Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab people and nations of the Middle East (excluding non-Arab countries). In Mathematical logic, in particular as applied to Computer science, a unification of two terms is a join (in the lattice sense with respect The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. It is closely connected to Arab nationalism. Arab nationalism ( Arabic: القومية العربية is a Nationalist ideology which rose to prominence amongst Arabs from the early 20th century onwards Pan-Arabism has tended to be secular and often socialist, and has strongly opposed colonialism and Western political involvement in the Arab world. Secularity ( adjective form secular) is the state of being separate from Religion. Socialism refers to a broad set of economic theories of social organization advocating state or collective ownership and administration of the Means of production and distribution See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Pan-Arabism is a form of cultural nationalism. The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation
Pan-Arabism was first pressed by Sharif Hussein ibn Ali, the Sharif of Mecca, who sought independence from the Ottoman Empire and the establishment of a unified state of Arabia. Sayyid Hussein bin Ali, GCB (1854 &mdash June 4, 1931) ( حسین بن علی; Ḥusayn bin ‘Alī) was the Sharif The Sharif of Mecca ( Arabic:شريف مكة or Sharif of Hejaz ( Arabic:شريف الحجاز was the title of the former The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish In 1915-16, the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence resulted in an agreement between the United Kingdom and the Sharif that if the Arabs successfully revolted against the Ottomans, the United Kingdom would support claims for Arab independence. The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence was a protracted exchange of letters (July 14 1915 to January 30 1916 during World War I, between the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 In 1916, however, the Sykes-Picot Agreement between the United Kingdom and France determined that parts of the Middle East would be divided between those powers rather than forming part of an independent Arab state. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. When the Ottoman Empire surrendered in 1918, the United Kingdom refused to keep to the letter of its arrangements with Hussein and the two nations assumed guardianship of several newly-created states. The promised “Arabia” (later Saudi Arabia) was formed in the then less strategically valuable south. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi
Additionally, the Balfour Declaration of 1917 as reason to administer Palestine and the subsequent creation of the British Mandate upset pan-Arabists designs for a geographically contiguous pan-Arab state between Syria and Egypt. Balfour Declaration of 1917 (dated November 2 1917) was a Classified formal statement of Policy by the British government stating Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The Palestine Mandate, was a set of protocols or articles that formed a multilateral legal and administrative agreement Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
A more formalized pan-Arab ideology than that of Hussein was first espoused in the 1930s, notably by Syrian thinkers such as Constantin Zureiq, Zaki al-Arsuzi and Michel Aflaq. Syrians today are an overall indigenous Levantine people closely related to their immediate neighbours like the Lebanese and (to a lesser extent Jordanians Constantin Zureiq (قسطنطين زريق (born Damascus 1909-2000 a prominent Arab intellectual and academic was one of the pioneering theorists of modern Zakī al-Arsūzī (in Arabic: زكي الأرسوزي born Lattakia June 1899 died Damascus July 1968 was a Syrian political activist and writer Michel Aflaq ( Arabic: ميشيل عفلق Mīšīl ʿAflaq, born Damascus 1910 died Paris June 23, 1989) was the Aflaq and al-Arsuzi were key figures in the establishment of the Arab Ba’ath (Renaissance) Party, and the former was for long its chief ideologist, combining elements of Marxist thought with a nationalism to a considerable extent reminiscent of nineteenth century European romantic nationalism. The Arab Socialist Ba'th Party (also spelled Baath or Ba'ath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي was founded in Damascus A pan-Arab ideology lay at the basis of various attempts over the past 50 years to unite various Arab nation-states, most notably the short-lived United Arab Republic, which united Egypt and Syria. For the online game see Jennifer Government NationStates. The nation-state is a certain form of State that derives its legitimacy The United Arab Republic ( الجمهورية العربية المتحدة al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah / al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah
In contrast to pan-Islamism, pan-Arabism is secular and nationalistic as many prominent pan-Arabs, such as Aflaq (Greek Orthodox) were not Muslim. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The President of the Arab Republic of Egypt is the elected Head of State of Egypt. Gamal Abdel Nasser (جمال عبد الناصر Gamāl ‘Abd an-Nāṣir; - January 15 1918 September 28 1970) was the second President Nasserism is an Arab nationalist Political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Pan-Islamism ( اتّحاد الاسلام) is a Political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state or a Caliphate The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Tariq Aziz, an Aramaic-speaking Chaldean Christian and the once deputy prime minister of Iraq under Saddam Hussein, was another prominent pan-Arabist. Mikhail Yuhanna (ميخائيل يوحنا Mīḫāʾīl Yūḥannā) later and more popularly known as Tariq Aziz or Tareq Aziz, (طارق عزيز Aramaic is a Semitic language with "Chaldean people" redirects here For additional information see Chaldea, Babylonia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 However, in de-emphasizing the role of Islam, pan-Arab ideology has been accused of inciting prejudice against and downplaying the role of non-Arab Muslim peoples such as the Turks, Persians, and Kurds, amongst others. The word prejudice refers to prejudgment making a decision before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case or event The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox [1] Additionally, while Lebanon is traditionally thought of as and Arab state, there is a movement in that country supporting the idea that Lebanese are Phoenicians. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Phoenicia ( Phoenician: Phoenician nunsvg|12px|נ]]Phoenician nun As such, these groups, led mainly by the Guardians of the Cedars, are quite hostile to pan-Arabism
The Syrian government is, and the former government of Iraq was, led by the Ba’ath Party, which espouses pan-Arabism. The Guardians of the Cedars ( Arabic: حراس الأرز or Ḥurrās al-Arz) are a right-wing nationalist Lebanese party and The Arab Socialist Ba'th Party (also spelled Baath or Ba'ath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي was founded in Damascus The high point of the pan-Arab movement was in the 1960s, when the movement was spearheaded by Egyptian leader Gamal Abdel Nasser, but pan-Arabism was strongly hurt by the Arab defeat by Israel in the Six Day War and the inability of pan-Arabist governments to generate economic growth. Gamal Abdel Nasser (جمال عبد الناصر Gamāl ‘Abd an-Nāṣir; - January 15 1918 September 28 1970) was the second President The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Background Suez Crisis aftermath The Suez Crisis of 1956 represented a military defeat but a political victory for Egypt By the late 1980s, pan-Arabism began to be eclipsed by Islamist ideologies. Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only It continues however, to exert a strong influence in Arab print media and intellectual circles, particularly in the Levant. Printing is a process for reproducing text and image typically with ink on Paper using a printing press An intellectual (from the adjective meaning "involving thought and reason" is a person who tries to use his or her Intelligence and analytical thinking, See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the
Contents |
See also
- Arab Revolt
- Nasserism
- Arab nationalism
- Arab Unification
- Arab socialism
- United Arab Republic
- Arab Federation
- Federation of Arab Republics
- Arab Islamic Republic
- Arab Maghreb Union
- Pan-Arab colors
- Pan Arab Games
References
- ^ Raymond A. The Arab Revolt (1916&ndash1918 ( الثورة العربية Al-Thawra al-`Arabīya) was initiated by the Sherif Hussein ibn Ali with the aim of securing Nasserism is an Arab nationalist Political ideology based on the thinking of the former Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser. Arab nationalism ( Arabic: القومية العربية is a Nationalist ideology which rose to prominence amongst Arabs from the early 20th century onwards Arab Socialism (الاشتراكية العربية al-ishtirākīya al-‘arabīya) is a political ideology based on an amalgamation of Pan-Arabism and The United Arab Republic ( الجمهورية العربية المتحدة al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah / al-Jumhūrīyah al-‘Arabīyah For other Arab federations confederations and unions see Arab federation. The Federation of Arab Republics ( Arabic اتحاد الجمهوريات العربية ittiħād al-jumhūriyyāt al-`arabiyya, literally "Union of Arab The Arab Islamic Republic was a proposed unification of Tunisia and Libya in 1974 agreed upon by Libyan ruler Muammar al-Qaddafi and Tunisian President The Arab Maghreb Union ( Arabic: اتحاد المغرب العربي transliterated: Ittihad al-Maghrib al-Araby French The Pan-Arab colors are Red, Black, White, and Green and have their origins in the flag of the Arab Revolt. The Pan Arab Games are a regional Multi-sport event held between nations from the Arab World. Hinnebusch, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002. pg 169
Further reading
External links
- A Qustion of Arab unity- Why Unity?- 28 Jan 08- Ep 1- Part 1 at YouTube
- A Qustion of Arab unity- Why Unity?- 28 Jan 08-Ep 1- Part 2 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity- Unity Betrayed -04Feb08 -Ep 2 Pt 1 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity - Unity Betrayed -04Feb08 -Ep2 Pt 2 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity-Trials&Tribulations-12Feb08-Ep3 Pt1 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity-Trials&Tribulations-12Feb08- Ep3 P2 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity-A Cause for Unity -18Feb08 -Ep4-Pt1 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity-A Cause for Unity -18Feb08 -Ep4-Pt2 at YouTube
- Arab unity- Unity Experiment- 25 Feb 08- Ep 5- Pt 1 at YouTube
- Arab unity- Unity Experiment- 25 Feb 08- Ep 5- Pt 2 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity - Disillusion - 03 Mar 08 - Pt.1 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity - Disillusion - 03 Mar 08 - Pt. 2 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab unity-The Jewish factor - 10 Mar 08- Pt 1 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab unity-The Jewish factor - 10 Mar 08- Pt 2 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity - Holy Unity - 17 Mar 08 Pt 1 Ep 8 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab Unity - Holy Unity - 17 Mar 08 Pt 2 Ep 8 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab unity- Disunity?- 24 Mar 08 - Part 1 at YouTube
- A Question of Arab unity- Disunity?- 24 Mar 08 - Part 2 at YouTube
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