For other meanings, see Pamplona (disambiguation).

Pamplona / Iruña
Flag Seal
Coordinates: 42°49′1.2″N 1°38′34.08″W / 42.817, -1.6428
Country	Spain
Autonomous Community	Navarre
Founded	74 BC
Government
- Mayoress	Yolanda Barcina (UPN)
Area
- City	23. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. An autonomous community is a first-level political division of the Kingdom of Spain, established in accordance with the Spanish Constitution. Year 74 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Nicomedes IV, last king of Bithynia Alcalde () or Alcalde ordinario, is the traditional Spanish municipal magistrate who had both Judicial and administrative functions Yolanda Barcina Angulo ( April 4, 1960) has been the mayor of Pamplona, Spain since 1999 Navarrese People's Union (in Spanish: Unión del Pueblo Navarro) is a conservative Political party active in the Navarre region of Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 55 km² (9. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 1 sq mi)
Elevation	446 m (1,457 ft)
Population (2006)[1]
- City	195,769
- Density	8,516. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 73/km² (22,058. 2/sq mi)
- Metro	319,208
	population-ranking: 30st (municipality); 23st (metro area)
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Website: http://www.pamplona.net

Pamplona (Basque: Iruñea or Iruña^[2]) is the capital city of Navarre, Spain and of the former kingdom of Navarre. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Basque ( native name: euskara) is the Language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either

For Basque nationalists, Pamplona is the historical capital of the Basque Country. Basque nationalism is a movement with roots in the Carlism and the loss by the laws of 1839 and 1876 of the Ancien Régime relationship between the Basque provinces

The city is worldwide famous for the San Fermín festival, from July 6 to 14, in which the running of the bulls or encierro is one of the main attractions. The festival of San Fermín in the city of Pamplona ( Navarre, Spain) is a deeply-rooted celebration held annually from noon 6 July when the opening of Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. The Running of the Bulls (in Spanish encierro, from the verb encerrar, to shut in to lock up is a practice that involves running in front of bulls This fiesta, known as Sanfermines to the local population, was first brought to wide spread attention by Ernest Hemingway in his first novel, The Sun Also Rises. Ernest Miller Hemingway (July 21 1899 — July 2 1961 was an American novelist short-story writer, and Journalist. The Sun Also Rises is the first major Novel by Ernest Hemingway.

As of 2007 Pamplona Municipality comprises 27 councillors: 13 of UPN, 8 of NaBai, 4 of PSOE and 2 of ANV. Navarrese People's Union (in Spanish: Unión del Pueblo Navarro) is a conservative Political party active in the Navarre region of Navarre Yes or Nafarroa Bai ( Basque) is a Navarrese ( Spain) coalition of both left and rightwing Basque nationalist parties which was The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party, commonly abbreviated by its Spanish initials PSOE ( P artido S ocialista O brero E spañol is Eusko Abertzale Ekintza - Acción Nacionalista Vasca (EAE-ANV (Basque Nationalist Action was the first Basque Nationalist Political party to exist that presented

Contents 1 Geography 2 History 2.1 Foundation and Roman times 2.2 Early Middle Ages 2.3 Three burgos and one city 2.4 A fortress-city 2.5 Industrialisation and modernisation 3 Urbanism 4 Economy 5 Education and culture 6 Transportation 7 Architecture and places of interest 7.1 Religious architecture 7.2 Military and civil architecture 7.3 Parks 8 Sports 9 Sister cities 10 References 11 External links

Geography

Pamplona is located in the middle of Navarre, in a rounded valley known as the Cuenca de Pamplona, that links the mountainous North with the Ebro valley. The Cuenca de Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñerria) is a rounded valley in Navarre, Spain. The Ebro ( Ebre) is Spain 's most voluminous river Its source is in Fontibre ( Cantabria) The climate and landscape of the Cuenca is a transition between those two main Navarrese geographical regions. Its central position at crossroads has served as a commercial link between those very different natural parts of Navarre.

The historical center of Pamplona is on the right bank of the Arga, a tributary of the Ebro. The Arga is a River of Navarre, in Spain. It is one of the tributaries of the river Ebro. Today the city grows on both sides of the river. Its climate is Oceanic with influences of Continental Mediterranean. An oceanic climate (also called marine west coast climate and maritime climate) is the Climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes Continental Mediterranean climate is a variant of Mediterranean climate in the interior of the Iberian peninsula (the Meseta and the Ebro valley

History

Foundation and Roman times

In the winter of 74-75 BC, the area served as a camp for the Roman general Pompey in the war against Sertorius. Year 74 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Nicomedes IV, last king of Bithynia Year 75 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome In Rome, the tribune Quintus Opimius The Roman Republic was the phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by a Republican form of government a period which began with the overthrow of the Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus, commonly known as Pompey /'pɑmpi/ Pompey the Great or Pompey the Triumvir ( Classical Latin abbreviation Quintus Sertorius ( 123 BC - 72 BC) was a Roman statesman and general born in Nursia, in Sabine territory around 124 BC He is considered to be the founder of Pompaelo^[3], which became Pamplona, in modern Spanish language. It is thought that it was the chief town of the Vascones, and they called it Iruña, 'the city'. The Vascones (Latin singular VASCO) were an ancient people who at the arrival of the Romans, inhabited the region of present day Navarre Roman Pompaelo was located in the province of Hispania Tarraconensis, on the road from Burdigala (modern Bordeaux) to Asturica (modern Astorga); ^[4] it was a civitas stipendiaria in the jurisdiction of the conventus of Caesaraugusta (modern Zaragoza)^[5]. Hispania Tarraconensis was one of three Roman provinces in Hispania. ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate Astorga is a small city and Episcopal see, located in the province of León of Spain. In Ancient Rome territorial organization a conventus iuridicus was the capital city of a subdivision of some provinces ( Dalmatia, Spain Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former Although it can not be considered one of the outstanding cities of Roman Hispania, recent archaeological excavations have revealed a quite high degree of development.

Early Middle Ages

After the fall of the Roman Empire and during the Visigothic period (fourth to eighth centuries), the Vascones lived independently, although it is likely that Visigoths controlled, maybe only intermittently, the fortified city of Pamplona. The Decline of the Roman Empire, leading to the Fall of the Roman Empire, or the Fall of Rome, was the end of the Western Roman Empire. The History of Spain spans the period from Prehistoric Iberia, through the rise and fall of the first global empire, to Spain's current position It is known also that several Pamplonese bishops attended the Councils of Toledo. A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight Councils of Toledo ( Concilia toletana) From the fifth to the Seventh century, about thirty Synods, variously counted were held at Toledo During the eighth century, Moors and Franks intermittently controlled the city. The 8th century is the period from 701 to 800 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Muslim (and earlier non-Muslim people of Berber and Arab descent The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group The best-known episode of that obscure period was the destruction of the city walls by Charlemagne after his failed expedition to Zaragoza in 778. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his Events By Place Europe August 15 — Battle of Roncevaux Pass (Roncesvalles Charlemagne 's army suffers a terrible He was subsequently defeated in the famous battle of Roncevaux. The Battle of Roncevaux Pass ( French and English spelling Roncesvalles in Spanish, Orreaga in Basque) was a During the late eighth century, Pamplona and its area of influence oscillated between two powerful states but proved unable to secure permanently its rule over the Basque region. This alternation could reflect also the internal struggles of the Basque warrior nobility. Finally, in 824 Íñigo Arista was crowned as king of Pamplona. Events By Place Europe Third Battle of Roncevaux Pass: The Basques and Banu Qasi defeat counts Eblo and Aznar Frankish Íñigo Íñiguez Arista ( ونقه بن ونقه, Wannaqo ibn Wannaqo, Basque: Eneko Enekones Aritza / Haritza / Aiza This is a list of the kings of Pamplona ( Iruña in Basque), later Navarre. This kingdom strengthened its independence from the weakened Frankish empire and Cordoban emirate. The Caliphate of Córdoba (Arabic خلافة قرطبة ruled the Iberian peninsula ( Al-Andalus) and North Africa from the city of Nevertheless, during this period Pamplona was not properly a city but just a kind of fortress.

Three burgos and one city

From the 11th century reviving economic development allowed Pamplona to recover its urban life. The bishops of Pamplona recovered their ecclesiastical leading role; during the previous centuries isolated monasteries, especially Leyre, had actually hold the religious power. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The Monastery of San Salvador of Leyre is placed at the south of the Sierra of Leyre in Navarra, Spain. The pilgrimages to Santiago de Compostela contributed a lot to revive the commercial and cultural exchanges with Christian Europe beyond the Pyrenees. The Way of St James or St James' Way ( Galician O camiño de Santiago, Spanish name El Camino de Santiago) The Pyrenees (Pirineos French: Pyrénées; Catalan: Pirineus; Occitan: Pirenèus; Aragonese: Perinés In the 12th century, the city enlarged with two new separate burgos (independent municipalities): San Cernin and San Nicolás, in which the population of local Navarrese was swelled by French merchants and artisans. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Old Pamplona and the new burgos were almost always engaged in quarrels among themselves. The most dramatic episode was the destruction of the Navarrería by the other two boroughs and the massacre of its population in 1276. Its site was abandoned for nearly fifty years. King Charles III decreed the unification of the boroughs in a single city in 1423. Charles III (1361 Nantes &ndash 8 September 1425, Olite) called the Noble, was King of Navarre from 1387 to his death

A fortress-city

After the annexation of Navarre to Spain (1512), Pamplona remained as capital of the autonomous kingdom of Navarre, which preserved its own institutions and laws. The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either The Kingdom of Navarre (Reino de Navarra Nafarroako Erresuma Royaume de Navarre originally the Kingdom of Pamplona, was a European kingdom which occupied lands on either Pamplona acquired a key role in the military defence of the Pyrenees. The southern side of the city was the weaker and the Navarrese king Louis I built a castle in the early 14th century in the site that is known today as Plaza del Castillo (Castle Square). Louis X (October 1289 – 5 June 1316) called the Quarreller, the Headstrong, or the Stubborn (le Hutin el Obstinado was the After the Castilian conquest, king Ferdinand V ordered in 1513 the demolition of the mediaeval castle and the building of a new one in a very close place. Ferdinand II of Aragon the Catholic (Fernando II de Aragón y V de Castilla "el Católico" Ferran II d'Aragó "el Catòlic" Ferrando II d'Aragón But the progress of artillery demanded a complete renewal of the fortified system. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine King Philip II ordered the building of a star fort in the southern side of the city and the modernization of all the walls. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 A star fort or trace italienne is a Fortification in the style that evolved during the age of Black powder, when cannons came The walls that exist today date from the late sixteenth to eighteenth centuries. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system

During the eighteenth century, Pamplona was considerably beautified and its urban services improved. A continuous water supply was established and the streets were paved, among many other enhancements. Water supply is the process of self-provision or provision by third parties of water of various qualities to different users Rich aristocrats and businessmen also built their mansions. In the nineteenth century this fortress-city played a key role in several wars in which Spain was involved. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar During the Napoleonic Wars French troops occupied the city in 1808 and remained in it until 1813. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1808 ( MDCCCVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common During the Carlist Wars (1833-1839 and 1872-1876) Pamplona was each time controlled by the liberals, not just because the few liberals that lived in Navarre were mainly Pamplonese, but because of the governmental control over the fortified city. The Carlist Wars in Spain were the last major European Civil wars in which pretenders fought to establish their claim to a throne Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Year 1872 ( MDCCCLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Although Carlist rebels easily ruled the countryside, the government army had no problem in dominating the walled capital of Navarre. Nevertheless, during the last Carlist war, modern artillery operated by Carlists from surrounding mountains showed that the old walls would not be enough in the face of a stronger enemy. Thus, the Government decided to build a fort on the top of mount San Cristóbal, just three kilometers north of Pamplona. The Fort Alfonso XII or San Cristóbal is a fort located on the top of the mount San Cristóbal (8928 m above sea level which is very close (4 km to Pamplona,

Due to its military role, the city could not grow outside its walled belt. Furthermore, building in the closest area to the walls was banned to avoid any advantage for a besieger; thus the city could only grow by increasing its housing density. Higher and narrower houses were built and courtyards gradually disappeared. During the nineteenth century road transportation improved, and the railway came in 1860. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Road transport ( British English) or road transportation ( American English) is Transport on Roads of passengers or goods "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting Nevertheless, industry in Pamplona as well as in Navarre as a whole was weak during century of the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Anyway, no industrial development was feasible in such a constrained fortress-city.

After a slight modification of the star fort allowed an expansion of just six blocks in 1888, the First World War demonstrated that the fortified system of Pamplona was already obsolete. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In 1915, the Army allowed the destruction of the walls and abolished the building ban in the city's surroundings. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The southern side of the walls was destroyed and the other three remained as they did not hinder urban growth. The star fort continued to serve as a military facility until 1964, but just as a garrison. Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar.

Industrialisation and modernisation

Freed from its military function, Pamplona could lead the process of industrialisation and modernisation in which Navarre was involved during the twentieth century, especially during its second half. is a process of social and economic change whereby a human group is transformed from a Pre-industrial society into an industrial one The twentieth century of the Common Era began on The urban growth (see Urbanism) has been accompanied by the development of industry and services. For other meanings see Pamplona (disambiguation. Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñea or Iruña) is the capital city of Navarre Population growth has been the effect of an intense immigration process during the 60s and 70s: from the Navarrese countryside and from other less developed regions of Spain, mainly Castile and León and Andalusia. Note Sometimes the ' 60s is used as shorthand for the 1960s, the 1860s, or other such decades in various centuries Events and Note Sometimes the ' 70s is used as shorthand for the 1970s, the 1870s, or other such decades in other centuries Events and Castile and León (Castilla y León known formally as the Community of Castile and León is one of the seventeen autonomous communities of Spain. Andalusia (Andalucía is an autonomous community of Spain. It is the most populous and the second largest in terms of land area Since the 90s the immigration is coming mainly from abroad. Note Sometimes the ' 90s is used as shorthand for the 1990s, the 1890s, or other such decades in various centuries The population of Spain doubled during the twentieth century due to the spectacular demographic boom in the 1960s and early 1970s

Pamplona is listed as a city with one of the best standards of living and quality of life in Spain^[6]. The standard of living refers to the quality and quantity of goods and services available to people and the way these goods and services are distributed within a population Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people Its industry rate is higher than the national average, although it is menaced by delocalization. In chemistry delocalized electrons are Electrons in a Molecule that are not associated with a single Atom or to a Covalent bond. Crime rates are lower than the national average but cost of living, especially housing, is considerably higher^[7]. Crime statistics attempt to provide a statistical measure of the level or amount of- Crime that is prevalent in societies Cost of living is the Cost of maintaining a certain Standard of living. Thanks to its little size and an acceptable service of public transportation, there are not big problems of transit. Political life is seriously affected by the Basque Nationalist conflict. Basque nationalism is a movement with roots in the Carlism and the loss by the laws of 1839 and 1876 of the Ancien Régime relationship between the Basque provinces

Urbanism

Like many other European cities, it is very easy to distinguish what is so called the "old city" (Casco Viejo) and the new neighborhoods. The oldest part of the old city is Navarrería, which corresponds with the Roman city. During the 12th century, the boroughs of Saint Sernin (San Saturnino or San Cernin) and Saint Nicholas (San Nicolás) were established. Charles III decreed the unification of the three places under a single municipality in 1423. Charles III (1361 Nantes &ndash 8 September 1425, Olite) called the Noble, was King of Navarre from 1387 to his death

The city did not grow more in extension until the late 19th century. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar In 1888, a little modification of the star fort was allowed, but it just permitted the building of six blocks. Year 1888 ( MDCCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a It was called the I Ensanche (literally, "first widening"). The southern walls were destroyed in 1915 and the II Ensanche ("second widening") was planned. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Its plan followed the grid pattern model designed by Ildefons Cerdà for Barcelona. The grid plan or gridiron plan is a type of City plan in which Streets run at right angles to each other forming a grid. Ildefons Cerdà i Sunyer (in Catalan or Ildefonso Cerdá Suñer (in Spanish ( December 23, 1815 - August 21, 1876) was the progressive The Eixample ( Catalan for "extension" Spanish: Ensanche) is a district of Barcelona between the old city ( Ciutat Vella) Its blocks were built between the 20s and the 50s. The 1920s is sometimes referred to as the " Jazz Age " or the " Roaring Twenties " when speaking about the United States and Canada The 1950s Decade refers to the years of 1950 to 1959 inclusive The prevailing housing model are apartment buildings of five to eight floors.

After the Civil War, three new zones of Pamplona began to grow: Rochapea, Milagrosa, and Chantrea. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Only the last one was a planned neighborhood, the other two being disorderly growths. In 1957, the municipality designed the first general ordination plan for the city, which established the guidelines for further urban development. Year 1957 ( MCMLVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar) According to this, during the 60s and 70s saw the creation of new neighborhoods like San Juan, Iturrama, San Jorge, Echavacoiz, and Orvina. Note Sometimes the ' 60s is used as shorthand for the 1960s, the 1860s, or other such decades in various centuries Events and Note Sometimes the ' 70s is used as shorthand for the 1970s, the 1870s, or other such decades in other centuries Events and

The urban growth of Pamplona surpassed the administrative limits of the city and involved municipalities like Barañáin, Burlada, Villava, Ansoain, Berriozar, Noain or Huarte in a larger metropolitan area. Barañain is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Burlada (Burlata is a Municipality in Navarre province Spain on the outskirts of the city of Pamplona. Villava/Atarrabia is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Ansoain is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarra, northern Spain. Berriozar is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Noáin (Valle de Elorz - Noain (Elortzibar is a Municipality in Navarre, Spain. Huarte - Uharte is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. During the 1980s and 1990s, new neighborhoods were born: Azpilagaña, Mendebaldea, and Mendillorri. The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 Rochapea was profoundly renewed. The urbanism of those new neighborhoods is very similar to other Spanish provincial capitals that experienced a similar intense economic development during the sixties and seventies. Although the grid plan is not applied, the urbanisation is previously designed and the apartment buildings are taller: never less than six floors and many taller than ten or even twenty. Industry, which previously coexisted with housing, was moved to industrial parks (the oldest and the only one within municipal limits of Pamplona is Landaben).

In recent years, single-family house neighborhoods have grown in the metropolitan area: Zizur Mayor, Cizur Menor, Mutilva Alta, Mutilva Baja, Olaz, Esquíroz, Artica and Alzuza. Zizur Mayor (Basque Zizur Nagusia) is a Municipality in the Spanish autonomous community of Navarra, Northern Spain. Aranguren is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Aranguren is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Egüés or Egüés Valley ( Spanish, Valle de Egüés is a Municipality of Navarre, Spain, in the Metropolitan area of Galar is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Berrioplano is a town and Municipality located in the province and autonomous community of Navarre, northern Spain. Egüés or Egüés Valley ( Spanish, Valle de Egüés is a Municipality of Navarre, Spain, in the Metropolitan area of New neighborhoods are being building in Buztintxuri, Lezkairu, and Sarriguren. Egüés or Egüés Valley ( Spanish, Valle de Egüés is a Municipality of Navarre, Spain, in the Metropolitan area of The apartment buildings in those zones tend to be quite shorter, usually not more than six floors and with more room for green areas.

Economy

Pamplona has shifted in few decades from a little administrative and even rural town to a medium-size city of industry and services. The industry sector is diversified although the most important activity is related to automobile industry. For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" The automotive industry is the industry involved in the design development manufacture marketing and sale of Motor vehicles In 2007 more than 73 million motor vehicles Volkswagen manufactures Polo model in its factory of Landaben and there are many auxiliary industries that work for Volkswagen and other companies. The Volkswagen Polo is a Supermini car manufactured by Volkswagen. Other remarkable industries are building materials, metalworking and food processing. For other kinds of building materials see Hardware, Biology, Star formation. Metalworking is craft and practice of working with Metals to create individual parts assemblies or large scale structures Food processing is the set of methods and techniques used to transform raw Ingredients into Food or to transform food into other forms for consumption by Renewable energy technologies are also an increasing economic sector (wind turbines manufacturing and generation) and neighboring Sarriguren is the seat of the National Center for Renewable Energies (CENER)^[8] and of Acciona Energía. A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the Kinetic energy in Wind into Mechanical energy. Wind Power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form such as electricity using Wind turbines At the end of 2007 worldwide capacity of wind-powered generators was Egüés or Egüés Valley ( Spanish, Valle de Egüés is a Municipality of Navarre, Spain, in the Metropolitan area of Acciona Energy, a Spanish company develops and manages Renewable energy projects including small Hydro, Biomass, Solar energy and thermal energy

Pamplona is the main commercial and services center of Navarre. Its area of influence is not beyond the province, except for the University of Navarre and its teaching hospital, which provide private educational and health services nationwide and even internationally. The University of Navarra is a private Pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain.

Education and culture

The city is home to two universities: the above mentioned University of Navarre, a corporate work of Opus Dei founded in 1952, which is ranked as the best private university in Spain^[9], and the Public University of Navarre, established by the Government of Navarre in 1987. The University of Navarra is a private Pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain. Opus Dei, formally known as The Prelature of the Holy Cross and Opus Dei, is a part of the Roman Catholic Church that teaches the Catholic belief that everyone Year 1952 ( MCMLII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Universidad Pública de Navarra (Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa was created in 1987 by the government of the Spanish autonomous region of Navarre ( Spanish Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) There is also a local branch of the UNED (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia). The Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED, is the public Spanish Open University

The two most important museums in Pamplona are the Museo de Navarra, devoted to the archaeological and artistic heritage of Navarre, and the Museo Diocesano of religious art, located in the cathedral. Pamplona is the first Spanish city in the French way of the Way of Saint James. The French Way (Camino Francés is the most popular of the routes of the Way of St The Way of St James or St James' Way ( Galician O camiño de Santiago, Spanish name El Camino de Santiago) Since 2004, Pamplona venues Punto de Vista International Documentary Film Festival, the most important Spanish documentary film festival. "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Prix Jean Vigo for the best director The Prix Jean Vigo aims to strengthen both the spirit which inspired the festival in the first place and its commitment to the work Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality

Transportation

Pamplona is linked by motorways with neighboring Saragossa (1978), San Sebastián, Vitoria (1995) and Logroño (2006). Motorway is a term for both a type of Road and a classification or designation The Autovía A-15 is a highway in Spain from Tudela to San Sebastián. Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The Autovía A-15 is a highway in Spain from Tudela to San Sebastián. The Autovia A-10 is a highway in Navarre, north western Spain. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Autovía A-12 is a highway in Spain known as the Autovía del Camino de Santiago between Pamplona and Burgos. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Buses use since 2007 a new bus station in the downtown that replaces the old one (1934). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. bus station is a structure where city or intercity Buses stop to pick up and drop off passengers Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The airport (1972), operated by Aena and located in Noain, schedules several flights daily to Madrid and Barcelona^[10]. Pamplona Airport is an airport in Pamplona, Spain. Airlines and destinations Iberia Iberia operated Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Aena is the Spanish state owned company that owns and manages all Spanish airports Noáin (Valle de Elorz - Noain (Elortzibar is a Municipality in Navarre, Spain. Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia There are railway (1861) links with Madrid, Saragossa and northern Spain, operated by Renfe. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. Zaragoza, also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza province and of the autonomous community and former Renfe Operadora is the State-owned company which operates freight and passenger Trains on the 1668-mm " Iberian gauge " and 1435-mm " High speed train link with Saragossa, Madrid and Barcelona is not expected before 2014. 2014 ( MMXIV) will be a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. A new railway station will be built in the southern part of the city. |}A train station, railway station, railroad station, or station yard is a facility at which Passengers may board and alight from Trains There are 20 daytime lines and 9 night lines of public buses, operated by La Montañesa, the chartered company of the Mancomunidad de la Comarca de Pamplona. The Mancomunidad de la Comarca de Pamplona (Iruñerriko Mankomunitatea is a Mancomunidad of municipalities of the Pamplona Metropolitan area A tram project is being discussed. A tram, tramcar, trolley, trolley car, or streetcar is a railborne vehicle, of lighter weight and construction than a Train

Architecture and places of interest

Several notable churches, most of its sixteenth to eighteenth century fortified system and other civil architecture buildings belong to the historic-artistic heritage of Pamplona. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system

Religious architecture

The most important religious building is the fourteenth century Gothic Cathedral, with an outstanding cloister and a Neoclassical façade. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. The Cathedral of Royal Saint Mary (Santa María la Real is the Roman Catholic Cathedral of the Archdiocese of Pamplona, Spain. A cloister (from Latin claustrum) is a part of Cathedral, Monastic and Abbey architecture Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo A facade or façade (fəˈsɑːd is generally one side of the exterior of a Building, especially the front but also sometimes the sides and rear There are another two main Gothic churches in the old city: Saint Sernin and Saint Nicholas, both built during the thirteenth century. Two other Gothic churches were built during the sixteenth century: Saint Dominic and Saint Augustine. During the seventeenth and eighteenth century were built the Baroque chapels of Saint Fermin, in the church of Saint Lawrence, and of the Virgin of the Road (Virgen del Camino), in the church of Saint Sernin, the convents of the Augustinian Recolect nuns and the Carmelite friars, and the Saint Ignatius of Loyola basilica in the place where he was injured in the battle during whose subsequent convalescence he decided to be priest. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc The Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo (died AD 430) are several Catholic Monastic orders and congregations The Order of the Brothers of Our Lady of Mount Carmel or Carmelites (sometimes simply Carmel by Synecdoche; Latin: Ordo fratrum Beatæ Saint Ignatius redirects here for other Saints see Ignatius. Ignatius of Loyola, also known as Íñigo Oñaz López de Loyola The most remarkable twentieth century religious buildings are probably the new diocesan seminary (1931) and the classical-revival style memorial church (1942) to the Navarrese dead in the Nationalist side of the Civil War and that is used today as temporary exhibitions room. A seminary, theological college, or divinity school is a specialized and often live-in Higher education institution for the purpose of instructing students Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century both as a reaction against the Rococo Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of

Military and civil architecture

From the prominent military past of Pamplona remain three of the fourth sides of the city walls and, with little modifications, the citadel or star fort. All the mediaeval structures were replaced in order to resist artillery sieges. Complete obsolete for the modern war, they are used today as parks.

The oldest civil building today existing is a fourteenth century house that was used as Cámara de Comptos (the court of auditors of the early modern autonomous kingdom of Navarre) from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. A financial audit, or more accurately an audit of financial statements, is the examination by an independent third party of the financial statements of a company There are also several medieval bridges on the Arga: Santa Engracia, Miluce, Magdalena, and San Pedro. The medieval palace of Saint Peter, which was alternatively used by Navarrese kings and Pamplonese bishops, was used during the early modern age as the Viceroy's palace and later was the seat of the military governor of Navarre; since the Civil War it was ruinous and it was recently rebuilt to be used as the General Archive of Navarre. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch.

The most outstanding Baroque civil architecture is from the eighteenth century: town hall, episcopal palace, Saint John the Baptist seminary, and the Rozalejo's, Ezpeleta's (today music school), Navarro-Tafalla's (local office of PNV), and Guenduláin's (projected hotel) mansions. The Basque Nationalist Party is the largest political party in the Basque Autonomous Community. The provincial government built its own Neoclassical palace, the so-called Palace of Navarre, during the nineteenth century.

Late nineteenth and early twentieth century Pamplonese architecture shows the tendencies that are fully developed in other more important Spanish cities: La Agrícola building (1912), several apartment buildings with some timid modernist ornamentation, etc. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting The most notable architect in twentieth century Pamplona was Víctor Eusa (1894-1979), whose designs were influenced by the European expressionism and other avant-garde movements. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar)

Parks

Pamplona has many parks and green areas. The oldest is the Taconera park, whose early designs are from the seventeenth century. Taconera is today a romantic park, with wide pedestrian paths, parterres, and sculptures. A parterre is a formal garden construction on a level surface consisting of planting beds edged in stone or tightly clipped hedging, and gravel paths arranged to form

The Media Luna park was built as part of the II Ensanche and is intended to allow relaxing strolling and sightseeing over the northern part of the town. After its demilitarization, the citadel (Ciudadela) and its surrounding area (Vuelta del Castillo) shifted into a park area with large lawns and modern sculptures.

The most remarkable parks of the new neighborhoods include the Yamaguchi park, between Iturrama and Ermitagaña, which includes a little Japanese garden; the campus of the University of Navarre; the Parque del Mundo in Chantrea; and the Arga park. that is Gardens in traditional Japanese style can be found at private homes in neighborhood or city parks and at historical Landmarks such as Buddhist The University of Navarra is a private Pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain.

Sports

CA Osasuna is the local soccer team. Club Atlético Osasuna, usually known as Osasuna, is a Spanish Primera División football club based in Pamplona in Navarre Their home stadium is called Estadio Reyno de Navarra, known as El Sadar until January, 2006. Estadio Reyno de Navarra ( formerly El Sadar) is a multi-use Stadium in Pamplona, main city of Navarre, Spain. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

Pamplona's bull ring was rebuilt in 1923. It seats 19,529, and is the third largest in the world, after the bull ring of Mexico and Madrid.

Other sports with some of the top clubs in Pamplona include handball (Portland San Antonio, Europe's championship winner 2001), futsal (MRA Xota) and water polo (Larraina). Handball (also known as team handball, European handball, or Olympic handball) is a Team sport in which two teams of seven players each (six History Trophies Liga ASOBAL Winners: 2001-02 2004-05 Runners-Up: 1997-98 1999-00 Futsal is an indoor version of Association football. Its name is derived from the Portuguese fut ebol de sal ão and the Spanish MRA Navarra Fútbol Sala is a Futsal club based in Pamplona, in the autonomous community of Navarre. Water polo is a team water sport A team consists of six field players and one Goalkeeper.

Pamplona's favourite son may well be Miguel Indurain, five time Tour de France winner. Miguel Ángel Indurain Larraya (born July 16, 1964, Villava, Navarre) is a retired Spanish Road racing cyclist. History See also:CategoryTour de France by year The dominant sports newspaper in France

Pamplona is also home to the headquarters of the Pelote Vasca International Federation (FIPV). Pelote Basque is principally practiced in France, Spain, and South America. Pilota Valenciana or Valencian pilota ( pilota means ball in Valencian) is a traditional handball Sport played in the Valencian

Sister cities

• - Bayonne, France (1980)
• - Yamaguchi, Japan (1980)
• - Paderborn, Germany (1992)
• - Pamplona, Colombia (1980)

References

• This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography by William Smith (1856). Bayonne ( French: Bayonne bajɔn Gascon Occitan and Basque: Baiona) is a city and commune of southwest This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. is the capital city of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan. It is the smallest prefectural capital in Japan For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Paderborn (paːdɐˈbɔʁn is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, capital of the Paderborn district. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Pamplona is a Municipality and city in Norte de Santander, Colombia. Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, first published in 1854, was the last of a series of classical dictionaries edited by the English scholar Sir William Smith (1813 &ndash 1893 English Lexicographer, was born at Enfield in 1813 of Nonconformist parents

External links

• Ayuntamiento de Pamplona. The University of Navarra is a private Pontifical university based at the southeast border of Pamplona, Spain.
• Article on Running of the Bulls Festival
• Best Photographers looking Pamplona
• The Running of the Bulls and Pamplona webcam
• Gallery of bull-running in Pamplona during Fiesta de San Fermin
• Camino de Santiago which passes through Pamplona
• Blog about Sanfermin Festival
• Running of the bulls & San fermin
• Encyclopaedia Britannica 1911: "Pamplona"

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