Pan-Africanism is a sociopolitical world view, and philosophy, as well as a movement, which seeks to unify and uplift both native Africans and those of the African diaspora, as part of a "global African community". Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions A comprehensive world view (or worldview) is a term Calqued from the German word Weltanschauung ( Welt is the German Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language The term African people can refer to people who live in Africa, or people who trace their ancestry to Indigenous inhabitants of Africa. The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the [1]
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Origins
As a philosophy, Pan Africanism represents the aggregation of the historical, cultural, spiritual, artistic, scientific and philosophical legacies of Africans from past times to the present. Pan Africanism as an ethical system, traces its origins from ancient times, and promotes values that are the product of the African civilization and struggles against slavery, racism, colonialism, and neo-colonialism. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism Neocolonialism is a term used by post-colonial critics of Developed countries ' involvement in the developing world
Pan-Africanism is usually seen as a product of the Atlantic slave trade, rather than as something arising in the continent of Africa itself. The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World Enslaved Africans of diverse origins and their descendants found themselves embedded in a system of exploitation where their African origin became a sign of their servile status. Pan-Africanism set aside cultural differences, asserting the principality of these shared experiences to foster solidarity and resistance to exploitation.
Alongside a large number of slave insurrections, by the end of the eighteenth century a political movement developed across the Americas, Europe and Africa which sought to weld these disparate movements into a network of solidarity putting an end to this oppression. The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the Continents of North America and South America In London, the Sons of Africa was a political group addressed by Quobna Ottobah Cugoano in the 1791 edition of his book Thoughts and sentiments on the evil of slavery. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Ottobah Cugoano (c1757 date of death unknown was an African Abolitionist who was active in England in the latter half of the eighteenth century Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The group addressed meetings and organised letter-writing campaigns, published campaigning material and visited parliament. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A parliament is a Legislature, especially in those They wrote to figures such as Granville Sharp, William Pitt and other members of the white abolition movement, as well as King George III and the Prince of Wales, the future George IV. Granville Sharp ( 10 November 1735 - 6 July 1813) was a British campaigner for the abolition of the slave trade, and William Pitt the Younger (28 May 1759 &ndash 23 January 1806 was a British politician of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom
Modern Pan-Africanism began around the beginning of the twentieth century. The African Association, later renamed the Pan African Association, was organized by Henry Sylvester-Williams around 1887, and their first conference was held in 1900[2]. Henry Sylvester Williams ( February 15, 1869 &ndash March 26, 1911) was a Lawyer, Councilor and Writer
Key figures
- Muammar al-Gaddafi, president of Libya, has in recent years been the most dominant/active organizer of African unity and has proposed the formation, based on Kwame Nkrumah's dream, of a United States of Africa. An Afro-Latin American (also Afro-Latino) is a Latin American person of at least partial Black African ancestry the term may also refer to historical African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa Kwanzaa is a week-long holiday celebrated primarily in the United States, honoring African-American heritage See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism The word Maafa (also known as the African Holocaust or Holocaust of Enslavement) is derived from a Swahili word meaning disaster terrible occurrence or The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse African Philosophy is a disputed term used in different ways by different Philosophers. Black nationalism (BN advocates a racial definition (or redefinition of black national identity as opposed to Multiculturalism. Black orientalism is a terminology that is used for an intellectual and cultural movement within primarily African American circles which while similar to the general movement Afrocentrism or Afrocentricity is a World view that emphasizes the importance of African people in culture philosophy and history This is a list of articles that are related to African and black people The Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou ( Festival panafricain du cinéma et de la télévision de Ouagadougou or FESPACO) is the largest African African art constitutes one of the most diverse legacies on earth Established in 1992 The Pan African Film Festival (PAFF is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the promotion of cultural and racial tolerance and understanding through the exhibition of film George Padmore (1902&ndash September 23, 1959) born Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse, was a Trinidadian who became a leading Pan-Africanist Walter Rodney ( March 23, 1942 &ndash June 13, 1980) was a prominent Guyanese historian and political figure Patrice Émery Lumumba ( 2 July, 1925 – 17 January, 1961) was an African anti-colonial leader and the first legally elected Prime Captain Thomas Isidore Noël Sankara ( December 21, 1949 – October 15, 1987) was the leader of Burkina Faso (formerly Frantz Fanon ( July 20, 1925 – December 6, 1961) was a Psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary and author from Ahmed Sékou Touré (var Ahmen Seku Ture) (January 9 1922--March 26 1984 was an African political leader and president of the Republic of Guinea Kwame Nkrumah ( September 21, 1909 - April 27, 1972) was an influential 20th century advocate of Pan-Africanism, and the leader of Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr, National Hero of Jamaica (17 August 1887 10 June 1940 was a Publisher, Journalist, Entrepreneur, Black nationalist Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19 1925 February 21 1965 also known as El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz, was an African American William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (duːˈbɔɪz ( February 23, 1868 August 27, 1963) was an American Civil rights activist Cyril Lionel Robert James ( 4 January 1901 &ndash 19 May 1989) was an Afro- Trinidadian Journalist Cheikh Anta Diop ( 29 December, 1923 &ndash 7 February, 1986) was a Senegalese Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (ˈuɰo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβ̞es ˈfɾias (born July 28 1954 is the current President of Venezuela. Muammar Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi 1 (معمر القذافي) (born 7 June 1942) also known as Colonel Gaddafi Kwame Nkrumah ( September 21, 1909 - April 27, 1972) was an influential 20th century advocate of Pan-Africanism, and the leader of The United States of Africa is a name sometimes given to one version of the possible future unification of Africa as a national and sovereign Federation of states Report
- Edward Wilmot Blyden has been labeled the Father of Pan-Africanism
- W.E.B. Du Bois has also been labeled the Father of Pan-Africanism
- Hugo Chavez, Current President of Venzuela who is trying to reconnect Afro-Latin Americans with their African heritage. Edward Wilmot Blyden ( 3 August, 1832 &ndash 7 February, 1912) was an Americo-Liberian educator writer diplomat and politician William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (duːˈbɔɪz ( February 23, 1868 August 27, 1963) was an American Civil rights activist Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (ˈuɰo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβ̞es ˈfɾias (born July 28 1954 is the current President of Venezuela. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the An Afro-Latin American (also Afro-Latino) is a Latin American person of at least partial Black African ancestry the term may also refer to historical
- Marcus Garvey, was a Caribbean-born Pan-Africanist and stern advocate for the Back-to-Africa movement. Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr, National Hero of Jamaica (17 August 1887 10 June 1940 was a Publisher, Journalist, Entrepreneur, Black nationalist The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The Back-to-Africa movement, also known as the Colonization movement, originated in the United States in the Nineteenth century, and encouraged those
- Jomo Kenyatta was a Pan-African activist who became the first president of Kenya
- Fela Anikulapo Kuti: The founder of Afrobeat music, and political/human rights activist. Jomo Kenyatta ( October 20, 1894 &ndash August 22, 1978) served as the first Prime Minister (1963&ndash1964 and President The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south Fela Anikulapo Kuti (born Olufela Olusegun Oludotun Ransome-Kuti, October 15 1938 – August 2 1997) or simply Fela, was Promoted pan-africanism through his music.
- Kwame Nkrumah was a Pan-African activist who became the first president of Ghana
- Haile Sellassie, emperor of Ethiopia, was a key figure in Pan-Africanism due to his call for greater unity among African Nations
- Malcolm X planned to link the Organization of Afro-American Unity through Pan-Africanism to internationalize the human struggle of African people. Kwame Nkrumah ( September 21, 1909 - April 27, 1972) was an influential 20th century advocate of Pan-Africanism, and the leader of The Republic of Ghana is a country in West Africa. It borders Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast to the west Burkina Faso to the north Togo to the Haile Selassie I ( Ge'ez: am ኃይለ፡ ሥላሴ "Power of the Trinity " 23 July 1892 &ndash 27 August 1975 born Tafari Makonnen, was NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little; May 19 1925 February 21 1965 also known as El-Hajj Malik El- Shabazz, was an African American
Concept
As originally conceived by Henry Sylvester-Williams (note: some history books credit this idea to Edward Wilmot Blyden) pan-Africanism referred to the unity of all continental Africa (excluding North Africa) [1] The concept soon expanded, however, to include the African diaspora. Henry Sylvester Williams ( February 15, 1869 &ndash March 26, 1911) was a Lawyer, Councilor and Writer Edward Wilmot Blyden ( 3 August, 1832 &ndash 7 February, 1912) was an Americo-Liberian educator writer diplomat and politician The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the
During apartheid South Africa there was a Pan Africanist Congress that dealt with the oppression of South Africans under European apartheid rule. The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (once known as the Pan Africanist Congress, abbreviated as the PAC was a South African liberation movement that Other pan-Africanist organizations include Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Association-African Communities League, TransAfrica and the Internal Peoples Democratic Uhuru Movement. Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr, National Hero of Jamaica (17 August 1887 10 June 1940 was a Publisher, Journalist, Entrepreneur, Black nationalist The Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA is an international self-help organization founded by Marcus Garvey. The Uhuru Movement is a group of organizations under the principle of " African internationalism," or the liberation of Africans in both the continent of Africa
Pan-African Banner
The red, black, and green flag represents Pan-Africanism: the red standing for the blood that the African diaspora has shed, black representing people of the African diaspora, and the green standing for the Earth. The Pan-African flag, also referred to as the UNIA flag, Afro-American flag or Black Liberation Flag, is a tri-color Flag consisting of three Two different sets of three colours are referred to as the Pan-African colours: the green gold and red first used in the Flag of Ethiopia; (Ghana was the first Also used in the Pan-African movement are the Ethiopian colors of red, gold, and green. NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page The red and green stand for the same principles as Garvey's flag, and the gold stands for the mineral wealth of Ethiopia/Africa.
Academics
Two of Pan-Africanism's major goals are re-examining African history from a pro-African perspective as opposed to a pro-European perspective and a return to traditional African concepts and culture. Eurocentrism is the practice of viewing the world from a European perspective with an implied belief either consciously or subconsciously in the preeminence of European (and Pan-African academics often espouse the view that Egypt and some other civilizations were and should be acknowledged as having African origin. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
Pan African studies
Also related to Pan-Africanism is the academic discipline of Pan-African Studies. Departments of Pan-African Studies have existed in many North American universities since the 1960s.
Maafa Studies
Maafa is an aspect of Pan-African studies. The word Maafa (also known as the African Holocaust or Holocaust of Enslavement) is derived from a Swahili word meaning disaster terrible occurrence or The term collectively refers to the 500 hundred years of suffering (including the present) of people of African heritage through slavery, imperialism, colonialism, invasions, oppression, and exploitation. [3][4][5] In this area of study, both the actual history and the legacy of that history are studied as a single discourse. Thus the paradigm is the legacy of the African Holocaust on African people globally. The emphasis in the historical narrative is on African agents, as opposed to non-African agents. [6].
Political parties and organizations
Africa-based
- African Unification Front
- The Afrikan World Reparations And Repatriation Truth Commission is a non-profit commission based in Accra, Ghana. The African Unification Front is an organisation aiming to promote the Political, Social and Economic union of Africa. It was started in 1998 by the participants of the First Emancipation Day Celebrations held in Accra. The goals of AWRRTC include Pan-African unification of people of African heritage and payment of reparations to continental and repatriated Africans by Western nations. [7]
- Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (South Africa)
- African People's Convention (South Africa)
US-based
- The Us organization was founded in 1965 by Dr Maulana Karenga, following the Watts riots. The All-African People’s Revolutionary Party (A-APRP is a Socialist group founded by Dr The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (once known as the Pan Africanist Congress, abbreviated as the PAC was a South African liberation movement that The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa African American history is the portion of American history that specifically discusses the African American or Black American ethnic group in the United The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World The word Maafa (also known as the African Holocaust or Holocaust of Enslavement) is derived from a Swahili word meaning disaster terrible occurrence or Slavery in the United States began soon after English colonists first settled Virginia in 1607 and lasted until the passage of the Thirteenth The Military history of African Americans spans from the arrival of the first black slaves during the colonial history of the United The Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enacted primarily but not exclusively in the Southern and border states of the United States between 1876 and 1965 Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services such as Banking, Insurance, access to jobs access to health care or even Supermarkets The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Afrocentrism or Afrocentricity is a World view that emphasizes the importance of African people in culture philosophy and history Reparations for Slavery is a proposal by some in the United States that some type of compensation should be provided to the descendants of enslaved people in African American culture in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of African ethnic groups to the culture of the United States either as part of or distinct from African American studies is a subset of Black studies or Africana studies. African American neighborhoods or black neighborhoods are types of Ethnic enclaves found in many cities in the United States. Historically black colleges and universities ( HBCUs) are institutions of Higher education in the United States that were established before 1964 with the intention Kwanzaa is a week-long holiday celebrated primarily in the United States, honoring African-American heritage African American art is a broad term describing the visual arts of the American black community This is an incomplete list of museums which can or may never satisfy any objective standard for completeness African American dances in the vernacular tradition (academically known as "African American vernacular dance" are those dances which have developed within African African American literature is the body of Literature produced in the United States by writers of African descent African American music (also called black music) is an umbrella term given to a range of Music and Musical genres emerging from or influenced by the The term black church or African American church refers to predominantly African-American Christian churches that minister to predominantly black congregations This theology maintains that African Americans must be liberated from multiple forms of bondage — social political economic and religious Black theology refers to a variety of Christian theologies which has as its base in the The Doctrine of Father Divine is the teachings of the late Father Divine (d The Nation of Islam ( NOI) (أمة الإسلام Ummah al-Islāmu) is a group founded in Detroit, Michigan, Black Hebrew Israelites (also Black Hebrews, African Hebrew Israelites, and Hebrew Israelites) are groups of people of Black African ancestry Vodou ( Anglicized: Voodoo) or Vaudoo is a family of New World syncretistic religions primarily based on the faiths of the Hoodoo is a form of predominantly African-American traditional folk magic. Santería, also known as La Regla de Lukumi (Lukumi's Rule and The Way of the Saints is an Afro-Cuban religious tradition derived from traditional beliefs Black nationalism (BN advocates a racial definition (or redefinition of black national identity as opposed to Multiculturalism. Black Power is a racially based Political slogan and a name for various associated ideologies Black Capitalism is a movement among African Americans to build wealth through the ownership and development of businesses Black conservatism is an international political and social movement rooted in communities of African descent that aligns largely with the conservative movement Following the collapse of Reconstruction, African Americans created a broad-based independent political movement in the South black populism that influence all The African American left tends to support leftist positions on social issues and an expansive state that aims at bringing about equality of outcome between the African The Black Panther Party (originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense) was a Marxist / Maoist African-American organization established Garveyism is an aspect of Black Nationalism which takes its source from the works words and deeds of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, usually abbreviated as NAACP, is one of the oldest and most influential Civil rights organizations The Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC) is an American Civil rights organization The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced "snick" was one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement The National Urban League ( NUL) formerly known as the National League of black men and women, is a Civil rights organization based in New York City The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH is a non-profit organization founded in Chicago, Illinois, on September 9, The United Negro College Fund ( UNCF) is a Fairfax, Virginia -based American philanthropic organization that fundraises College tuition The National Black Chamber of Commerce was incorporated in 1993 by Harry Alford who in 2007 continues as CEO History The National Pan-Hellenic Council was established in an age when Racial segregation and disenfranchisement plagued African Americans, the rise of each The Links Incorporated is an exclusive non-profit organization based upon the ideals of combining friendship and community service The National Council of Negro Women (NCNW is a Non-profit organization with the mission to advance the opportunities and the quality of life for African American women their Part of the History of baseball in the United States series The Negro leagues were American professional Baseball leagues History The Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association, founded on the campus of Hampton Institute (now Hampton University) in 1912 is the oldest African-American Conference sports Conference member schools Current members Former members Conference Stadia Championships The Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference (MEAC is a Collegiate athletic conference of historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs in the Southeastern "Southwestern Conference" redirects here For the former major conference in Texas and Arkansas see Southwest Conference; for the Ohio High School Conference English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Gullah language (Sea Island Creole English Geechee is a Creole language spoken by the Gullah people (also called "Geechees" an African Louisiana Creole is a French Creole language spoken by the mixed Louisiana Creole people of the state of Louisiana. African American Vernacular English ( AAVE) – also called African American English; less precisely Black English, Black Vernacular, Notable African-Americans or Black Americans For people from current African countries see lists for individual countries List of first African-American mayors for most mayor listings African Americans are a demographic minority in the United States. This is a list of landmark legislation, court decisions, executive orders and proclamations in the United States significantly affecting African Americans This is an alphabetical list of African-American-related topics: A African American African American culture This is a list of articles that are related to African and black people The Uhuru Movement is a group of organizations under the principle of " African internationalism," or the liberation of Africans in both the continent of Africa Maulana Karenga (born Ronald McKinley Everett on July 14, 1941, and also known as Ron Everett) is an African American Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Maulana Karenga (born Ronald McKinley Everett on July 14, 1941, and also known as Ron Everett) is an African American The term Watts Riots refers to a large-scale Race riot which lasted six days in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles California, in August It is based on the synthetic African philosophy of kawaida and the Nguzo Saba. African Philosophy is a disputed term used in different ways by different Philosophers. In the words of its founder and chair, Dr. Karanga, the essential task of our organization Us has been and remains to provide a philosophy, a set of principles and a program which inspires a personal and social practice that not only satisfies human need but transforms people in the process, making them self-conscious agents of their own life and liberation. [8] Us is perhaps most well-known for creating Kwaanza and the Nguzo Saba, or Seven Principles. Kwanzaa is a week-long holiday celebrated primarily in the United States, honoring African-American heritage
Global Afrikan Congress
The Global Afrikan Congress (GAC) is an international umbrella organization created by and for Africans and people of African descent. The GAC's ultimate goals are to justly redistribute global resources and resist continued oppression; it seeks to accomplish these goals by demanding reparations for the exploitation of people of African heritage, supporting policies to combat institutional racism, and working for recognition and respect for Africans and people of African descent. [9] The GAC was organized in October 2002 in Bridgetown, Barbados and is a direct outgrowth of the African-African Descendants Caucus (AADC) formed before the 2001 United Nations World Conference on Racism (UNWCAR). Barbados ( Portuguese word for bearded-ones, bɑrˈbeɪdoʊz -dɒs situated just east of the Caribbean Sea, is an independent Island nation After the UNWCAR there was no follow-up on the part of those designated to continue the work of the AADC begun during the preparatory conferences (PREPCOMS) leading up to the UNWCAR. Organized by attorney Roger Wareham, the AADC became the leading voice of Africans throughout the world during the UNWCAR. The AADC was instrumental in getting the Transatlantic slave trade declared "a crime against humanity", and opened the door for a direct, legal assault on nations and corporations that benefited from the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World The Atlantic Slave trade, also known as the transatlantic slave trade, was the trade of African people supplied to the Colonies of the New World The GAC continues the AADC's work and is now organized in 35 nations. Its constitutional convention, held in October of 2004 in Paramaribo, Suriname, ratified a document considered by many to codify the direction in which the Pan-African movement should move during the 21st century. Paramaribo (nickname Par′bo) is the Capital and largest City of Suriname, located on banks of the Suriname River in the [10]
Pan-African concepts and philosophies
Kwanzaa
African Code
The African Code is a concept within Pan-Africanism. Kwanzaa is a week-long holiday celebrated primarily in the United States, honoring African-American heritage It stresses unity through diversity based upon the 7 key principles; derived from Kwanzaa. Kwanzaa is a week-long holiday celebrated primarily in the United States, honoring African-American heritage The African Code functions as an intersection of a global Pan-African ethos for unity via diversity. It has been translated into over 30 languages and function as a non-political, non-religious cultural commonground for African people seeking self-determination. [11] The African Code uses the Ge'ez alphabet and sees Kiswahili as the official pan-African language, and subsequently Ge'ez as an African script to replace all forms of Latin to write all African languages. Ge'ez (gez ግዕዝ) also called Ethiopic, is an Abugida script that was originally developed to write Ge'ez, a Semitic language Swahili (called Kiswahili in the language itself is the First language of the Swahili people (Waswahili who inhabit several large stretches Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.
Afrocentric Pan-Africanism
Afrocentric Pan-Africanism, as espoused by Dr. Afrocentrism or Afrocentricity is a World view that emphasizes the importance of African people in culture philosophy and history Kwabena Faheem Ashanti, Ph. D in his book The Psychotechnology of Brainwashing: Crucifying Willie Lynch. Another newer movement that has evolved from the early Afrocentric school is the Afrisecal movement or Afrisecaism of Dr Francis Ohanyido a Nigerian Philosopher- Poet. Francis Ohanyido (born March 4, 1970) is an African philosopher poet essayist public health Physician and Rights Advocate [12] Black Nationalism is sometimes associated with this form of pan-Africanism; the figure of Afrocentric Pan-Africanism in the Spanish-speaking world is Professor Antumi Toasijé. Black nationalism (BN advocates a racial definition (or redefinition of black national identity as opposed to Multiculturalism. [13]
Kawaida
Hip Hop
During the past three decades hip hop has emerged as a powerful force shaping black and African identities worldwide. African Philosophy is a disputed term used in different ways by different Philosophers. In his article “Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin’ For?,” Greg Tate describes hip hop culture as the product of a Pan-African state of mind[14]. It is an “ethnic enclave/ empowerment zone that has served as a foothold for the poorest among us to get a grip on the land of the prosperous,”[15]. Hip-hop unifies those of African descent globally in its movement towards greater economic, social and political power. Andreana Clay in her article “Keepin’ it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity” states that hip hop provides the world with “vivid illustrations of Black lived experience” creating bonds of black identity across the globe[16]. Hip hop authenticates a black identity, and in doing so, creates a unifying uplifting force among Africans as Pan-Africanism sets out to achieve.
Pan-African art
- See FESPACO, DPAFF and PAFF for Pan-African film festivals
- See African art
Criticism
Pan-Africanism is often criticized for overlooking the cultural and ethnic differences of African people as well as different socio-political circumstances among people of African descent worldwide. The Panafrican Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou ( Festival panafricain du cinéma et de la télévision de Ouagadougou or FESPACO) is the largest African Established in 1992 The Pan African Film Festival (PAFF is a non-profit corporation dedicated to the promotion of cultural and racial tolerance and understanding through the exhibition of film African art constitutes one of the most diverse legacies on earth Although Africans are people from the continent of Africa including Anglo and mixed race people, and people of various religions or multiple tribal heritage, these indigenous people are disregarded. The movement seeks to unite "black power" under the label of being African even though an individual of black race may trace his history multiple generations past within their national origin far from Africa. White African people, mixed race people and colonial decedents are not even included in the definition regardless of whether they are indigenous to the continent. The movement is creates racist polarization and divisiveness.
Further, the modern twist of the movement excludes whites from business and government matters amongst African international exchanges. See Robert Mugabe; refer also the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Democratic Republic of the Congo (République démocratique du Congo often referred to as DR Congo, DRC or RDC, and formerly known or referred to Unfortunately once in command, these leaders favor their own tribes forsaking all others and may even kill their opposition tribes and their nation's Whites. See Gukurahundi and Zimbabwe's Fifth Brigade. The Gukurahundi ( Shona: "the early rain which washes away the Chaff before the spring rains" refers to an armed conflict between the Zimbabwe Government The Fifth Brigade was an Elite unit of specially-trained Zimbabwean soldiers
These leaders choose Afro-Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Iran's President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, North Korea and Communist China when black only nations in their alliance cannot provide what they need in barter. An Afro-Latin American (also Afro-Latino) is a Latin American person of at least partial Black African ancestry the term may also refer to historical Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (ˈuɰo rafaˈel ˈtʃaβ̞es ˈfɾias (born July 28 1954 is the current President of Venezuela. Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (محمود احمدینژاد; born October 28, 1956) is the sixth and current President of the Islamic Republic of Iran North Korea is the commonly used short form name for the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (or DPRK) a State located in East Asia, Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Minerals are exchanged for oil (Venezuela, Malaysia, the former USSR), soldiers are exchanged for grain. Grain is exchanged for mineral rights and so on. Often, the soldiers exchanged are opposition tribe members who are enscripted by the Marxist state. Whatever it takes to remain the exclusive leader is done as long as the European Community and North America are not included.
Robert Mugabe for example, was obliged by the Lancaster House Agreement to work with the opposition tribe and anglo representation white constituents of Rhodesia when changed to Zimbabwe. The Lancaster House Agreement ended biracial rule in Zimbabwe Rhodesia following negotiations between representatives of the Patriotic Front (PF consisting of ZAPU Rhodesia was the name adopted when the formerly British colony of Southern Rhodesia declared itself independent ( Unilateral Declaration of Independence Instead he openly cut off ties to all white businesses that engaged in commerce with Zimbabwe, to the extent of financial collapse that mattered less to his objectives than hand shake deals with black Africans excluively. [17]
See also
References
- ^ a b [http://www.jpanafrican.com/ "Sculpting a Pan-African Culture in the Art of Negritude: A Model for African Artist"]. This is a list of articles that are related to African and black people The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa An Afro-Latin American (also Afro-Latino) is a Latin American person of at least partial Black African ancestry the term may also refer to historical
- ^ "The History of Pan-Africanism".
- ^ "Let the Circle be Unbroken". "Marimba Ani".
- ^ "What Holocaust". "Glenn Reitz".
- ^ "The Maafa, African Holocaust". Swagga.
- ^ "Removal of Agency from Africa". "Owen 'Alik Shahadah". Owen 'Alik Shahadah (b 1973) is a director, African Writer, Musician, Photographer and Music producer. Retrieved on 2005. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "awrrtc About".
- ^ "Principles of Us".
- ^ "GAC About".
- ^ "The GAC Constitution".
- ^ "African Code Status".
- ^ "African Resource" " Francis Ohanyido Bio".
- ^ "Antumi Toasijé Bio in Spanish".
- ^ Tate, Greg. “Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin’ For?” Village Voice. 4 January 2005.
- ^ Tate, Greg. “Hip-hop Turns 30: Whatcha Celebratin’ For?” Village Voice. 4 January 2005.
- ^ Clay, Andreana. “Keepin’ it Real: Black Youth, Hip-Hop Culture, and Black Identity. ” In American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46. 10 (2003): 1346-1358.
- ^ "Pan-Africanism: Problems and Prospects". "African Studies".
External links
- Pan African: Information
- Global Afrikan Congress
- African Code Unity Through Diversity
- AFROSTYLY : Kamit News (Black Community)
- :PanAfricanist.com
www. theapc. org. za
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