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The pandura is an ancient string instrument from the Mediterranian basin. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The angélique (French from Italian angelica) is a plucked string instrument of the Lute family of the baroque era The archlute (Italian arciliuto, German Erzlaute, Russian Архилютня) is a European plucked String instrument developed around 1600 The balalaika (балала́йка) (also Balabaika балаба́йка - is a stringed instrument of Russian origin with a characteristic triangular body and The barbat is a Lute of ancient Persian origin History The barbat originated in Persia in ancient times and was refined during the The bağlama is a stringed Musical instrument shared by various Cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean, Near East, and Central The bouzouki ( gr το μπουζούκι pl. τα μπουζούκια (plural sometimes transliterated as bouzoukia) is the mainstay of modern This article is about an instrument For the album by British Trip-Hop band Morcheeba, see Charango. Chitarra Italiana is a Lute -shaped plucked instrument with 4 or 5 single (sometimes double strings in a tuning similar to that of guitar The dombra is a long-necked Stringed instrument possessing a wooden resonating chamber somewhat similar to a Banjo Not to be confused with Dombra The domra (Russian language домра is a long-necked Russian String instrument The dutar ( Persian: دو تار, Uzbek: dutor (also dotar or doutar) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed Lute Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from A mandolin is a musical instrument in the Lute family (plucked or strummed The oud ( عود ʿūd, plural أعواد, a‘wād; kaban; Persian: بربط barbat; ud The term tanbūr ( Persian: تنبور) can refer to various long-necked Fretted Lutes originating in the Middle East Tanbur (spelled Tambur in keeping with TDK conventions is a fretted string instrument of Turkey and the former lands of the Ottoman Empire The tembûr, a Fretted String instrument, is a form of tanbūr. A theorbo (tiorba also tuorbe; tiorba Theorbe is a plucked string instrument A tiorbino, a little Theorbo ( tiorbo in Italian is a rare stringed instrument a type of long-necked Lute resembling a Theorbo but significantly A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs
The ancient Greek pandoura (or pandora) was a medium or long-necked lute with a small resonating chamber. Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from Some versions may have had three strings: such an instrument was also known as the trichordon (McKinnon 1984:10). Renato Meucci (1996) suggests that the larger instruments of this type were called chitarra italiana, mandore or mandola. In the eighteenth century the pandurina (mandore) often referred to mandolino milanese.
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Regional variations
Pandur
In Chechnya (a Russian republic West of Dagestan, just North-East of Georgia in the Caucasus) exists a similar traditional instrument. The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika The Republic of Dagestan dæɡɪˈstɑːn (IntEng ˈdeɪɡəstæn (AmEng (Респу́блика Дагеста́н Дагъистанлъул ДжумхIурият Daɣistanłul Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between
Panduri
Panduri is a traditional Georgian three-string instrument widely spread in all regions of Eastern Georgia: such as Pshavkhevsureti, Tusheti, Kakheti and Kartli. Eastern Georgia commonly refers to the Eastern part of the nation of Georgia, which in historic times included the kingdom of Iberia in the Caucasus Tusheti, or Tushetia, is a historic region in northeast Georgia. Kakheti ( Georgian: კახეთი is a province in Eastern Georgia. Kartli (ქართლი is the largest and most populated province of Eastern Georgia. In general, Panduri is generally used as an accompaniment instrument (it accompanies one-part heroic, comic and love songs, but sometimes it is used in dances too). There are two kinds of this instrument in Georgia: one of them is “Panduri” itself and another is called “Chonguri”. But “Chonguri” as we will see below though looks like Panduri represents a completely different instrument. A three-stringed lute (played by strumming) from the highland and lowland regions of Eastern Georgia, and rarely found in Western Georgia ( Upper Imereti and Racha). The two-stringed panduri survives in Khevsureti. The panduri is another popular plucked instrument from Georgia, and looks very similar to the chonguri (see above). The main differences are : The panduri is smaller, it lacks the string halfway (so the panduri has just 3 nylon strings), and the panduri has frets.
The frets are usually made of wood inlayed in the front of the neck. On some there are 7 frets to an octave, but nowadays also chromatic fretting can be found.
The body of the panduri is usually more in the shape of a spade, so less with a parallel sided endblock. It is almost always made carved from one block of wood.
Tuning would be : e b a', or g a c', and playing is often strumming to accompany singing.
Tuning of the three-stringed panduri: g - a – c1
Tuning of the two-stringed panduri: d - c1
Chonguri
Four stringed unfretted lute type. Used almost exclusively for the accompaniment of singing.
Pandore
Tambura was introduced to India from Iran. The tambura ( Hindi: तानपूरा is a type of Stringed instrument found in different versions in different places around the world most are plucked Tambura is a simplified version of sitar which is made of wood and has a potbelly with a long unfretted neck. Tambura is positioned upright and its body rests on the player's right thigh. The strings are stroked instead of plucked.
Afghanistan
In Afghanistan the pandura is called a dambura or dunbura, and is a popular folk instrument particularly among the Hazara people. The dambura (also danbura) is a plucked String instrument, part of the Lute family played mainly in northern Afghanistan, Tajikistan The Hazāra ( are a Persian-speaking people residing in the central region of Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan. Among the famous Afghan danbura players is Safdar Tawakoli. Safdar Tawakoli (born 1942 holds a unique place in the history of music of Afghanistan in general and Hazaragi music in particular
References
- J. W. McKinnon "Pandoura" in New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments Vol 3 p 10 ed S. Sadie (Macmillan Press, London 1984).
- Gill, Donald 1984. [title missing]
See also
External links
- Tanbur Society for the preservation and propagation of the tanbur. The tambura ( Hindi: तानपूरा is a type of Stringed instrument found in different versions in different places around the world most are plucked The term tanbūr ( Persian: تنبور) can refer to various long-necked Fretted Lutes originating in the Middle East Bandura (Банду́ра refers to a Ukrainian plucked string folk instrument.
- Hittite Old Tanbur Picture
- Pandoura: the greco-Roman lyre of antiquity
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