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Pan teaching his eromenos, the shepherd Daphnis, to play the panpipes 2nd century AD Roman copy of Greek original ca. 100 BC attributed to Heliodorus (found in Pompeii).
Pan teaching his eromenos, the shepherd Daphnis, to play the panpipes 2nd century AD Roman copy of Greek original ca. In the pederastic tradition of Classical Athens, the eromenos ( Greek ἐρώμενος pl In Greek mythology, Daphnis (from Gk daphne "laurel" or "bay-tree" was a son of Hermes and a Sicilian Nymph 100 BC attributed to Heliodorus (found in Pompeii). Pompeii is a ruined and partially buried Roman town-city near modern Naples and Caserta in the Italian region of Campania, in

Pan (Greek Πάν, genitive Πανός) is the Greek god of shepherds and flocks, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music: paein means to pasture. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly In Grammar, the genitive case or possessive case (also called the second case) is the case that marks a Noun as modifying another Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance He has the hindquarters, legs, and horns of a goat, in the same manner as a faun or satyr. In Roman mythology, fauns are place-spirits ( genii) of untamed woodland In Greek mythology, satyrs (Σάτυροι Satyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus – " Satyresses quot He is recognized as the god of fields, groves, and wooded glens; because of this, Pan is connected to fertility and season of spring.

Pan's ancient Roman equivalent was Faunus, and they were both Horned God deities. Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC In Roman mythology, Pan 's counterpart Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities the Di indigetes, who was a good spirit of the forest plains and fields Horned gods, with Horns or Antlers appear in various cultures For this reason he is popular among many Neopagans and occultic groups. Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical The word occult comes from the Latin word occultus (clandestine hidden secret referring to "knowledge of the hidden"

Contents

Origins

The parentage of Pan is unclear; in some myths he is the son of Zeus, though generally he is the son of Hermes, with whom his mother is said to be a nymph, sometimes Dryope or, in Nonnus, Dionysiaca (14. The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form In Greek mythology, Dryope (Δρυόπη was the daughter of Dryops ("oak-man" or of Eurytus (and hence half-sister to Iole) Theophanes Nonnus was a Byzantine physician For the saint of this name see Saint Nonnus. 92), a Penelope of Mantineia in Arcadia. Mantineia ( Greek: Μαντίνεια formerly also Antigonia - Αντιγόνεια was a city in ancient Arcadia in the central Peloponnese [1] His nature and name are alluring, particularly since often his name is mistakenly thought to be identical to the Greek word pan, meaning "all", when in fact the name of the god is derived from the word pa-on, which means "herdsman" and shares its prefix with the modern English word "pasture". In many ways he seems to be identical to Protogonus/Phanes. Phanes from Greek phanaô ("To bring light" ("make appear" or Protogonus ("first-born" was the mystic primeval Deity of procreation

Probably the beginning of the linguistic misunderstanding is the Homeric Hymn to Pan, which describes him as delighting all the gods, and thus getting his name. The thirty-three anonymous Homeric Hymns celebrating individual gods are a collection of ancient Greek Hymns "Homeric" in the sense that they employ the The Roman counterpart to Pan is Faunus, another version of his name, which is at least Indo-European. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial In Roman mythology, Pan 's counterpart Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities the Di indigetes, who was a good spirit of the forest plains and fields However, accounts of Pan's genealogy are so varied that it must lie buried deep in mythic time. Like other nature spirits, Pan appears to be older than the Olympians, if it's true that he gave Artemis her hunting dogs and taught the secret of prophecy to Apollo. The Twelve Olympians, also known as the Dodekatheon ( Greek: Δωδεκάθεον In Greek mythology, Artemis language|Greek] ( Nominative), ( Genitive))] was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister Pan might be multiplied as the Panes (Burkert 1985, III. 3. 2; Ruck and Staples 1994 p 132[2]) or the Paniskoi. Kerenyi (1951 p 174) notes from scholia that Aeschylus in Rhesus distinguished between two Pans, one the son of Zeus and twin of Arkas, and one a son of Kronos. A scholium, plural scholia (σχόλιον "comment" "lecture" is a grammatical, critical or explanatory comment either original or extracted Aeschylus (ˈɛskɨləs or /ˈiːskɨləs/ Greek: Ασχύλος, Aischylos, 525 BC/524 BC 456 BC/455 BC was an ancient Greek Playwright For other uses see Arkas (disambiguation. Arkas ( Greek:Αρκάς is the pen name of a famous but reclusive Greek Comics artist. "In the retinue of Dionysos, or in depictions of wild landscapes, there appeared not only a great Pan, but also little Pans, Paniskoi, who played the same part as the Satyrs". In Classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos (in Greek, Διόνυσος or Διώνυσος; associated with Roman In Greek mythology, satyrs (Σάτυροι Satyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus – " Satyresses quot

Worship

The worship of Pan began in Arcadia, and Arcadia was always the principal seat of his worship. Arcadia or Arkadía ( Greek Αρκαδία is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. Arcadia was a district of mountain people whom other Greeks disdained. Arcadian hunters used to scourge the statue of the god if they had been disappointed in the chase (Theocritus. vii. 107).

Pan inspired sudden fear in lonely places, Panic (panikon deima). For psychological condition see Panic attack Panic is a sudden Fear which dominates or replaces thinking and often affects groups of Following the Titans' assault on Olympus, Pan claimed credit for the victory of the gods because he had inspired disorder and fear in the attackers resulting in the word 'panic' to describe these emotions. Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος also transliterated as Ólympos, and on Greek maps Óros Ólimbos) is the highest Mountain in Greece Of course, Pan was later known for his music, capable of arousing inspiration, sexuality, or panic, depending on his intentions. In the Battle of Marathon (490 BC), it is said that Pan favored the Athenians and so inspired panic in the hearts of their enemies, the Persians. The Battle of Marathon ( Greek: Μάχη τοῡ Μαραθῶνος Machē tou Marathōnos) during the Greco-Persian Wars took place in 490

Mythology

Greek deities
series
Primordial deities
Titans and Olympians
Aquatic deities
Chthonic deities
Personified concepts
Other deities

The goat-god Aegipan was nurtured by Amalthea with the infant Zeus in Crete. Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the ancient Greeks concerning their gods and Heroes the nature of the world and the origins and significance The ancient Greeks proposed many different ideas about primordial deities in their mythology, which would later be largely adapted by the In Greek mythology, the Titans ( Greek: Tītā́n; plural Tītânes) were a race of powerful Deities that ruled during the legendary The Twelve Olympians, also known as the Dodekatheon ( Greek: Δωδεκάθεον The ancient Greeks had a large number of sea deities. The philosopher Plato once remarked that the Greek people were like frogs sitting around a pond -- their Chthonic (from Greek χθόνιος khthonios "of the earth" from khthōn "earth" pertaining to the Earth; earthy subterranean In Greek mythology, the Muses ( Ancient Greek, hai moũsai: perhaps from the Proto-Indo-European root * men- "think" are Asclepius (pronounced /æsˈkliːpiːəs/, Greek, transliterated Asklēpiós; Latin Aesculapius) is the god of Medicine Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Lētṓ ( Greek:, Λ&alphaτώ, Lato in Dorian Greek etymology and meaning disputed in Greek mythology, is a daughter of In Greek mythology, Artemis language|Greek] ( Nominative), ( Genitive))] was the daughter of Zeus and Leto, and the twin sister A shepherd is a person who tends to feeds or guards Sheep, especially in flocks In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form Attis (sometimes written as "Atys" was Cybele 's lover Eunuch attendant and driver of her lion-driven chariot Aegipan ( Gr) that is Goat-Pan was according to some statements a being distinct from Pan, while others regard him as identical with Pan Zeus (zjuːs in Greek: nominative: Zeús /zdeús/ genitive: Diós; Modern Greek /'zefs/ in Greek mythology In Zeus' battle with Typhon, Aegipan and Hermes stole back Zeus' "sinews" that Typhon had hidden away in the Corycian Cave. In Greek mythology, Typhon ( Ancient Greek:, Tuphōn) also Typheus / Typhoeus ( Tuphōeus) Typhaon ( Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and This article is about the Corycian Cave in Greece for the Corycian Cave in Anatolia see Corycus The Corycian Cave is located on the slopes [3] Pan aided his foster-brother in the battle with the Titans by blowing his conch-horn and scattering them in terror. Titanomachy (epic poem In Greek mythology, the Titanomachy, or War of the Titans (Τιτανομαχία was the ten-year series of battles fought between According to some traditions, Aegipan was the son of Pan, rather than his father. Aegipan ( Gr) that is Goat-Pan was according to some statements a being distinct from Pan, while others regard him as identical with Pan

One of the famous myths of Pan involves the origin of his trademark pan flute. The pan flute or pan pipe (also known as panflute or panpipes) is an ancient Musical instrument based on the principle of the Closed Syrinx was a lovely water-nymph of Arcadia, daughter of Landon, the river-god. In classical mythology Syrinx ( Greek Συριγξ was a Nymph and a follower of Artemis, known for her chastity In Greek mythology, a nymph is any member of a large class of mythological entities in human female form As she was returning from the hunt one day, Pan met her. To escape from his importunities, the fair nymph ran away and didn't stop to hear his compliments, he pursued from Mount Lycaeum until she came to her sisters who immediately changed her into a reed. When the air blew through the reeds, it produced a plaintive melody. The god, still infatuated, possessed some of the reeds, because he did not could identify which reed she became, and cut seven, or according to some versions nine, pieces, joined them side by side in gradually decreasing lengths, and formed the musical instrument bearing the name of his beloved Syrinx. In classical mythology Syrinx ( Greek Συριγξ was a Nymph and a follower of Artemis, known for her chastity Henceforth Pan was seldom seen without it.

Echo was a nymph who was a great singer and dancer and scorned the love of any man. In Greek mythology, Echo ( Greek: Ἠχώ was an Oread (a mountain Nymph) who loved her own voice This angered Pan, a lecherous god, and he instructed his followers to kill her. Echo was torn to pieces and spread all over earth. The goddess of the earth, Gaia, received the pieces of Echo, whose voice remains repeating the last words of others. Gaia (ˈgeɪə or /ˈgaɪə/ (" land " or " Earth " from the Ancient Greek Γαîα also Gæa or Gea In some versions, Echo and Pan first had one child: Iambe. In Greek mythology, Iambe was a goddess of verse especially scurrilous ribald humour

Pan also loved a nymph named Pitys, who was turned into a pine tree to escape him. In Greek mythology — or more particularly in Ancient Greek poetry— Pitys ( English translation: "pine" was an Oread Nymph who was

Erotic aspects

Pan is famous for his sexual powers, and is often depicted with an erect phallus. The word phallus can refer to an erect Penis, or to an object shaped like a penis Diogenes of Sinope, speaking in jest, related the myth of Pan learning masturbation from his father, Hermes, and teaching the habit to his beloved shepherds. Diogenes (Διογένης ὁ Σινωπεύς Diogenes ho Sinopeus) "the Cynic " Greek Philosopher, was born in Sinope Masturbation refers to Sexual stimulation especially of one's own genitals ( self masturbation) and often to the point of Orgasm, which Hermes ( Greek,, ˈhɝmiːz in Greek mythology, is the Olympian god of boundaries and of the travelers who cross them of Shepherds and [4]

He was believed by the Greeks to have plied his charms primarily on maidens and shepherds, such as Daphnis. In Greek mythology, Daphnis (from Gk daphne "laurel" or "bay-tree" was a son of Hermes and a Sicilian Nymph Though he failed with Syrinx and Pitys, Pan didn't fail with the Maenads—he had every one of them, in one orgiastic riot or another. To effect this, Pan was sometimes multiplied into a whole tribe of Panes.

Pan's greatest conquest was that of the moon goddess Selene. In Greek mythology, Selene (Σελήνη " Moon " English sɛˈliːniː was an archaic Lunar deity and the daughter of the Titans He accomplished this by wrapping himself in a sheepskin[5] to hide his hairy black goat form, and drew her down from the sky into the forest where he seduced her. Sheepskin is the hide of a sheep, sometimes also called lambskin or lambswool.

Pan and music

Once Pan had the audacity to compare his music with that of Apollo, and to challenge Apollo, the god of the lyre, to a trial of skill. The lyre is a stringed musical instrument well known for its use in Classical Antiquity and later Tmolus, the mountain-god, was chosen to umpire. For the Butterfly Genus, see Tmolus (butterfly. In Greek mythology, Tmolus was a mountain God and Pan blew on his pipes, and with his rustic melody gave great satisfaction to himself and his faithful follower, Midas, who happened to be present. In Greek mythology, Midas or King Midas (in Greek Μίδας is popularly remembered for his ability to turn everything he touched into Gold Then Apollo struck the strings of his lyre. Tmolus at once awarded the victory to Apollo, and all but Midas agreed with the judgment. He dissented, and questioned the justice of the award. Apollo would not suffer such a depraved pair of ears any longer, and turned Midas' ears into those of a donkey. The donkey or ass, Equus asinus, is a member of the Equidae or horse family and an odd-toed ungulate.

Capricornus

The constellation Capricornus is often depicted as a sea-goat, a goat with a fish's tail: see Aigaion or Briareos, one of the Hecatonchires. In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Capricornus ( Latin for "horned (male Goat " or "goat horn " is one of the Constellations of the Zodiac. The Hecatonchires, or Hekatonkheires Ἑκατόγχειρες( were three gargantuan figures of an archaic stage of Greek mythology. One myth that would seem to be invented to justify a connection of Pan with Capricorn says that when Aigipan, that is Pan in his goat-god aspect,[5] was attacked by the monster Typhon, he dove into the Nile; the parts above the water remained a goat, but those under the water transformed into a fish. In Greek mythology, Typhon ( Ancient Greek:, Tuphōn) also Typheus / Typhoeus ( Tuphōeus) Typhaon (

Epithets

Aegocerus was an epithet of Pan descriptive of his figure with the horns of a goat. [6][7]

History

Pan, Mikhail Vrubel 1900.
Pan, Mikhail Vrubel 1900. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel ( Russian: Михаил Александрович Врубель; March 17, 1856 - April 14,

The worship and belief of Pan has been documented for millennia.

The Death of Pan

If one were to believe the Greek historian Plutarch (in "The Obsolescence of Oracles" (Moralia, Book 5:17)), Pan is the only Greek god who is dead. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c During the reign of Tiberius (A. Tiberius Julius Caesar Augustus (or Tiberius I) born Tiberius Claudius Nero (November 16 42 BC – March 16 AD 37) was the second Roman D. 14-37), the news of Pan's death came to one Thamus, a sailor on his way to Italy by way of the island of Paxi. A divine voice hailed him across the salt water, "Thamus, are you there? When you reach Palodes,[8] take care to proclaim that the great god Pan is dead. In Antiquity Pelodes or Palodes was a site that cannot be identified with any certainty " Which Thamus did, and the news was greeted from shore with groans and laments.

Robert Graves (The Greek Myths) suggested that the Egyptian Thamus apparently misheard Thamus Pan-megas Tethnece ('the all-great Tammuz is dead') for 'Thamus, Great Pan is dead!' Certainly, when Pausanias toured Greece about a century after Plutarch, he found Pan's shrines, sacred caves and sacred mountains still very much frequented. Robert Graves (24 July 1895 &ndash 7 December 1985 was an English Poet, Translator and Novelist. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus

Symbolism of Satan

It is likely that the demonized images of the incubus and even the horns and cloven hooves of Satan, as depicted in much medieval and post-medieval Christian literature and art, were taken from the images of Pan. A cloven hoof is a Hoof split into two toes This is found on members within the Mammalian order Artiodactyla. Satan, ( Standard Hebrew Satan'el, English accuser) is a term that originates from the Abrahamic faiths, being traditionally

Neopaganism

Pan is praised and/or worshipped by some Neopagans today, where he is considered a powerful deity and an archetype of male virility and sexuality, called the Horned God. Neopaganism or Neo-Paganism is an Umbrella term used to identify a wide variety of modern religious movements particularly those influenced by historical An archetype ( pronounced: /ˈɑːkɪtaɪp/ (Brit or /ˈɑrkɪtaɪp/ (Amer Horned gods, with Horns or Antlers appear in various cultures He is particularly worshipped among Hellenic Neopaganism and Wicca. Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism (also Hellenic Reconstructionism) refers to various reconstructionist movements that revive ancient Greek religious practices In Wicca, the archetype of the Horned God is highly important, as represented by such deities as the Celtic Cernunnos, Indian Pashupati and of course the Greek Pan. Horned gods, with Horns or Antlers appear in various cultures Cernunnos is a Celtic god whose representations were widespread in the ancient Celtic world Pashupati ( Sanskrit: Paśupati) "Lord of cattle" is an epithet of the Hindu deity Shiva.

A modern account of several purported meetings with Pan is given by R. Ogilvie Crombie (born Edinburgh, lived 1899-1975), in the books "The Findhorn Garden" (Harper & Row, 1975) and "The Magic Of Findhorn" (Harper & Row, 1975). Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Crombie claimed to have met Pan many times at various locations including Edinburgh, on the island of Iona and at the Findhorn Foundation, all in Scotland. Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. Iona is a small island in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland that has an important place in the history of Christianity in Scotland and is renowned for its tranquility The Findhorn Foundation is a Scottish Charitable trust registered in 1972 formed by the spiritual community at the Findhorn Ecovillage, one of Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

Faunus

Main article: Faunus

In Roman mythology, Pan's counterpart was Faunus, a nature spirit who was the father of Bona Dea (Fauna, his feminine side)

Other portrayals of Pan

In fiction and literature

Pan is often portrayed in literature, stage, and cinema, as a symbolic or cultural reference. In Roman mythology, Pan 's counterpart Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities the Di indigetes, who was a good spirit of the forest plains and fields Roman mythology, or more appropriately Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its In Roman mythology, Pan 's counterpart Faunus was one of the oldest Roman deities the Di indigetes, who was a good spirit of the forest plains and fields In Roman mythology, Bona Dea (literally " the good goddess " was the Goddess of Fertility, Healing, Virginity, Following are some notable examples:

In music

In video games

Notes

  1. ^ This is not the Penelope who was the wife of Odysseus. In Homer 's Odyssey, Penelópē ( Πηνελόπεια/Πηνελόπη) is the faithful wife of Odysseus, who keeps her suitors
  2. ^ Pan "even boasted that he had slept with every maenad that ever was—to facilitate that extraordinary feat, he could be multiplied into a whole brotherhood of Panes. ")
  3. ^ "In this Hermes is clearly out of place. He was one of the youngest sons of Zeus and was brought into the story only because. . . he was a master-thief. The real participant in the story was Aigipan: the god Pan, that is to say. in his quality of a goat (aix). (Kerenyi 1951:28). Kerenyi points out that Python of Delphi had a son Aix (Plutarch, Moralia 293c) and detects a note of kinship betrayal. Lucius Mestrius Plutarchus ( Greek: Μέστριος Πλούταρχος c
  4. ^ Dio Chrysostom, Discourses, vi. Dio Chrysostom (Δίων Χρυσόστομος) Dion of Prusa or Dio Cocceianus (ca 20.
  5. ^ a b Kerenyi 1951:95.
  6. ^ Lucan, ix. Marcus Annaeus Lucanus ( November 3, 39 AD – April 30, 65 AD better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman 536
  7. ^ Lucretius, v. Titus Lucretius Carus (ca 99 BC- ca 55 BC was a Roman Poet and Philosopher. 614.
  8. ^ "Where or what was Palodes?".

References

See also

External links

For the 1st century Chinese historian see Ban Gu. For the town in Nepal see Pangu Nepal. Puck is a mythological Fairy or mischievous Nature Spirit. Puck is also a generalised personification of land spirits Erotic art in Pompeii and Herculaneum was discovered in the ancient cities around the bay of Naples (particularly of Pompeii and Herculaneum) after extensive In Roman mythology, fauns are place-spirits ( genii) of untamed woodland In Greek mythology, satyrs (Σάτυροι Satyroi) are a troop of male companions of Pan and Dionysus – " Satyresses quot Kokopelli is a Fertility deity, usually depicted as a Humpbacked Flute player (often with a huge Phallus and Feathers or antenna Daveli's Cave is a well-known Cave in Penteli, a mountain to the north of Athens, Greece. In classical mythology Syrinx ( Greek Συριγξ was a Nymph and a follower of Artemis, known for her chastity
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