia and Mysia, to Eumenes. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Cappadocia (or Capadocia, Turkish Kapadokya, from Greek: Καππαδοκία / Kappadokía which in turn is from the Persian: Mysia (Μυσία was a region in the northwest of ancient Asia Minor or Anatolia (part of modern Turkey) Eumenes of Cardia ( Greek: Ευμένης ca 362 BC—316 BC was a Greek general and scholar However, it continued to be governed by native princes until it was absorbed by the encroaching power of Pontus. Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges The rulers of that dynasty became masters of the greater part of Paphlagonia as early as the reign of Mithridates Ctistes (302–266 BC), but it was not until 183 BC that Pharnaces reduced the Greek city of Sinope under their control. Mithridates I Ctistes (in Greek Mιθριδάτης Kτίστης; reigned 302 BC - 266 BC was the founder (this is the meaning of the word Ctistes Events By place Asia Minor Following their agreement to work together to defeat Antigonus, Seleucus invades Asia Minor Events By place Asia Minor Ariobarzanes becomes the second king of Pontus, succeeding his father Mithridates I Ctistes Events By place Roman Republic Roman colonies are established at Mutina (later Modena) Pisa and Parma Pharnaces I (in Greek Φαρνάκης lived 2nd century BC) fifth king of Pontus, was the son of Mithridates III, who he succeeded The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca Sinop ( Greek: Σινώπη /Sinope is a city with a population of 47000 on İnce Burun ( İnceburun, Cape Ince) by its From that time, the whole province was incorporated into the kingdom of Pontus until the fall of Mithridates (65 BC). Geography The Black Sea region loosely called Pontus by various scholars has a steep rocky coast with rivers that cascade through the gorges of the coastal ranges See Mithridates for people and concepts with the same name Mithridates VI (Μιθριδάτης 132&ndash63 BC also known as Mithridates Year 65 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome In response to the illegal exercise of Citizen rights
Roman Empire
Pompey united the coastal districts of Paphlagonia, along with the greater part of Pontus, with the Roman province of Bithynia, but left the interior of the country under the native princes, until the dynasty became extinct and the whole country was incorporated into the Roman Empire. Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The name was still retained by geographers, though its boundaries are not distinctly defined by the geographer Claudius Ptolemy. Claudius Ptolemaeus ( Greek: Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; after 83 &ndash ca Paphlagonia reappeared as a separate province in the 5th century AD (Hierocles, Synecd. The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in Anno Domini / Common Era. c. 33).
Notable people
- Theodora (9th century) wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus
- John Mauropous (11th century) Greek poet and author
External links
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Theodora (Greek Θεοδώρα c 815 - after 867 was the wife of the Byzantine emperor Theophilus. The 9th century is the period from 801 to 900 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. John Mauropous ( Greek: Ιωάννης Μαυρόπους "Ioannes Mauropous" was a Byzantine Greek poet Hymnographer and author of letters The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
| Historical regions of Anatolia | |
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| Aeolis | Cappadocia | Caria | Cilicia | Bithynia | Galatia | Ionia | Lycaonia | Lycia | Lydia | Mysia | Pamphylia | Paphlagonia | Phrygia | Pisidia | Pontos | Troad | |
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