Tornado IDS/ECR
German Luftwaffe Tornado IDS
Type	Ground attack Electronic warfare
Manufacturer	Panavia Aircraft GmbH
Maiden flight	14 August 1974
Introduced	1979
Status	Operational
Primary users	Royal Air Force German Air Force Italian Air Force Royal Saudi Air Force
Produced	1979-1999
Number built	992
Variants	Panavia Tornado ADV

The Panavia Tornado is a family of twin-engine combat aircraft, which was jointly developed by the United Kingdom, West Germany and Italy. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. An aerospace manufacturer is a company or individual involved in the various aspects of designing building testing selling and maintaining Aircraft, Aircraft parts Panavia Aircraft GmbH is a multinational company established by the three partner nations of the Tornado Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA project Germany The maiden flight of an Aircraft is the first occasion on which an aircraft leaves the ground of its own accord Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures This is a list of Aviation -related events from 1974 Events March March 3 - Turkish Airlines Flight 981, a DC-10 ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. The Aeronautica Militare is the Air force of Italy. It has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. The Royal Saudi Air Force (القوات الجوية الملكية السعودية) is the Air force branch of Saudi Arabian armed forces. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A military aircraft is any fixed-wing or rotary-wing Aircraft that is in the current employ of a Military power The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest There are three primary versions of the Tornado; the Tornado IDS (Interdictor/Strike) fighter-bomber, the suppression of enemy air defences Tornado ECR (Electronic Combat/Reconnaissance) and the Tornado ADV (Air Defence Variant) interceptor. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For information about the Spacecraft of the Star Wars universe, see Interdictor Cruiser. Ground-attack aircraft are military aircraft designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as Close air support for and in proximity to their own ground forces Electronic warfare ( EW) is the use of the Electromagnetic spectrum to effectively deny the use of this medium by an adversary while optimizing its use by friendly WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout An interceptor aircraft (or simply interceptor) is a type of Fighter aircraft designed specifically to intercept and destroy enemy Aircraft, particularly It is one of the world's most sophisticated and capable interdiction and attack aircraft, with a large payload, long range and high survivability.

Developed and built by Panavia, a tri-national consortium consisting of British Aerospace (then the British Aircraft Corporation), MBB of West Germany, and Alenia Aeronautica of Italy, the Tornado first flew on August 14, 1974, and saw action with the RAF and AMI (Italian Air Force) in the Gulf War. Panavia Aircraft GmbH is a multinational company established by the three partner nations of the Tornado Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA project Germany British Aerospace (BAe was a UK aircraft and defence-systems manufacturer that is now part of BAE Systems. The British Aircraft Corporation ( BAC) was a British Aircraft manufacturer formed from the government-pressured merger of English Electric Aviation Messerschmitt AG was a famous German Aircraft manufacturer known primarily for its World War II Fighter aircraft, notably the Bf 109 Alenia Aeronautica is an Aerospace engineering corporation in Italy, a subsidiary of Finmeccanica. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. The Aeronautica Militare is the Air force of Italy. It has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. International co-operation continued after its entry into service within the Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment, a tri-nation training and evaluation unit operating from RAF Cottesmore, England. The Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment (TTTE was a unit based at RAF Cottesmore in Rutland, England. Station crest The badge of RAF Cottesmore consists of a Hunting horn, a Five-pointed star and a horseshoe Including all variants, 992 aircraft were built for the three partner nations and Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi

Development

Operators of the Panavia Tornado

During the 1960s, aeronautical designers looked to variable geometry designs to gain the manoeuvrability and efficient cruise of straight wings with the speed of swept-wing designs. A Variable-sweep wing is an Aeroplane Wing that may be swept back and then returned to its original position during flight Britain and France initiated the AFVG (Anglo French Variable Geometry) project in 1965, which ended with French withdrawal in 1967. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In 1968, West Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, Italy, and Canada formed a working group to examine replacements for the F-104 Starfighter, initially called the Multi Role Aircraft (MRA), and later called the Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA). West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Britain joined the MRCA group in 1968, and a memorandum of agreement was drafted between Britain, West Germany, and Italy.

A formation including a USAF F-15C, West German Tornado and RAF Tornado.

The program was intended to produce a single-seat replacement for the F-104G, and a two-seat strike fighter for Britain and West Germany. Canada and Belgium pulled out in 1969. The four remaining partner nations - United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, formed Panavia Aircraft GmbH on 26 March 1969, though the Netherlands would pull out in 1970. Panavia Aircraft GmbH is a multinational company established by the three partner nations of the Tornado Multi Role Combat Aircraft (MRCA project Germany Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom and West Germany each had a 42. 5% stake, with the remaining 15% going to Italy. The scope of work for production was also agreed upon - the front fuselage and tail assembly in the United Kingdom, the center fuselage in West Germany, and the wings in Italy. A separate multinational company, Turbo Union, was formed in June 1970 to develop and build the RB199 engines for the aircraft, with ownership similarly split 40% Rolls-Royce, 40% MTU, and 20% FIAT. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Rolls-Royce plc ( is a British Aircraft engine maker and the second-largest in the world behind GE Aviation. MTU Aero Engines is Germany 's leading Aircraft engine manufacturer Fiat SpA (an Acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino (Italian Automobile Factory of Turin) is an Italian automobile manufacturer

At the conclusion of the project definition phase in May 1970, the concepts were reduced to two designs; a single seat Panavia 100 which West Germany initially preferred, and the twin seat Panavia 200 which the RAF preferred and which would become the Tornado. In September 1971 the three governments signed an Intention to Proceed (ITP) document. At this point, the aircraft was intended solely for the low-level strike mission. The RAF decided it needed an air defence fighter, and initiated the development of the Tornado ADV. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

The contract for the Batch 1 aircraft was signed on 29 July 1976. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat The first aircraft were delivered to the RAF and Luftwaffe on 5 June and 6 June 1979 respectively. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year The first Italian Tornado was delivered on 25 September 1981. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France On 29 January 1981 the Tri-national Tornado Training Establishment (TTTE) officially opened at RAF Cottesmore. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Station crest The badge of RAF Cottesmore consists of a Hunting horn, a Five-pointed star and a horseshoe

Production ended in 1998; The last aircraft was completed by British Aerospace on 24 September, a RSAF IDS. Events 622 - Prophet Muhammad completes his hegira from Mecca to Medina.

Design

The Tornado undergoing maintenance.

The Tornado was designed as a low-level supersonic ground attack bomber, capable of taking off and landing in short distances. This requires good high-speed and low-speed flying characteristics. In general, an aircraft which is designed to fly at high speeds usually has poor low-speed characteristics. In order to achieve the desired high-speed performance, an aircraft has a highly swept or ‘delta’ wing platform. However, these wing designs are very inefficient at low speeds where unswept wing planforms are required. In order for an aircraft to be operated efficiently at both high and low speeds, variable wing sweep is a desirable feature; this was incorporated into the Tornado design. A Variable-sweep wing is an Aeroplane Wing that may be swept back and then returned to its original position during flight

When the wings are swept back, the Tornado IDS increases its high-speed low-level capability by reducing drag. When sweeping, the wings partially slide into the fuselage, reducing the exposed wing area. This gives the aircraft a low gust response in turbulent low-level winds. This not only makes flight much more comfortable for the aircrew but makes the aircraft a more stable platform from which to aim and deliver unguided weapons at low level.

The aircraft was designed to be land-based and operate from large airfields that were considered to be vulnerable to aerial attack. Therefore, during the development of the aircraft, short field landing capability was considered essential in order to enable the aircraft to operate from short strips on potentially damaged runways and taxiways. With the wings swept fully forwards the Tornado IDS generates greater lift because of the increased exposed wing area and the utility of full-span flaps and slats. This gives greater lift at lower speeds, reducing the minimum landing speed required and therefore giving shorter landing distances. Thrust reversers are also fitted to help in this respect, the Saab Viggen being the only other fighter aircraft to include this feature. The reversers contribute to the appearance of soot on the fin surface.

The cockpit is of conventional design with a centre stick and left hand throttles. An aircraft Cockpit arrangement where the control column (or Joystick) is located conventionally in the centre of the cockpit between the pilot 's legs In general, when the pilot wants to fly at low speed, a cockpit selection lever is used to sweep the wings forward. This maximises lift. When flying faster the wings are swept further back. In flight the Tornado GR4 uses three sweep angles - 25, 45 and 67 degrees, with a corresponding speed range appropriate for each angle. Sweep may also change automatically to accommodate different store configurations, as these directly affect lift and drag characteristics.

Operational history

German Air Force (Luftwaffe)

A West German Tornado IDS in the colors of the German Navy.

A flight of Italian Tornado IDS's.

The prototype model made its first flight on 14 August 1974 from Manching airbase in what was then West Germany. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. For the airport see Ingolstadt Manching Airport Manching is a municipality in the district of Pfaffenhofen, in Bavaria West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany ( The first service delivery was made on 27 July 1979, with deliveries totaling 247 IDS variants, including 35 special ECR. Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) German Tornados undertook NATO combat operations during the Kosovo War, the first combat operation for the Luftwaffe since World War II. The North Atlantic Treaty The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including British and Italian IDSs also participated.

Beginning in 2000 German RECCE, IDS and ECR Tornadoes received the ASSTA 1 Upgrade. The integration of the ASSTA 2 upgrade began in 2005.

In 2007, a detachment of 6 Tornados of the Aufklärungsgeschwader 51 "Immelmann" (51st reconnaissance wing) deployed to Mazar-i-Sharif, Northern Afghanistan, to support NATO forces. Aufklärungsgeschwader 51 "Immelmann" (Tactical Reconnaissance Wing 51 "Immelmann" is a tactical reconnaissance wing of the Luftwaffe. Mazār-e Sharīf ( is the fourth largest city of Afghanistan, with population of 300600 people (2006 estimate Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, ^[1]

German Navy (Marineflieger)

In addition to the order made by the Luftwaffe, the German Navy's Marineflieger also received 112 IDS variants ^[2]. The German Navy ( Deutsche Marine ( is the Navy of Germany and part of the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces The Marineflieger is the naval air arm of the German Navy. Aircraft Inventory ! style="text-align left background #aacccc"|Aircraft! style="text-align These equipped two attack squadrons until 1994, when one was disbanded. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) The second was disbanded in 2005 with its aircraft and duties passed to the Luftwaffe. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare)

The first Italian prototype made its maiden flight on 5 December 1975 from Turin, Italy. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Aeronautica Militare received 100 Tornado IDS (15 were later converted to ECR configuration). They took part in the first Gulf War in 1991, losing one plane to AAA, and in Kosovo in 1999, with the IDS in the bombing role and the ECR for suppression of enemy anti-aircraft radars (firing 115 HARM missiles). There is an ongoing Italian program for improve the Tornado's capabilities. For ten years the Italian Air force used 24 Tornado ADVs, leased from the Royal Air Force as stop-gap between the retirement of the F-104 Starfighter and the introduction of the Eurofighter. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout It is planned to replace the Tornado IDS/ECR fleet in Italian service with the F-35 Lightning II. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Royal Air Force

A British RAF Tornado GR1.

The first British prototype made its maiden flight on 30 October 1974. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 1974 ( MCMLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. On 11 July 1985 the RAF reconnaissance version (GR1A) made its maiden flight. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) RAF Tornado GR1s were used during the Gulf War, Operation Desert Fox and the Kosovo War. The December 1998 bombing of Iraq (code-named Operation Desert Fox) was a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets from December 16 - December 19

For the Gulf War (Operation Granby), the ALARM missile and TIALD pod were rushed into service for RAF IDSs. Operation Granby was the name given to the British military operations during the Gulf War in 1991 ALARM ( Air Launched Anti-Radiation Missile) is a British Anti-radiation missile designed primarily to destroy enemy radars for the purpose of TIALD, the Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator pod is manufactured by SELEX Galileo and is the UK's laser designator for Laser-guided bombs Seven aircraft were lost to ground fire. [1] It is said that these Tornados were shot down during delivery of the JP233 missions by AAA fire and MANPADS, whereas in fact none of the losses occurred during the attack phase of a JP 233 mission (one Tornado was shot down three minutes after the attack had been completed). The JP233 was a British Submunition delivery system consisting of a pair of large pods carrying several hundred submunitions designed to attack Runways

Laser guided bombing was introduced at Muharraq on 2 February using Buccaneers as airborne designators. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Over 1500 bombing sorties and 100 JP233 sorties were flown by RAF Tornados during the Gulf War. [2]

On 14 February 1994 the RAF received the first GR. Events 842 - Charles the Bald and Louis the German swear the Oaths of Strasbourg in the French and German Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) 1B maritime strike aircraft.

As early as May 1984 the UK Ministry of Defence began studies for the first Tornado upgrade project, however the project stalled. The Ministry of Defence ( MoD) is the United Kingdom government department responsible for implementation of government defence policy and is the headquarters In March 1993 a new Mid-Life Upgrade (MLU) project was launched. On 29 May the first GR. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the 4 development aircraft made its maiden flight. On 29 July 1994 the UK signed a contract for MLU of GR1/GR1A/GR1Bs to GR. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat 4/GR. 4A standard. The first flight of an upgraded GR4 was on 4 April 1997, with the first delivery to the RAF occurring on 31 October. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Events 445 BC – Ezra reads the Book of the Law to the Israelites in Jerusalem (see Nehemiah 91 NLTse The GR4 entered front line service on 28 April 1998. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) The Tornado GR4 made its operational debut in patrols during Operation Southern Watch. Operation Southern Watch was an operation conducted by Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTF-SWA with the mission of monitoring and controlling airspace The aircraft flew from Ali Al Salem in Kuwait, and patrolled a large part of southern Iraq. Several times bombs were dropped when the aircraft were fired upon by Iraqi ground defences.

The GR4 version's full wartime debut came in Operation Telic, the British part of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Operation (or Op TELIC is the codename under which all British operations of the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and after are being conducted The aircraft, according to all indications in the public domain, performed well. The campaign in Iraq marked a number of firsts for the aircraft. No. 617 Squadron used the Storm Shadow Missile for the first time, and enhanced Paveway smart bombs were used to attack runways. No 617 Squadron of the Royal Air Force is better known as the "Dambusters" squadron Storm Shadow is an Anglo - French air-launched Cruise missile, manufactured by MBDA and used by France Italy and the United Kingdom Paveway is a trademark of Raytheon Company which identifies its variants of Laser Guided Bombs (LGB On 23 March 2003 a Tornado GR4 was lost to friendly fire when it was engaged and shot down by a U. Events 1174 - Jocelin, Abbot of Melrose, is elected Bishop of Glasgow. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Friendly fire or non-hostile fire, a term originally adopted by the United States military, refers to fire from one's own side or allied forces as S. Patriot missile battery. The MIM-104 Patriot is a Surface-to-air missile (SAM system the primary of its kind used by the United States Army and several allied nations Both crew members were killed.

Royal Saudi Air Force (Al Quwwat al Jawwiya al Malakhiah as Sa'udiya)

Saudi Arabian Tornado ADV variant.

On September 25, 1985, UK and Saudi Arabia signed the Al Yamamah I contract including, amongst other things, the sale of 48 IDS and 24 ADV model Tornados. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) Al Yamamah ( اليمامة The Dove) is the name of a series of a record Arms sales by the United Kingdom to Saudi Arabia, which The first flight of a RSAF Tornado IDS was on March 26, 1986, and the first Saudi ADV was delivered on February 9, 1989. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1986 ( MCMLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link displays 1986 Gregorian calendar) Events 474 - Zeno crowned as co-emperor of the Byzantine Empire. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Saudi Tornados undertook operations during the Gulf War. In June 1993 the Al Yamamah II contract was signed, the main element of which was 48 additional IDSs. Al Yamamah ( اليمامة The Dove) is the name of a series of a record Arms sales by the United Kingdom to Saudi Arabia, which

In September 2006 it was reported that the Saudi government signed a contract worth £2. 5 billion ($4. 7 billion) with BAE Systems to upgrade possibly 80 aircraft in the Saudi Air Force fleet which it wants to keep until 2020.

Variants

The Tornado is cleared to carry almost all the air-launched weapons in the NATO inventory, including cluster bombs, anti-runway munitions, and nuclear weapons. The North Atlantic Treaty Cluster munitions or cluster bombs are air-dropped or ground-launched munitions that eject a number of smaller submunitions a cluster of bomblets A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. The aircraft also has a limited air-to-air capability with Sidewinder AAMs. The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters RAF IDS variants were initial designated the Tornado GR1 with later modified aircraft designated Tornado GR1A, Tornado GR1B, Tornado GR4 and Tornado GR4A. Since the end of the First World War, aircraft types in British military service have generally been known by a "type name" assigned by their Manufacturer The GR1 was delivered in a dark sea-grey/dark-green wraparound camouflage, but this was changed to dark grey during the late 1990s. In operations over Iraq some GR1s received a sandy "pink" scheme. GR4s participating in the 2003 Iraq War were painted in a light grey scheme. German Navy examples normally sported a distinctive black/blue/gunmetal grey camouflage pattern.

RAF Tornado GR1

Formation flight of an RAF Tornado GR. 1 and a Tornado F. 2 prototype.

The RAF Tornado GR1 was the first generation version of the Panavia Tornado strike aircraft of the Royal Air Force. The first of 228 GR1s was delivered on June 5, 1979 and the type entered service in the early 1980s. Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) 142 aircraft were upgraded to GR4 standard from 1997 to 2002, after which time the GR. 1 designation was abandoned.

The Tornado was designed for ultra-low-level penetration strikes on Warsaw Pact targets in Europe using both conventional and tactical nuclear weapons, e. The Warsaw Pact (see Nomenclature) was an organization of Communist states in Central and Eastern Europe. g WE.177. WE177 was the last air-launched nuclear bomb of the British Armed Forces. However, the end of the Cold War precluded it from ever seeing that use. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the A major feature of the GR. 1 was its terrain-following radar, which allowed all-weather hands-off low-level flight, but current doctrine eschews extreme low-level flight and relies on inertial navigation with GPS updates rather than TFS. Terrain-following radar (TFR is an Aerospace technology that allows a very-low-flying Aircraft to automatically maintain a relatively constant altitude The RAF Tornado IDS aircraft have a Laser Range Finder and Marked Target Seeker (LRMTS) under the fuselage on the starboard side, just forward of the nose landing gear in an aerodynamic fairing. A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. Starboard is the nautical term that refers to the right side of a vessel as perceived by a person on board a vessel and facing the bow (front In Aviation, the undercarriage or landing gear is the structure (usually wheels that supports an Aircraft on the ground and allows it to taxi This system consists of a laser that can be used to measure the slant range of a point on the ground relative to the aircraft. In Telecommunication, slant range is the line-of-sight distance between two points which are not at the same level relative to a specific datum This information is then used by the aircraft's avionics to compute targeting information for the crew. Avionics means "aviation electronics" It comprises electronic systems for use on aircraft artificial satellites and spacecraft comprising Communications The LRMTS laser sensor can also be used to receive reflected laser energy from a third-party laser, allowing the crew to find targets that have been marked by troops on the ground or another aircraft. The laser cannot be used for guiding laser-guided bombs. A laser-guided bomb (LGB is a Precision-guided munition (PGM that uses semi-active Laser homing to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than a free-fall IDS aircraft supplied to Italy, West Germany and the Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment do not have the LRMTS system, but the aircraft supplied to the Royal Saudi Air Force do. The Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment (TTTE was a unit based at RAF Cottesmore in Rutland, England.

Its actual combat debut came in 1991 in the Gulf War. Nearly 60 GR1s were deployed by the United Kingdom to air bases at Muharraq (Bahrain), Tabuk and Dhahran in Saudi Arabia^[3]. Muharraq ( (meaning Place of Ashes is Bahrain 's second largest city and served as its capital until 1923 The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf For the city in the Philippines see Tabuk City Kalinga. For the Iraqi rifle see Tabuk Sniper Rifle Tabuk (تبوك also spelled This article is about Dhahran the city For the Saudi Aramco residential compound see Dhahran Aramco Camp. In the early stages of Operation Granby RAF Tornado GR. Operation Granby was the name given to the British military operations during the Gulf War in 1991 1s were used to target Iraqi military airfields using 1,000 lb (450 kg) unguided bombs in loft-bombing attacks and the JP233 runway denial weapon. A gravity bomb is an Aircraft -delivered Bomb that does not contain a Guidance system and hence simply follows a ballistic Trajectory Toss bombing (sometimes known as loft bombing) is a method of Bombing where the attacking Aircraft pulls upwards when releasing its bomb load giving the The JP233 was a British Submunition delivery system consisting of a pair of large pods carrying several hundred submunitions designed to attack Runways Six RAF Tornados were lost, as was one Italian Tornado. Of the RAF aircraft, 4 were lost while delivering unguided bombs, one was lost after delivering JP233, and one was lost trying to deliver laser-guided bombs. A laser-guided bomb (LGB is a Precision-guided munition (PGM that uses semi-active Laser homing to strike a designated target with greater accuracy than a free-fall ^[4]

Following the end of the initial phase of the war, the GR. 1s were switched to medium level strike missions. However they lacked both equipment and training to complete these missions properly. In an emergency deployment, the UK sent out a detachment of Blackburn Buccaneer aircraft equipped with the Pave Spike laser designator, allowing the GR. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Westinghouse AN/ASQ-153\AN/AVQ-23 Pave Spike is an electro-optical laser designator pod used to direct Laser-guided bombs to target in daylight visual conditions A laser designator is a Laser light source which is used to illuminate a target 1s to drop precision guided weapons. A further crash program was initiated which saw some GR. 1s fitted with the TIALD system. TIALD, the Thermal Imaging Airborne Laser Designator pod is manufactured by SELEX Galileo and is the UK's laser designator for Laser-guided bombs In the aftermath of the war, British forces remained in the Gulf, with GR1s being based at Ali Al Salem airbase in Kuwait for operations over the southern no fly zone. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ali Al Salem Air Base is an airfield situated in Kuwait approximately 23 Miles from the Iraqi border The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed GR. 1s based there took part in Operation Desert Fox in 1998. The December 1998 bombing of Iraq (code-named Operation Desert Fox) was a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets from December 16 - December 19

1999 saw further action for the GR1 in the Kosovo War. The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts in Kosovo: 1996–1999 Aircraft operated from RAF Bruggen in Germany during the first part of the war, flying precision strike missions. The former Royal Air Force Station Brüggen, more commonly known as RAF Brüggen, in Germany was a major station of the Royal Air Force until They later moved to a base on Corsica shortly before the war ended to bring them closer to the combat zone. Corsica (Corse Corsican and Italian: Corsica) is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily

Following the Kosovo War, the GR1 was phased out as more and more aircraft were upgraded to the GR4 standard. The final GR. 1 was upgraded in 2003 and returned to the RAF on 10 June. ^[5]

RAF Tornado GR1B

The Tornado GR1B was a specialised anti-shipping variant of the RAF Tornado GR1. Based in Scotland at RAF Lossiemouth, they replaced the Blackburn Buccaneer in the anti-shipping role, delivering the Sea Eagle anti-ship missile. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. RAF Lossiemouth is a Royal Air Force station to the west of the town of Lossiemouth in Moray, Scotland. The BAe Sea Eagle is a medium Weight, ' fire-and-forget ' Sea-skimming Anti-ship missile designed and built by BAe Dynamics (now It did not have the ability to track shipping with its radar and relied on the missile's seeker for target acquisition.

When the Tornado GR1 strike aircraft of the Royal Air Force were updated to the GR4 standard in the late 1990s there was no corresponding GR4B version of the GR4. It was judged that a specialised anti-shipping variant of the aircraft was no longer needed as the threat from surface warships the GR1B was designed to operate against had decreased, and also because the Sea Eagle missile was coming towards the end of its shelf-life and there were no plans to replace it due to the cost of doing so.

RAF Tornado GR4

RAF Tornado GR4 during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

As early as 1984 the UK Ministry of Defence began studies of a Mid-Life Update (MLU) of the aircraft to rectify shortcomings of the GR1. This update, to Tornado GR4 standard would improve capability in the medium level role while maintaining the Tornado's exceptional low-level penetration capability. The GR4 upgrade was not approved until 1994, after it had been revised to include lessons learned from the GR1's performance in the 1991 Gulf War. One major change was the move from low level penetration to medium level attacks, while maintaining the low level capability. The contracts were signed with British Aerospace (later BAE Systems) in 1994 for the upgrade of 142 GR1s to GR4 standard, work began in 1996 and was finished in 2003. BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly

Upgrades to the more than twenty-year old aircraft included FLIR (Forward-Looking InfraRed), a wide-angle HUD (Heads-Up Display), improved cockpit displays, NVG (Night Vision Goggles) capabilities, new avionics and weapons systems, updated computer systems, and a Global Positioning System receiver. A forward looking infrared (FLIR is an imaging device that senses infrared radiation A head-up display, or HUD, is any transparent display that presents data without requiring the user to look away from his or her usual viewpont A cockpit is the area usually near the front of an Aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft A night vision device (NVD is an Optical instrument that allows images to be produced in levels of light approaching total darkness Avionics means "aviation electronics" It comprises electronic systems for use on aircraft artificial satellites and spacecraft comprising Communications A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons Basic concept of GPS operation A GPS receiver calculates its position by carefully timing the signals sent by the constellation of GPS Satellites high above the Earth The updated weapons system allowed integration of the latest offensive weapons, for example the Storm Shadow and Brimstone missiles and reconnaissance equipment such as the RAPTOR pod. Brimstone is an advanced air-launched Anti-tank guided missile developed by MBDA. RAPTOR ( R econnaissance A irborne P od TOR nado is a reconnaissance pod used by the Royal Air Force on its fleet of Tornado GR As of late 2006, the GR4 fleet is being fitted with a new 12. 8-inch Multi-function display in the rear cockpit to replace the circular Combined Radar and Projected Map Display (CRPMD): The BAE Systems Tornado Advanced Radar Display Information System (TARDIS) is an Active-matrix liquid crystal display. A Multi-function display (MFD is a small screen ( CRT or LCD) in an Aircraft surrounded by multiple buttons that can be used to display information BAE Systems plc (BAE is a British defence and aerospace company headquartered in Farnborough, England, that has global interests particularly An active matrix Liquid crystal display ( AMLCD) is a type of Flat panel display, currently the overwhelming choice of Notebook computer ^{[6] [7]} TARDIS is currently being fitted to aircraft of the Fast Jet and Weapons Operational Evaluation Unit (No. No 41 Squadron (also written as "No XLI Squadron" of the Royal Air Force is currently the RAF's Fast Jet 41 Squadron RAF), before being fitted to all GR4 aircraft.

RAF Tornado GR1A/GR4A

The GR. 1A was a reconnaissance variant of the RAF IDS. It is also in service with the Saudi Air Force. With the upgrade of the GR1 to GR4 standard, similarly the GR1A became the GR4A. The GR4A is equipped with the internally mounted TIRRS (Tornado Infra-Red Reconnaissance System), one on each side of the fuselage and a single IRLS (Infra-Red LineScan) reconnaissance sensor mounted on the underside of the fuselage. The sensor package replaced the 27 mm cannon. Unlike most reconnaissance packages which store their images on 35mm film or similar, the GR1A used video tape to save information.

The RAF ordered 30 airframes, either as rebuilds of GR1's or as new airframes, and 25 aircraft were upgraded to GR4A standard. The GR4A retains almost all of the offensive capabilities of the GR4. As RAPTOR becomes the principal reconnaissance sensor of Tornado in RAF service, TIRRS will be phased out. RAPTOR ( R econnaissance A irborne P od TOR nado is a reconnaissance pod used by the Royal Air Force on its fleet of Tornado GR To this end, the RAF's Tactical Reconnaissance Wing at RAF Marham which comprises II Squadron and 13 Squadron now fly both GR4A and GR4 variants, since the sensors specific to the GR4A are not essential to the reconnaissance role. No II (AC Squadron of the Royal Air Force is currently one of two RAF squadrons operating in the Reconnaissance No XIII or 13 Squadron of the Royal Air Force operates the Tornado GR4A and GR4 from RAF Marham

Luftwaffe IDS

Tornado IDS of the (then) West German naval air arm (Marineflieger), June 1984.

The German Air Force (Luftwaffe) received 212 Tornado IDSs. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. On January 13 2004 the then German Defence Minister Peter Struck announced major changes to the German armed forces. Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Federal Ministry of Defence ( Bundesministerium der Verteidigung) is a ministry in the German Cabinet. Peter Struck (born January 24, 1943 in Göttingen) is a Lawyer, member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany and was the A major part of this announcement is the plan to cut the German fighter fleet from 426 in early 2004 to 265 by 2015. Assuming the full German order for 180 Eurofighter Typhoons is fulfilled, this will see the Tornado force reduced to 85. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[8]

Marineflieger IDS

The German Navy's air wing (Marineflieger) received 112 Tornado IDSs. The German Navy ( Deutsche Marine ( is the Navy of Germany and part of the Bundeswehr (German Armed Forces In late 2004 the last Tornado unit was disbanded. The maritime combat role has been assumed by the Luftwaffe which has upgraded a unit of its Tornados to carry the Kormoran II and AGM-88 HARM missiles. The AS34 Kormoran is a German-produced Anti-ship missile. The Kormoran utilizes an inertial guidance system for the midcourse phase switching to active radar homing during Gulf War Friendly Fire Incident During the Gulf War, the HARM was involved in a friendly fire incident when the pilot of an F-4G Wild Weasel escorting

Aeronautica Militare IDS

A Tornado IDS of the Italian Air Force.

The Italian Air Force (Aeronautica Militare Italiana) received 100 Tornado IDS. The Aeronautica Militare is the Air force of Italy. It has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. 57 were operational as of July 2004. In July 2002 Italy signed a contract with NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency (NETMA) and the Panavia partner companies for the initial upgrade of 18 IDSs. Alenia Aeronautica is responsible for the upgrade, the first of which was completed in November 2003. Alenia Aeronautica is an Aerospace engineering corporation in Italy, a subsidiary of Finmeccanica. ^[9] The first phase of the upgrade will see a modernised avionics suite, new digital radios, a SATCOM capability and new weapons capabilities for the carriage of Joint Direct Attack Munitions, Raytheon Enhanced Paveway III laser guided bombs and the MBDA Storm Shadow. Overview The JDAM is not a weapon rather it is a "bolt-on" upgrade for unguided gravity bombs installed during build up of the munition by Naval Ordnancemen or Air Force Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems Raytheon GBU-24 Family MBDA is a missile manufacturer with operations in France, Germany, Italy and Britain. Storm Shadow is an Anglo - French air-launched Cruise missile, manufactured by MBDA and used by France Italy and the United Kingdom A further upgrade is being developed by Alenia which will improve mission capabilities, a new Defence Aids Sub-System (DASS) and a MIDS communications capability. Multifunctional Information Distribution System MIDS is the NATO name for the communication component of Link-16. The decision of whether or not to upgrade the whole fleet will follow, as the purchase of 109 F-35 Lightning II fighters has been decided by the Italian government to replace the Tornado. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout ^[10]

Tornado ECR

Luftwaffe Tornado ECR.

Operated by Germany and Italy, the ECR is an IDS variant devoted to SEAD missions. SEAD (pronounced see-add or seed or Suppression of Enemy Air Defences, also known as " Wild Weasels quot and "Iron Hand" operations in the USA are It was first delivered on May 21, 1990. Events 878 - Syracuse Italy is captured by the Muslim sultan of Sicily. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) The ECR is equipped with an emitter-locator system (ELS) which is designed to locate enemy radar sites. The ECR is equipped with the AGM-88 HARM. Gulf War Friendly Fire Incident During the Gulf War, the HARM was involved in a friendly fire incident when the pilot of an F-4G Wild Weasel escorting The Luftwaffe's 35 ECRs were delivered new, while Italy received 16 converted IDSs. German ECRs were equipped with a Honeywell infra-red imaging systems for reconnaissance, however operational experience lead to the removal of this system; It was considered impractical for one aircraft to be tasked with both SEAD and reconnaissance. Honeywell ( is a major American multinational conglomerate company that produces a variety of consumer products engineering services and aerospace systems ^[11]

Italian ECRs (IT-ECR) differ from the Luftwaffe aircraft in that they were never equipped with a reconnaissance capability and as IDS conversion they are equipped with RB199 Mk. 103 engines. Luftwaffe ECRs are equipped with RB199 Mk. 105 which have a slightly higher thrust rating. The first IT-ECR was delivered on 27 February 1998 and formally accepted on 7 April. ^[12]

The RAF and RSAF IDS carry ALARM missiles in this role. ALARM ( Air Launched Anti-Radiation Missile) is a British Anti-radiation missile designed primarily to destroy enemy radars for the purpose of

Tornado ADV

Main article: Panavia Tornado ADV

The Tornado ADV is a fighter variant of the Tornado, developed for the RAF (known in service as the Tornado F. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout 2 or F. 3) and also operated by Saudi Arabia and Italy.

Operators

Aircraft on display

Although still an operational aircraft, a number of older aircraft are on public display:

• XX946 Tornado Prototype P02 on display at the RAF Museum Cosford, England. The Royal Air Force Museum ( RAF Museum) is a Museum dedicated to the history of Aviation, and the British Royal Air Force in particular
• XX947 Tornado Prototype P03 on display at Shoreham Airport, England. Shoreham Airport, also known as Shoreham (Brighton City Airport, owned by Albemarle Shoreham Airport Limited following the sale of the airport by Brighton & Hove
• XX948 Tornado Prototype on display at Hermeskeil, Germany
• XZ631 Tornado GR1 on display at Yorkshire Air Museum, Elvington, England. The Yorkshire Air Museum, ( RAF Elvington airfield during the World War II) is an air museum in England.
• ZA354 Tornado GR1 on display at Yorkshire Air Museum, Elvington, England. The Yorkshire Air Museum, ( RAF Elvington airfield during the World War II) is an air museum in England.
• ZA362 Tornado GR1 on display at Highland Aviation Museum, Inverness, Scotland.
• ZA374 Tornado GR1 on display at the National Museum of the United States Air Force, Wright Patterson, Ohio, USA
• ZA457 Tornado GR1 on display at RAF Museum, Hendon, England. The National Museum of the United States Air Force (formerly the United States Air Force Museum) is the official National Museum of the United States Air The Royal Air Force Museum ( RAF Museum) is a Museum dedicated to the history of Aviation, and the British Royal Air Force in particular
• ZA465 Tornado GR1 on display at Imperial War Museum, Duxford, England. The Imperial War Museum is a Museum in London, England featuring military vehicles weapons war memorabilia an extensive library open to the public
• ZE934 Tornado F3 on display at National Museum of Flight, East Fortune, Scotland
• MM7210 Tornado F3 on display at the Italian Air Force Museum, Vigna di Valle, Italy
• 43+74 Tornado IDS of the German Navy, Marinefliegergeshwader 1 at the Pima Air & Space Museum, Tucson, AZ
• Tornado IDS on display at the Luftwaffenmuseum, Berlin, Germany

Specifications (Tornado GR. The National Museum of Flight is an Aerospace Museum at East Fortune Airfield (formerly RAF East Fortune) just south of the village of East Fortune The Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson Arizona is the world's largest non-government funded aerospace museum The Luftwaffenmuseum der Bundeswehr ( German for "Airforce Museum of the Bundeswehr " together with the Militärhistorische Museum der Bundeswehr 4 (IDS))

Data from

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Length: 16. 72 m (54 ft 10 in)
• Wingspan: 13. The wingspan (or just span) of an airplane or a Bird, is the distance from the left wingtip to the right wingtip 91 m at 25° wing sweep, 8. 60 m at 67° wing sweep (45. 6 ft / 28. 2 ft)
• Height: 5. 95 m (19. 5 ft)
• Wing area: 26. 6 m² (286 ft²)
• Empty weight: 13,890 kg (31,620 lb)
• Max takeoff weight: 28,000 kg (61,700 lb)
• Powerplant: 2× Turbo-Union RB199-34R Mk 103 afterburning turbofans
  • Dry thrust: 43. The Maximum Takeoff Weight or Maximum Takeoff Mass of an Aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot of the aircraft is allowed to attempt to take off WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The AfterBurner is a lighting solution for the Game Boy Advance system that was created by Triton-Labs A turbofan is a type of Jet engine, similar to a Turbojet. It essentially consists of a Ducted fan with a smaller diameter turbojet engine 8 kN (9,850 lbf) each
  • Thrust with afterburner: 76. The AfterBurner is a lighting solution for the Game Boy Advance system that was created by Triton-Labs 8 kN (17,270 lbf) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: Mach 2. In Aviation, V-speeds or Velocity-speeds are standard terms used to define Airspeeds important or useful to the operation of Aircraft, such 34 (2,417. 6 km/h, 1,511 mph)
• Range: 1,390 km (870 mi / 2,420 mi) typical combat
• Ferry range: 3,890 km () with four external drop tanks
• Service ceiling 15,240 m (50,000 ft)
• Rate of climb: 76. The maximal total range is the distance an Aircraft can fly between Takeoff and Landing, as limited by fuel capacity in powered aircraft or cross-country For Aircraft, ferry range means the maximum range the aircraft can fly In Aeronautics, a ceiling is the maximum Density altitude an aircraft can reach under a set of conditions In Aerodynamics, the rate of climb RoC is the speed at which an Aircraft increases its Altitude. 7 m/s (15,100 ft/min)
• Thrust/weight: 0. Thrust-to-weight ratio is as its name suggests the ratio of instantaneous Thrust to Weight (where weight means weight at the Earth ’s surface 55

Armament

• Guns: Single 27 mm Mauser BK-27 cannon with 180 rounds
• Hardpoints: Four fuselage pylons and four swivelling underwing pylons with a capacity of a maximum of 9000 kg (19,800 lb) of weapons, fuel, and ECM pods, inner wing pylons have shoulder rails for two AIM-9 Sidewinder, IRIS-T or AIM-132 ASRAAM air-to-air self-defence missiles. The BK 27 (also BK27 or BK-27) (German acronym for "Bordkanone" translation on-board cannon is a 27 mm Autocannon manufactured by The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters IRIS-T ( Infra Red Imaging System Tail/Thrust Vector-Controlled) is a German -led program to develop a short-range Air-to-air missile to replace the The AIM-132 Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile is a British Infrared homing ("heat seeking" Air-to-air missile. A wide variety of air-to-ground weapons can be carried including Wasp ASM, AS.34 Kormoran anti-ship missiles, BAe Sea Eagle anti-ship missiles, AGM-65 Maverick ASM, AGM-88 HARM, ALARM anti-radiation missile, LAU-51A and LR-25 rocket pods, napalm bombs, retarded bombs, BL755 cluster bombs, Paveway series laser-guided bombs, and HOPE/HOSBO series guided glide bombs, MW-1 munitions dispenser, JP233 munitions dispenser, Storm Shadow, Brimstone, Taurus missile, can be equipped to carry B61 and WE.177 nuclear bombs. The AS34 Kormoran is a German-produced Anti-ship missile. The Kormoran utilizes an inertial guidance system for the midcourse phase switching to active radar homing during The BAe Sea Eagle is a medium Weight, ' fire-and-forget ' Sea-skimming Anti-ship missile designed and built by BAe Dynamics (now The AGM-65 Maverick is an air-to-ground tactical missile (AGM designed for close air support Gulf War Friendly Fire Incident During the Gulf War, the HARM was involved in a friendly fire incident when the pilot of an F-4G Wild Weasel escorting BL755 is a Cluster bomb. Its primary targets are Armored vehicles and Tanks with secondary Soft target (anti personnel capabilities Paveway is a trademark of Raytheon Company which identifies its variants of Laser Guided Bombs (LGB HOPE ( HO chleistungs- PE netrator = High Performance Penetrator and HOSBO ( HO chleistungs- S preng- BO mbe = High Performance Explosive Bomb are a The JP233 was a British Submunition delivery system consisting of a pair of large pods carrying several hundred submunitions designed to attack Runways Storm Shadow is an Anglo - French air-launched Cruise missile, manufactured by MBDA and used by France Italy and the United Kingdom Brimstone is an advanced air-launched Anti-tank guided missile developed by MBDA. TAURUS KEPD 350 is a German / Swedish air-launched Cruise missile, manufactured by TAURUS Systems GmbH and used by Germany and Spain The B61 Nuclear bomb is the primary Thermonuclear weapon in the U WE177 was the last air-launched nuclear bomb of the British Armed Forces.
• RAPTOR Reconnaissance pod, TIALD laser designator^[13],

See also

• Future Offensive Air System
  

Related development

• Panavia Tornado ADV
  

Comparable aircraft

• F-15E Strike Eagle
• F-111 Aardvark
• Mikoyan MiG-27
• Sukhoi Su-24
• Xian JH-7
  

Related lists

• List of active United Kingdom military aircraft
• List of military aircraft of Germany
  

References

External links

• RAF Squadrons
• Airforce Fact Files
• FAS - BAe Tornado
• Aerospace Web - Tornado IDS
• Unofficial Panavia Tornado site
• List of all active German Tornados