Palestinians
Demographics & geography
Definitions · Palestine People · Diaspora Territories · Refugee camps Geography of the Gaza Strip Geography of the West Bank Electoral Districts · Governorates · Cities in the West Bank & Gaza Strip Arab localities in Israel · Arab citizens of Israel· East Jerusalem ·
Politics
Hamas · PLO · PNC · PLC · PFLP PNA · PNA political parties Palestinian flag Politics of Palestine
Religion & religious sites
Christianity · Islam History of the Levant Houses of worship: Church of the Nativity · Church of the Holy Sepulchre · Church of the Annunciation · Rachel's Tomb Al-Aqsa Mosque · Dome of the Rock · Mosque of Omar Cave of the Patriarchs
Culture
Art · Costume & embroidery Cinema · Cuisine · Dance · Pottery Handicrafts · Language · Literature Music
Notable Palestinians
Hany Abu-Assad · Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Yasser Arafat · Hanan Ashrawi Mohammad Bakri · Rim Banna Tawfiq Canaan · Mahmoud Darwish Emile Habibi · Nathalie Handal Mohammed Amin al-Husseini Faisal Husseini Abd al-Qader al-Husseini Ghassan Kanafani · Ghada Karmi Leila Khaled · Rashid Khalidi Walid Khalidi · Samih al-Qasim Edward Said · Khalil al-Sakakini Elia Suleiman · Khalil al-Wazir Ahmed Yassin · May Ziade
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Palestinian cuisine (Arabic: المطبخ الفلسطيني‎) consists of foods from or commonly eaten by the Arabs of historical Palestine — which includes those living in the Palestinian territories, Israel, refugee camps in nearby countries as well as by Palestinians living abroad. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn The term Palestine and the related term Palestinian have several overlapping (and occasionally contradictory definitions Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Palestinian diaspora ( الشتات, al-shatat) is a term used to describe Palestinians living outside of historic Palestine - an area Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Palestinian Refugee camps were established after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War to accommodate Palestinian refugees who fled from the war The Gaza Strip is located in the Middle East (at 31 25 N 34 20 E and consists of around 360sq km The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west Geography of the Best Wank Location Middle East west of Jordan Geographic coordinates: Map references Middle East The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria The 16 Governorates of the West Bank and Gaza Strip are divided into 16 electoral Districts ( Aqdya, singular - Qadaa) After the signing of the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian territories were divided into three areas (Area A Area B and Area C and 16 Governorates under the jurisdiction List of cities (and towns in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The list of Arab localities in Israel includes all population centers with a 50% or higher Arab population in the State of Israel. East Jerusalem refers to the part of Jerusalem captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and subsequently by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. Ḥamas (ar حركة حماس acronym ar حركة المقاومة The Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO) (منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary The Palestinian National Council (PNC is the legislative body of the Palestine Liberation Organization and elects its Executive Committee which assumes leadership of the The Palestinian Legislative Council (sometimes referred to as the Palestinan Parliament) the Legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a Unicameral The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine ( PFLP) ( Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain Ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power usually The Palestinian flag ( علم فلسطين) was originally designed by Sharif Hussein for the Arab revolt against the Ottoman Empire in 1916 The Palestinian Christians are Palestinians who follow Christianity. Islam in Israel and Palestinian territories includes the Muslims of Israel, where they constitute 16% of the population those who comprise 75% of the population of Church_of_the_nativity_bethjpg|thumb|200px|View of The Church of the Nativity from Manger Square]]The Church of the Nativity ( كنيسة المهد) in Bethlehem The Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Sanctum Sepulchrum also called the Church of the Resurrection, ( Greek: Ναός της Αναστάσεως Naos tis Anastaseos This article refers to the basilica in Nazareth For information on the church associated with the Blagoveschenskaya Tower in Russia see Kremlin towers or Cathedral Rachel's Tomb ( Hebrew: קבר רחל Arabic: translit Qubbat Rakhil, trans Al-Aqsa Mosque ( Arabic:المسجد الاقصى /æl'mæsdʒɪd æl'ɑqsˁɑ/ {{Audio|ArAqsaMosque The Dome of the Rock ( Arabic: مسجد قبة الصخرة translit The Mosque of Omar (مسجد عمر is the oldest and only Mosque in the city of Bethlehem, located in Manger Square, near the Church of the The Cave of the Patriarchs ( Hebrew: מערת המכפלה Me'arat HaMachpela, Trans Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Palestinian art is a term used to refer to Paintings Posters Installation art and other visual media produced by Palestinian artists Palestinian costumes are the traditional Clothing worn by Palestinians. Palestinian cinema is relatively young in comparison to Arab cinema as a whole many Palestinian movies are made with European and Israeli funding and support Dabke ( Arabic: ar دبكة also transliterated as debke, dabka, and dabkeh) is the traditional Folk Palestinian pottery refers to Pottery produced in Palestine throughout the ages and pottery produced by modern-day Palestinians. Palestinian handicrafts are Handicrafts produced by Palestinian people. Palestinian Arabic is a Levantine Arabic dialect subgroup spoken by Palestinians and Arab Israelis. Palestinian literature refers to the Arabic language novels short stories and poems produced by Palestinians. Palestinian music ( موسيقى فلسطينية) is one of many regional sub-genres of Arabic music. The following is a list of prominent Palestinians. Academic figures Rami Abuhabsah, Biologist Nadia Hany Abu-Assad (born 11 October 1961 (هاني أبو أسعد is a Dutch - Palestinian film director Ibrahim Abu-Lughod (إبراهيم أبو لغد February 15, 1929 — May 23, 2001) was a Palestinian (later American Mohammed Abdel Rahman Abdel Raouf Arafat al-Qudwa al-Husseini ( Arabic: محمد عبد الرؤوف عرفات القدوة الحسيني (August 24 1929 – November 11 Hanan Daoud Khalil Ashrawi (b October 8 1946 is a Palestinian legislator human rights activist and scholar Mohammad Bakri ( 1953 -) (محمد بكري מוחמד בכרי also spelled Mohammed or Muhammad) is an Arab actor and director with Israeli Rim Banna is a Palestinian singer Composer and Arranger that is well-known for her modern interpretations of traditional folk songs Tawfiq Canaan (24 September 1882 – 15 January 1964 was a Physician and pioneer in the field of Medicine in Palestine, also well-known for being one of Mahmoud Darwish ( 13 March 1941 &ndash 9 August 2008) was a respected Palestinian poet and author who won numerous awards for Imil (Emile Shukri Habibi (إميل حبيبي אמיל חביבי 21 January 1922 – 2 May 1996) was a Palestinian - Nathalie Handal (نتالي حنظل born July 29, 1969) is a Poet, Writer, Playwright and literary researcher of Middle Mohammad Amin al-Husayni (محمد أمين الحسيني properly transliterated al-Husseini, 1895 / 1897 - July 4, 1974) a member Faisal Abdel Qader Al-Husseini (فيصل عبدالقادر الحسيني ( July 17, 1940 – May 31, 2001) was a Palestinian politician Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni (عبد القادر الحسيني also spelled Abd al-Qader al-Husseini) (1907-1948 was a Palestinian nationalist and fighter who Ghassan Kanafani (غسان كنفاني April 9, 1936 in Akka, Palestine – July 8, 1972 in Beirut, Lebanon Ghada Karmi (غادة كرمي) (1939- is a Palestinian doctor of medicine author and academic Leila Khaled (ليلى خالد laylà ẖālid; born April 9, 1944) is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP Rashid Khalidi (born 1950 an American historian of the Middle East, is the Edward Said Professor of Arab Studies at Columbia University, and director Walid Khalidi (وليد خالدي born in 1925 in Jerusalem) is an Oxford University educated Palestinian historian who has written extensively on the Samih al-Qasim ( سميح القاسم; b 1939 is a Palestinian Druze poet and citizen of Israel whose Arabic poetry is well-known Edward Wadie Saïd MRSL ( إدوارد وديع سعيد,; 1 November 1935 &ndash 25 September Khalil al-Sakakini ( خليل السكاكيني; January 23, 1878 - August 13, 1953) was a Palestinian Christian, Elia Suleiman (إيليا سليمان born July 28, 1960 in Nazareth) is a Palestinian-Israeli film director and Actor Khalil Ibrahim al-Wazir ( خليل الوزير) also known by his kunya " Abu Jihad " (Arabic أبو جهاد — Sheikh Ahmed Ismail Yassin (1937 – March 22 2004 ( Arabic: ar الشيخ أحمد ياسين was the co-founder with Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, of Hamas May Ziade (née Marie, with Ziade also written Ziadé or Ziadeh) ( مي زيادة) ( February 11 1886. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called Arab citizens of Israel refers to Arabs or Arabic -speaking people who are Citizens of Israel who are not Jewish. Palestinian Refugee camps were established after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War to accommodate Palestinian refugees who fled from the war Palestinian diaspora ( الشتات, al-shatat) is a term used to describe Palestinians living outside of historic Palestine - an area The cuisine is a diffusion of the cultures of civilizations that settled in Palestine, particularly during and after the Islamic era beginning with the Arab Ummayad conquest, then the eventual Persian-influenced Abbasids and ending with the coming of the Ottoman Turks. A caliphate (from the Arabic خلافة or khilāfa) is the political leadership of the Muslim community in classical and medieval Islamic history The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Iranian people are a collection of Ethnic groups defined along linguistic lines as speaking Iranian languages. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Turkish people (Türk Halkı also known as " Turks " ( Türkler) are defined mainly as being speakers of Turkish as a First language It is similar to other Levantine cuisines, including Lebanese, Syrian, and Jordanian. Levantine cuisine is the traditional Cuisine of Ottoman Syria, now usually called the Levant. Lebanese Cuisine,( Arabic, المأكولات اللبنانية) Lebanese and Levant cuisine in general is regarded as one of the world's healthiest cuisines The term Syrian cuisine refers to the style or method of cooking in Syria. Arab cuisine is defined as the various regional cuisines spanning the Arab World from Iraq to Morocco to Somalia to Yemen, and incorporating

Palestinians eat several times during the day, with lunch being the largest meal. Palestinian people or Palestinians ( الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha`b al-filasTīni; الفلسطينيون, al-filasTīnīyyūn Cooking styles vary by region and each type of cooking style and the ingredients used are generally based on the climate and location of the particular region and on traditions. Rice and variations of kibbee are common in the Galilee, the West Bank engages primarily in heavier meals involving the use of taboon bread, rice and meat and Gaza's inhabitants frequent fish, seafood, chili peppers and lentils. Kibbeh or kibbe (also kubbeh) ( Arabic كبة 'kibbeh or 'kubbah is a family of Levantine dishes made of Burghul, chopped "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Taboon bread (also known as lafa or laffah) ( خبز طابون bread of the taboon, לאפה: la-fah) is a type of Flatbread The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds Meals are usually eaten in the household but, dining out has become prominent particularly, during parties where light meals like salads, bread dips and skewered meats are served.

The area is also home to many desserts, ranging from those made daily or regularly and those that are commonly reserved for the holidays. Most Palestinian sweets are pastries filled with either sweetened cheeses, dates or various nuts such as almonds, walnuts or pistachios. The pistachio ( Pistacia vera L Anacardiaceae or sometimes Pistaciaceae) is a small Tree native to mountainous regions of Beverages could also depend on holidays such as during Ramadan, where carob, tamarind and apricot juices are consumed at daybreak. Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic The Carob tree (from Arabic: خروب "kharūb" and Hebrew: חרוב Charuv) Ceratonia siliqua, is a Leguminous This article refers to the tree For other uses see Tamarindo (disambiguation. The Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin syn Coffee is consumed throughout the day and liquor is not very prevalent amongst the population, however, some alcoholic beverages such as arak or beer are frequented by Christians and less conservative Muslims. The Palestinian Christians are Palestinians who follow Christianity. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion

Contents 1 History 2 Regional cuisines 2.1 Galilee 2.2 West Bank 2.3 Gaza 3 Types of meals 3.1 Bread meals 3.2 Mahashi 3.3 Dips and side dishes 3.4 Salads 3.5 Sweets 3.6 Snack foods 4 Meal structure 5 Dining out 6 Beverages 6.1 Coffee and tea 7 Holiday cuisine 7.1 Ramadan 7.2 Holiday sweets 8 See also 9 References 10 External links 11 Further reading

History

The region that has become Palestine has a varied past and as such, its cuisine has contributions from various cultures. After Palestine was conquered by the Muslims, it became part or province of a Greater Syria under the name Jund Filastin. Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Greater Syria (سوريّة الكبرى also known (in a historic context simply as Syria, is a term that denotes a historic region in the Middle East bordering Jund Filastin ( جند فلسطين, "the military district of Palestine" was one of four sub-provinces of the Ummayad and Abbasid Caliphate Therefore, many aspects of Palestinian cuisine are similar to the cuisine of Syria — especially in the Galilee. The term Syrian cuisine refers to the style or method of cooking in Syria. "Galil" redirects here For the weapon see IMI Galil. Galilee (הגליל ha-Galil, lit the province, Modern Syrian-Palestinian dishes have been generally influenced by the rule of three major Islamic groups: the Arabs, the Persian-influenced Arabs and the Turks. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches ^[1]

The Arabs that conquered Syria and Palestine had simple culinary traditions primarily based on the use of rice, lamb and yogurt, as well as dates. ^[2] The already simple cuisine did not advance for centuries due to Islam's strict rules of parsimony and restraint until the coming of the Abbasid Caliphate that established Baghdad as its capital. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous Baghdad was historically located on Persian soil and henceforth, Persian culture was integrated into Arab culture during the 800-1000s as ideas spread throughout central areas of the Abbasid empire. ^[1]

The cuisine of the Ottoman Empire — which incorporated Palestine as one of its provinces in 1512-14 — was partially made up of what had become, by then a "rich" Arab cuisine. The American Colony was a colony established in Jerusalem in 1881 by members of a Christian utopian society led by Anna and Horatio Spafford The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish After the Crimean War, in 1855, many other communities including Bosnians, Greeks, French and Italians began settling in the area especially in urban centers such as Jerusalem, Jaffa and Bethlehem. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought Bosnian cuisine uses many Spices but usually in very small quantities The Greek cuisine ( Greek: Ελληνική Κουζίνα is Greece's traditional Cuisine, a typical Mediterranean cuisine Contemporary French cuisine is a style of cooking derived from the nation of France. Italian cuisine as a national Cuisine known today has evolved through centuries of social and political changes with its roots traced back to 4th century BC Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the Jaffa يَافَا;(יָפוֹ Yafo; also Japho, Joppa) is an ancient Port city believed to be one of the oldest in the world Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a These communities' cuisines contributed to the character of Palestinian cuisine, especially communities from the Balkans. ^[3][1] Until around the 1950s-60s, the main ingredients for rural Palestinians was olive oil, oregano and bread baked in a simple oven called a taboon. ^[4] G. Robinson Lees, writing in 1905, observed that "The oven is not in the house, it has a building of its own, the joint property of several families whose duty is to keep it always hot. "^[5]

Regional cuisines

See also List of Palestinian dishes by region

There are three primary culinary regions in historical Palestine - the Galilee, Gaza and the West Bank (which has its own culinary subregions ranging from north to south). The following is a list of Palestinian dishes. For the cuisine see Palestinian cuisine. Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria ^[6] In the Galilee, bulgur and meat (beef or lamb) are primary ingredients that are often combined to form several variations of dishes ranging from a family-sized meal to a side dish. However, in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, the populations have a cooking style of their own. In the West Bank, meals are particularly heavy and contrast from the foods of the northern Levant. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the Main dishes involve rice, flatbreads and roasted meats. A flatbread is a simple Bread made from flattened Dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened&mdashmade without Yeast or Sourdough culture The staple food of the inhabitants in the Gaza Strip is fish due to its location on the Mediterranean seacoast. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west Their culinary influences are also strongly affected by traditional Egyptian cooking and chili peppers, dill seeds and garlic the most common seasonings. Egyptian cuisine consists of the local culinary traditions of Egypt. The chili pepper, chilli pepper, or chili, is the fruit of the plants from the Genus Capsicum, which are members of the nightshade Dill ( Anethum graveolens) is a short-lived perennial herb. It is the sole species of the genus Anethum, though classified by some botanists Although the cuisine is diverse, generally Palestinians are not restricted to the foods of their specific region and there is constant culinary diffusion amongst them. Although, because of Gaza's isolation from other Palestinian and Levantine Arab areas, their cooking styles are less known in the region. See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the

Galilee

The Galilee is highly influenced by Lebanese cuisine, due to extensive communication between the two regions before the establishment of Israel. Kibbeh or kibbe (also kubbeh) ( Arabic كبة 'kibbeh or 'kubbah is a family of Levantine dishes made of Burghul, chopped Lebanese Cuisine,( Arabic, المأكولات اللبنانية) Lebanese and Levant cuisine in general is regarded as one of the world's healthiest cuisines The Galilee specializes in a number of meals based on the combination of bulgur, spices and meat, known as kibbee by Arabs. Bulgur (also bulghur or burghul)(from Turkish bulgur, known as πλιγούρι, pligoúri, in Greek and Kibbee bi-siniyee is a combination of minced lamb or beef mixed with pepper, allspice and other spices wrapped in a bulgur crust, then baked. Kibee bi-siniyee could serve as the main dish during a Palestinian lunch. Kibbee neyee is a variation of kibee directly imported from Lebanon, that is served as raw meat mixed with bulgur and a variety of spices. Kibbe nayyeh (also kibbee, kubba, Arabic كبة نية or كبة نيئة) is a common Mezze meal in Lebanon It is mostly eaten as a side dish and pita or markook bread is used for scooping the meat. Markook (also Markouk, Arabic كماج، مرقوق، شراك) is a type of Flatbread common in the countries of the Levant. Its leftovers are usually cooked as a different meal the next day, such as fried kibbee balls. Kibbeh or kibbe (also kubbeh) ( Arabic كبة 'kibbeh or 'kubbah is a family of Levantine dishes made of Burghul, chopped ^[3][7]

A specific rice meal is common in the Galilee and consists of a mixture of rice with chopped lamb and pine nuts flavored with an assortment of spices, accompanied by a lamb leg or whole chickens. In addition, a variety of dishes made up of meatballs and potatoes are eaten during special occasions. ^[3] Shish kebab or lahme mashwi and shish taouk are grilled meats on skewers and are commonly eaten after an array of appetizers known as the mezze. Kebab (also transliterated as kabab, kabob, kibob, kebhav, kephav) refers to a variety of meat dishes in Middle Eastern Shish taouk (Tavuk şiş (kebabı is a traditional Turkish shish Kebab which can also be found in Syrian and Lebanese cuisines Meze or mezze ( Arabic, مَزة, Greek mezé (μεζέ Bulgarian: мезé / mezé, Turkish ^[7] Ackawi, a semi-hard cheese common throughout the Middle East and among the Arab diaspora originated in the city of Acre along the Galilee's coast. Ackawi cheese ( is a white Cow 's milk Cheese, native to Palestine. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Arab diaspora refers to the numbers of Arab immigrants, and their descendants who voluntarily or as Refugees emigrated from their native countries Acre is pronounced Acka, from which the cheese receives its name. ^[8]

West Bank

Musakhan is a common main dish that originated in the Jenin and Tulkarm area in the northern West Bank. Musakhan ( مسخّن is Palestinian national dish It is composed of roasted chicken baked with onions Sumac, allspice Saffron, and fried Musakhan ( مسخّن is Palestinian national dish It is composed of roasted chicken baked with onions Sumac, allspice Saffron, and fried Jenin ( Arabic:; ג'נין a city in the West Bank 's Jenin Governorate, is a major Palestinian agricultural center Tulkarm or Tulkarem ( طولكرم Ṭūlkarm; טול כרם) is a Palestinian city in the Tulkarm Governorate in the It consists of a roasted chicken over a taboon bread that has been topped with pieces of fried sweet onions, sumac, allspice and pine nuts. Taboon bread (also known as lafa or laffah) ( خبز طابون bread of the taboon, לאפה: la-fah) is a type of Flatbread Sumac (ˈʃuːmæk or /ˈs(juːmæk/ also spelled sumach) is any one of approximately 250 species of Flowering plants in the Genus Rhus Allspice, also called Jamaica pepper,"Kurundu" Myrtle pepper, pimento, or newspice, is a Spice which is the dried unripe Pine nuts are the edible Seeds of Pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus) ^[7] Maqluba is an upside-down rice and baked eggplant casserole mixed with cooked cauliflowers, carrots and chicken or lamb. Maqluba often pronounced as Maalouba or Maglouba( Arabic: ar مقلوبة is an upside-down Rice and Eggplant Casserole, hence the name which A casserole, from the French for "saucepan" is a large deep pot or dish used both in the Oven and as a serving dish Cauliflower is one of several vegetables in the species Brassica oleracea, in the family Brassicaceae. The meal is known throughout the Levant but among Palestinians especially. It dates back to the 13th century. ^[9]

Mansaf is a traditional meal in the central West Bank and Naqab region in the southern West Bank, having its roots from the Bedouin population of Jordan. Mansaf ( Arabic, منسف) is a dish originating from the Bedouin tribes of ancient Palestine (modern day Israel West Bank Gaza and Jordan Mansaf ( Arabic, منسف) is a dish originating from the Bedouin tribes of ancient Palestine (modern day Israel West Bank Gaza and Jordan The Negev (נֶגֶב Tiberian vocalization: Néḡeḇ) is the Desert region of southern Israel. The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern It is mostly cooked on occasions such as, during holidays, weddings or a large gathering. Mansaf is cooked as a lamb leg or large pieces of lamb on top of a taboon bread that has usually been smothered with yellow rice. A type of thick and dried cheesecloth yogurt from goat's milk, called jameed, is poured on top of the lamb and rice to give it its distinct flavor and taste. Jameed ( Arabic: جميد) is hard dry laban made from Goats milk ^[10] The dish is also garnished with cooked pine nuts and almonds. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L ^[3] The classic form of eating mansaf is using the right hand as a utensil. For politeness, participants in the feast tear pieces of meat to hand to the person next to them. ^[10]

In addition to meals, the West Bank's many subregions have their own fruit-based jams. Maqluba often pronounced as Maalouba or Maglouba( Arabic: ar مقلوبة is an upside-down Rice and Eggplant Casserole, hence the name which Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of Domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget In the Hebron area, the primary crops are grapes. Families living in the area harvest the grapes in the spring and summer to produce a variety of products ranging from raisins, jams and a molasses known as dibs. ^[7][11] The Bethlehem area, Beit Jala in particular, and the village of Jifna are known regionally for their apricots and apricot jam as is the Tulkarm area for its olives and olive oil. Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a Beit Jala ( Arabic: (lit Aramaic 'grass carpet' is a Arab Christian town in the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank. Jifna (جفنا is a Palestinian village in the Ramallah and al-Bireh Governorate in the central West Bank, located eight kilometers (5 mi Tulkarm or Tulkarem ( طولكرم Ṭūlkarm; טול כרם) is a Palestinian city in the Tulkarm Governorate in the ^[7]

Gaza

The cuisine of the Gaza Strip is influenced by both neighboring Egypt and its location on the Mediterranean coast. The Gaza Strip (قطاع غزة, רצועת עזה Retzu'at 'Azza) is a coastal strip of land along the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Egypt on the south-west This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. The staple food for the majority of the inhabitants in the area is fish. Gaza has a major fishing industry and fish is often served either grilled or fried after being stuffed with cilantro, garlic, red peppers and cumin and marinated in a mix of coriander, red peppers, cumin, and chopped lemons. Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum) also commonly called cilantro, is an annual Herb in the family Apiaceae. Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum) also commonly called cilantro, is an annual Herb in the family Apiaceae. ^[12][13] Besides fish, as well as other types of seafood, Gazan cooking styles are affected by Egyptian culinary influences. Egyptian cuisine consists of the local culinary traditions of Egypt. This generally includes using hot peppers, garlic and chard to flavor many of their meals. Chard ( Beta vulgaris var cicla) also known as Swiss Chard, Silverbeet, Perpetual Spinach, Crab Beet and Mangold ^[7] Zibdieh, is a clay pot dish that consists of shrimp baked in a stew of olive oil, garlic, hot peppers, and peeled tomatoes. ^[14] Crabs are cooked and then stuffed with a red hot pepper paste called shatta. ^[12]

A dish native to the Gaza area is Sumaghiyyeh. Sumaghiyyeh ( is a Gazan dish traditionally made on the Muslim Eid al-Fitr holiday but is popular amongst Gaza’s inhabitants throughout the year The meal consists of water-soaked ground sumac mixed with tahina. Sumac (ˈʃuːmæk or /ˈs(juːmæk/ also spelled sumach) is any one of approximately 250 species of Flowering plants in the Genus Rhus Tahini, or sesame paste, is a paste of ground Sesame seeds used in cooking The mixture is added to sliced chard and pieces of stewed beef and garbanzo beans and then additionally flavored with dill seeds, garlic and hot peppers. It is often eaten cool with khubz. Rummaniyya depends on the particular time of the year and it is made up of unripened pomegranate seeds, eggplant, tahina, garlic, hot peppers and lentils. The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall Fukharit adas is a slow-cooked lentil stew flavored with red pepper flakes, crushed dill seeds, garlic, and cumin, traditionally made during winter and early spring. ^[12]

Qidra is a rice dish named after the large clay vessel and clay oven that is used baked it. In the oven, the rice is cooked with pieces of meat, often lamb, whole garlic cloves, garbanzo beans, cardamom pods, and various other spices such as, turmeric — which gives it a yellow color — cinnamon, allspice, nutmeg and cumin. The name cardamom (or cardamon is used for herbs within two genera of the Ginger family Zingiberaceae, namely Elettaria and Amomum Turmeric ( Curcuma longa) is a Rhizomatous Herbaceous Perennial plant of the Ginger family Zingiberaceae Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 Plain rice cooked in meat or chicken broth and flavored with mild spices including cinnamon is known as fatteh ghazzawiyyeh. Fatta (فتة (meaning "crumbs" in Arabic) is an Arab dish that uses pieces of stale toasted or fresh Flatbread as a foundation upon which The rice is layered over a thin markook bread known as farasheeh, smothered in ghee (an Egyptian variation of butter) and topped with stuffed chicken or lamb. Ghee ( Hindi घी ghī, Urdu گھی ghī, Punjabi ਘਿਉ/گھیو ghiu, Kashmiri ग्याव/گیاو The meal is eaten with green peppers and lemon sauce. ^[12]

Types of meals

Bread meals

See also List of Palestinian breads

Palestinians bake a variety of different kinds of breads: they include khubz, pita and markook and taboon. The following is a list of Palestinian dishes. For the cuisine see Palestinian cuisine. Sfiha (صفيحة also lahm bi-`ajĩn (لحم بعجين "meat with dough" ( Lahmacun in Turkish) and ' Arab pizza', are Khubz (Ar خبز) is an Arabic Flatbread, which is part of the local diet in many countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Khubz is an everyday bread and is very similar to pita. It often takes the place of utensils; It is torn into bite size pieces and used to scoop various dips such as hummus or ful. ^[7] Markook bread is a paper-thin unleavened bread and when unfolded it is almost transparent. A flatbread is a simple Bread made from flattened Dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened&mdashmade without Yeast or Sourdough culture ^[15] Taboon receives its name from the ovens used to bake them. ^[7]

There are several types of sandwich and pizza-like foods eaten by the Palestinians, including manaeesh, sfiha, fatayer and shawarma. Markook (also Markouk, Arabic كماج، مرقوق، شراك) is a type of Flatbread common in the countries of the Levant. Bethlehem ( بيت لحم,, lit "House of Meat" Βηθλεέμ Bethleém בית לחם Beit Lehem, lit "House of Bread" is a Manakish or Manaeesh ( Arabic: مناقيش sometimes called معجنات ma-ujna'at "pastry" is a Levantine food consisting of dough topped Sfiha (صفيحة also lahm bi-`ajĩn (لحم بعجين "meat with dough" ( Lahmacun in Turkish) and ' Arab pizza', are Shawarma (شاورما or שווארמה also spelled Chawarma, Schawarma, Shwarma, Shuarma, Shawerma, Shoarma, Manaeesh is a baked flat bread, usually topped with za'atar and olive oil. ^[7] simboseh and fatayer are baked or sometimes fried doughs stuffed with minced meat and cooked onions or snobar (pine nuts). Sambusac, also known as simbusak or samboussa, is a small fried or baked pasty which may be either half-moon shaped or triangular ^[7] Fatayer is usually folded into triangles and unlike simboseh, it could be filled with spinach or za'atar.

Sfiha is a baked miniature flatbread, topped with lamb and cooked red peppers or tomatoes. A flatbread is a simple Bread made from flattened Dough. Many flatbreads are unleavened&mdashmade without Yeast or Sourdough culture Shawarma is mostly served in a long folded roll of khubz wrapped around shaved lamb or chicken accompanied by pickled turnips and cucumbers, tomatoes, onions and tahina. Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of Domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget ^[7] Shawarma could also be served as lamb slices on a plate with tahina as a side dish. ^[16] Falafel are fried peppered fava beans or sometimes hummus, parsley and onions fried together into small patties. Falafel (فلافل; פלאפל also known in Egypt and Sudan as ta'meya Arabic طعمية is a fried ball or patty made from Spiced Fava They're usually served and eaten wrapped in khubz. ^[7]

Mahashi

Mahashi dishes are composed of stuffed vegetables such as, eggplants, baby pumpkins, potatoes, carrots and marrows as well as a variety of leaf vegetables, primarily grape leaves, cabbage leaves and less often chard. Dolma ( Greek:ντολμάς is a family of stuffed vegetable dishes in the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire and surrounding regions including Turkey Mahashi requires delicacy and time — the main reason it is prepared before the day it is cooked and served. Many female family members participate in the rolling and stuffing of the vegetables, relaxing the amount of individual effort required. ^[17]

Waraq al-'ainib (grape leaves; known as dolma in Western and Balkan countries), is a mahashi meal reserved for large gatherings. Dolma ( Greek:ντολμάς is a family of stuffed vegetable dishes in the cuisines of the former Ottoman Empire and surrounding regions including Turkey It is grape leaves normally wrapped around minced meat, white rice and diced tomatoes, however meat is not always used. It is then cooked and served as dozens of rolls on a large plate usually accompanied by boiled potato slices, carrots and lamb pieces. Kousa mahshi are zucchinis stuffed with the same ingredients as waraq al-'ainib and usually served alongside it heavy meals. Kousa Mahshi ( or Stuffed Marrows is squash or Zucchini stuffed with rice and meat If made with a large number of zucchinis it is known as waraq al-'ainib wa kousa. ^[7]

Dips and side dishes

See also List of Palestinian dips and List of Palestinian cheeses

Bread dips and side dishes such as, hummus, baba ghanoush, mutabbel and labeneh are frequented during breakfast and dinner. The following is a list of Palestinian dishes. For the cuisine see Palestinian cuisine. The following is a list of Palestinian dishes. For the cuisine see Palestinian cuisine. For the biological matter in soil see Humus; for the band see Humus (band. Paprika is a spice made from the grinding of dried sweet red or green Bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum) Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Pine nuts are the edible Seeds of Pines (family Pinaceae, genus Pinus) For the biological matter in soil see Humus; for the band see Humus (band. Baba ghanoush ( Arabic بابا غنوج bābā ġanūj) is a popular Levantine dish of Eggplant (aubergine mashed and mixed with various Strained yoghurt, yoghurt cheese, labneh / labaneh ( Arabic لبنة) or Greek yoghurt is Yoghurt which has Chick peas are commonly served as hummus bi tahini, boiled and ground beans mixed with tahini (sesame paste) and sometimes lemon juice. For the biological matter in soil see Humus; for the band see Humus (band. Tahini, or sesame paste, is a paste of ground Sesame seeds used in cooking The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants ^[18] It is often is slathered in olive oil and sometimes sprinkled with paprika, oregano and pine nuts; the latter are especially popular in the West Bank. Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees Paprika is a spice made from the grinding of dried sweet red or green Bell peppers ( Capsicum annuum) Oregano or ( Origanum vulgare) is a species of Origanum, native to Europe, the Mediterranean region and southern and central Asia ^[19] The town of Abu Ghosh west of Jerusalem, is a popular hummus destination for Israelis and tourists. Abu Ghosh (أبو غوش אבו גוש is an Israeli Arab town located 10 kilometers west of Jerusalem on the Tel Aviv-Jerusalem highway, 610-720 Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. ^[20] Chick peas are also be mixed, boiled or cooked with ful (fava beans), resulting in a entirely different dish, mukhluta, with a distinct flavor and brownish color. Vicia faba, the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, horse bean, field bean, tic bean is a species of ^[7]

Baba ghanoush is an eggplant or aubergine salad or dip with several variants. Eggplant salads and appetizers are the Salads and Appetizers made primarily of Eggplants ( Aubergines) The root of all the variants is broiled and mashed eggplant and tahini lathered with olive oil, which can then be flavored with either garlic, onions, peppers, ground cumin seeds, mint and parsley. Mentha ( mint) is a Genus of about 25 Species (and many hundreds of varieties) of Flowering plants in the family ^[21] Mutabbel is one of the spicier variants that receives its zest from green chili peppers. ^[22]

Jibneh Arabieh or jibneh baida is a white table cheese served with any of the above dishes. Jibneh Arabieh ( is a simple Cheese found all over the Middle East. ^[7] Ackawi cheese is a common variation of jibneh baida. Ackawi cheese has a smoother texture and a mild salty taste. ^[23] Labaneh is a pasty yogurt-like cream cheese either served on a plate with olive oil and za'atar - which is generally called labeneh wa za'atar - or in a khubz sandwich. Za'atar (زعتر also spelled satar, zahatar or zatr) is a mixture of herbs and Spices used as a Condiment with ^[7]

Salads

See also List of Palestinian salads

A Mediterranean-style table salad made in the Levant is tabbouleh. The following is a list of Palestinian dishes. For the cuisine see Palestinian cuisine. Tabbouleh (تبولة also tabouleh or tabouli) is a Levantine Arab dish often used as part of a Mezze. Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) is a Temperate annual or Biennial plant of the daisy family Asteraceae. The lemon ( Citrus × limon) is a hybrid in cultivated wild plants See also Names of the Levant The Levant (lə'vænt is a geographical term that denotes a large area in Western Asia, roughly bounded on the north by the The salad is made from parsley pieces, bulgur, diced tomatoes, cucumbers and is sautéed with lemon juice and vinegar. Bulgur (also bulghur or burghul)(from Turkish bulgur, known as πλιγούρι, pligoúri, in Greek and The cucumber ( Cucumis sativus) is a widely cultivated plant in the Gourd family Cucurbitaceae, which includes squash, and in the same Vinegar is an acidic liquid processed from the Fermentation of Ethanol in a process that yields its key ingredient Acetic acid (also called ethanoic acid In 2006, the largest bowl of tabbouleh in the world was prepared by Palestinian cooks in the West Bank city of Ramallah. The West Bank (الضفة الغربية, הגדה המערבית Hagadah Hamaaravit) also referred to in Israel as " Judea and Samaria Ramallah ( Arabic:) (lit "Height of God" is a Palestinian city in the central West Bank adjacent to Al-Bireh with a population 118000 ^[24] Fattoush is a combination of khubz pieces and parsley with chopped cucumbers, radishes, tomatoes and scallions and flavored by sumac. Fattoush ( Arabic: فتوش) is a Levantine salad made from several garden Vegetables and toasted or fried pieces of Pita bread ^[25] Dagga is a Gazan salad usually made in a clay bowl and is a mix of crushed tomatoes, garlic cloves, red hot peppers, chopped dill and olive oil. Its seasoned with lemon juice immediately before being served. ^[12]

Sweets

Palestinian desserts include baklawa, halawa and kanafeh, as well as other semolina and wheat pastries. Kanafeh (Arabic كنافة) kadayıf ( Turkish) kadaif (Albanian kataifi, kadaifi (Greek κα(νταΐφι is a Baklava is a rich sweet Pastry featured in many Cuisines of the former Ottoman, Arab, and Iranian countries Types Most types of halva are relatively dense confections that are sweetened with Sugar or Honey. Kanafeh (Arabic كنافة) kadayıf ( Turkish) kadaif (Albanian kataifi, kadaifi (Greek κα(νταΐφι is a Baklawa is a pastry made of thin sheets of unleavened flour dough, filled with pistachios and walnuts sweetened by honey. The pistachio ( Pistacia vera L Anacardiaceae or sometimes Pistaciaceae) is a small Tree native to mountainous regions of ^[7] Halawa is a block confection of sweetened sesame flour served in sliced pieces. Muhalabiyeh is a rice pudding made with milk and topped with pistachios or almonds. The pistachio ( Pistacia vera L Anacardiaceae or sometimes Pistaciaceae) is a small Tree native to mountainous regions of ^[7]

Kanafeh, a well-known dessert in the Arab World and Turkey, originated in the city of Nablus in the northern West Bank in the early 1400s. Kanafeh (Arabic كنافة) kadayıf ( Turkish) kadaif (Albanian kataifi, kadaifi (Greek κα(νταΐφι is a Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Nablus ( sometimes Nābulus; Arabic:; næːblʊs is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem Made of several fine shreds of pastry noodles with honey-sweetened cheese in the center, the top layer of the pastry is usually dyed orange with food coloring and sprinkled with crushed pistachios. Nablus, to the present day is famed for its kanafeh, partly due to its use of a white-brined cheese called Nabulsi after the city. Nablus ( sometimes Nābulus; Arabic:; næːblʊs is a Palestinian city in the northern West Bank, approximately north of Jerusalem Nabulsi (or naboulsi) cheese is one of the traditional Middle Eastern white brined Cheese, particularly in the Palestinian Territories, Boiled sugar is used as a syrup for kanafeh. ^[7]

Snack foods

It is common for Palestinian hosts to serve fresh and dried fruits, nuts, seeds and dates to their guests. The Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible Fruit. Roasted and salted watermelon, squash and sunflower seeds as well as, pistachios and cashews are common legumes. The sunflower seed is the Fruit of the Sunflower ( Helianthus annuus) The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A Watermelon seeds, known as bizir al-bateekh are eaten regularly during various leisurely activities: playing cards, smoking nargila, conversing with friends or before and after meals. A hookah (हुक़्क़ा حقّہ hukkah) is a single or multi-stemmed (often glass-based water pipe for Smoking. ^[13]

Meal structure

Palestinian culture and life revolves around food in every aspect, whether it is an ordinary day or a special occasion such as a wedding or holiday. ^[26] Meals are structured in a cyclical order by Palestinians and span into two main courses and several intermediate ones like coffee, fruits and sweets as well as dinner. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Like in most Arab cultures, meals are a time to spend with family and could last 1-2 hours depending on the specific time of the day. Literature See also Arabic literature Arabic literature is the writing produced both Prose and Poetry, by speakers of the Unlike other cultures, lunch is the primary course and breakfast and dinner are lighter in contents. ^[23]

• Iftur (lit. 'break-fast') is a term for breakfast, usually consists of fried eggs, olives, labaneh, olive oil or jams. The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern Hummus bi-tahini is also eaten primarily during this time the day. ^[23]

• Gheda is a term for lunch, usually late in the afternoon. Lunch is the heaviest meal of the day and main ingredients could include rice, lamb, chicken, cooked vegetables and forms of mahashi. ^[7][23]

• Asrooneh Derives from the word 'Aasr (lit. 'afternoon') is a term for the consumption of a variety of fruits and legumes after gheda. ^[23]

• 'Asha is a term for dinner, usually eaten anytime from 8-10 pm. 'Asha is simpler than gheda and some foods consumed include fatayer, hummus bi-tahini, a variety of salads and a Levantine-style omelette called ijee. ^[23]

• 'Hilew Sometimes after or just before 'asha as well as when hosting guests come various sweets. Baklawa is common and is usually purchased from pastry shops instead of made at home like muhallabiyeh.

• Shay wa Kahwe Tea and coffee are served in throughout the day in before, after and between iftur, gheda and 'asha.

Dining out

• Mata'im — Offer a brilliant array of cold appetizers known as the mezze. Jerusalem (יְרוּשָׁלַיִם, he-Latn Yerushaláyim; Arabic: ar القُدس, ar-Latn al-Quds) is the The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Palestine is a name which has been widely used since Roman times to refer to the region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Notably, hummus bi-tahini, mukhluta, sometimes nearly a dozen variations of aubergine salad, tabbouleh, fattoush, chili pepper and red cabbage salads and dishes made up by the chef are served. Kibbee balls and sfiha are the primary hot appetizers available. Heavy meals are rarely provided by restaurants, instead however, the entrées include shish kebab, shish taouk, rack of lamb and chicken breasts. ^[27]
• al-Maqhah — Serve hot beverages and soft drinks and are usually restricted to male customers — who take part in leisurely activities like playing cards or backgammon and smoking nargileh. A coffeehouse ( French / Portuguese: café; Spanish: cafetería; Italian: caffè ^[27]
• Mahal 'hilewayet — Found in the souks of cities and major towns, they offer a wide range of sweets common with Palestinians, such as, kanafeh, baklawa and anise-flavored cookies. Family-run shops often serve at least one type of sweet that they themselves created. ^[28]
• Mahal falafel^[29] — Sandwich shops that offer mainly falafel and shawarma with several different contents. ^[30]

Beverages

See also List of Palestinian beverages

Homemade fruit juices are also a common household drink during warm days and during Ramadan, the holy month for fasting by Muslims. The following is a list of Palestinian dishes. For the cuisine see Palestinian cuisine. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom Arak or araq ( Arabic: عرق ʕaraq oghi in Armenian is a clear colourless unsweetened Aniseed flavoured distilled alcoholic Ramadan or Ramazan ( Arabic: رمضان Ramaḍān) is a Muslim religious observance that takes place during the ninth month of the Islamic A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion ^[7] A warm drink made from sweetened milk with salep garnished with walnuts, coconut flakes and cinnamon, is known as sahlab and is primarily served during the winter season. Salep (salep - sahlep from سحلب saḥlab referring to both orchid as well as the salep drink ^[31]

A widely consumed liquor by Palestinian Christians and many less-stringently observant Muslims is Arak. The Palestinian Christians are Palestinians who follow Christianity. Arak or araq ( Arabic: عرق ʕaraq oghi in Armenian is a clear colourless unsweetened Aniseed flavoured distilled alcoholic Arak is a clear anise flavored alcoholic drink that is mixed with water to soften it and give it a creamy white color. '''Anise''' or Aniseed, less commonly anís (stressed on the second syllable ( Pimpinella anisum) is a Flowering plant in the family Apiaceae It is consumed during special occasions such as holidays, weddings, and gatherings or with the mezze. ^[7] Beer is also a consumed drink and the Palestinian town of Taybeh in the central West Bank contains the only beer brewery in the Palestinian territories. Taybeh is a Palestinian village in the West Bank, located 35 kilometers North of the city of Jerusalem and 12 kilometers Northeast of Ramallah Taybeh Brewery is a Palestinian Brewery founded in 1994 by Nadim Khoury Name There are differences of opinion as to what the Palestinian territories should be called In addition to regular beer, the brewery produces non-alcoholic beer for conservative Muslims. ^[32] Soft drinks are also common in Palestinian homes and the city of Ramallah contains a Coca-Cola bottling plant, while Gaza, Hebron and Nablus have distribution centers. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries Gaza (غزة, עַזָּה ʕazzā is the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the Palestinian territories. Hebron ( al-Ḫalīl or al-Khalīl, Standard Hebrew: Ḥevron Tiberian Hebrew: Ḥeḇrôn is the largest city in the West Bank, located in the south ^[33]

Coffee and tea

Two hot beverages that Palestinians consume is coffee — served in the morning and throughout the day — and tea which is often sipped in the evening. Tea is usually flavored with na'ana (mint) or maramiyyeh (sage). Common sage ( Salvia officinalis) is a small perennial Evergreen Subshrub, with woody stems grayish leaves and blue to purplish flowers The coffee of choice is usually Turkish or Arabic coffee. Turkish coffee (see name and variants for other names is coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot ( Cezve) possibly with This article deals with methods of preparation of a drink for the species of coffee plant see Coffea arabica. Arabic coffee is similar to Turkish coffee, but the former is spiced with cardamom and is usually unsweetened. The name cardamom (or cardamon is used for herbs within two genera of the Ginger family Zingiberaceae, namely Elettaria and Amomum ^[7]

Among Bedouins and most other Arabs throughout Palestine, bitter coffee, known as gahwah, was a symbol of hospitality. The Bedouin, (from the Arabic (ar بدوي pl badū) are a desert-dwelling Arab Nomadic pastoralist, or previously The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding Hospitality refers to the relationship process between a Guest and a host and it also refers to the act or practice of being hospitable that is the reception and entertainment Pouring the drink was ceremonial; it would involve the host or his eldest son moving clockwise among guests — who were judged by age and status — pouring coffee into tiny cups from a brass pot. It was considered "polite" for guests to accept only three cups of coffee and then end their last cup by saying dyman, meaning "always", but intending to mean "may you always have the means to serve coffee". ^[34]

Holiday cuisine

There is a sharp difference of Palestinian courses eaten on a daily basis in comparison to those reserved for holidays — which include family and religious occasions for both Muslims and Christians.

Ramadan

In the past, during the fasting month of Ramadan, the Musaher of a town would yell and beat his drum to wake up the town's residents for suhoor (lit. Suhoor ( Arabic:سحور lit of the dawn also called Sehri, Sahari and Sahur in other languages is an Islamic term referring to 'of dawn') - usually very early in the morning, ranging from 4-6 am. The meals eaten during this time are light and foods include labeneh, cheese, bread and fried or boiled eggs along with various liquids to drink. The muezzin's call to dawn prayers signaled the beginning of sawm or fasting. The muezzin (via Turkish müezzin from Arabic: مؤذن mu’aḏḏin) is a chosen person at the Sawm ( Arabic: صوم is an Arabic word for Fasting regulated by Islamic jurisprudence. ^[26]

Breaking the day's fasting traditionally begins with the brief consumption of dates and a chilled beverage. The Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible Fruit. Palestinians make a variety of fruit-based beverages, including the flavors, tamar hindi or tamarind, sous or licorice, kharroub or carob and Qamar Eddine. This article refers to the tree For other uses see Tamarindo (disambiguation. Liquorice (UK or licorice (US (see spelling differences;, or) is the root of Glycyrrhiza glabra, from which a sweet flavour can be extracted The Carob tree (from Arabic: خروب "kharūb" and Hebrew: חרוב Charuv) Ceratonia siliqua, is a Leguminous ^[7] Tamar hindi is made by soaking tamarinds in water for a many hours, then straining, sweetening and mixing it with rose water and lemon juice. thumb|right|250px|Rose water Rose water or rose syrup (گلاب Golâb, Gül suyu ماء ورد Māʾ ward, Urdu: گلاب رس ^[26] Kharroub is made similarly except instead of tamarind, carob is used. ^[7] Qamar Eddine is made of dried apricots boiled into a liquid and chilled. ^[26]

The term iftar has a different meaning in Ramadan where it is used to describe the 'breaking of fasting' unlike its common meaning of breakfast in the morning. Iftar begins with soup, either made from lentils, vegetables or freekeh. The lentil or daal or pulse ( Lens culinaris) is a bushy Annual plant of the legume family grown for its lens-shaped Seeds Freekeh or farik (فريكة is a Cereal food made from green Wheat that goes through a roasting process in its production Shurbat freekeh ("freekeh soup") is made from cracked, green wheat cooked in chicken broth. There is a wide variety of meals served during iftar, ranging from small plates or bowls vegetable-based courses or saniyyehs (large plates or trays) of a particular meat. Common small dishes on the dinner table are bamia — a name for okra in tomato paste, mloukhiyeh — a corchorus stew — or maqali, an array of fried tomatoes, aubergines, potatoes, peppers and zucchini. Mulukhiyah or Malukhiyah (Arabic ملوخية is the Arabic name for Mallow-Leaves which are the leaves from the plant Corchorus, a herb in the larger Corchorus is a genus plant of about 40-100 species of Flowering plants in the family Malvaceae, native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout Pilaf or plain freekeh are normally served alongside the dinner meat. Each household prepares extra food to provide for their neighbors and the less fortunate — who must receive an equal version of the food eaten at home. ^[26]

Holiday sweets

A common Palestinian dessert reserved only for Ramadan is qatayef, which could be provided by the numerous street vendors in several major Palestinian cities or towns as well as typical Palestinian households. Qatayef (قطايف is an Arab dessert reserved for the Muslim holiday of Ramadan, a sort of sweet Crepe filled with cheese or nuts ^[35] Qatayef is the general name of the dessert as a whole, but more specifically, the name of the batter that acts as a base. The result of the batter being poured into a round hot plate appears similar to pancakes, except only one side is cooked, then folded. The pastry is filled with either unsalted goat cheese or ground walnuts and cinnamon. It is then baked and served with a hot sugar-water syrup or sometimes honey. ^[36]

Ka'ak bi 'awja is a semolina shortbread pastry filled with ground dates called 'ajwa or walnuts. Ka'ak (كعك also transliterated kaak) is the Arabic word for "cake" and can refer to several different types of baked goods produced throughout Shortbread is a type of Biscuit ( Cookie) which is traditionally made from one part white sugar, two parts Butter, and three parts oatmeal Ma'amoul (معمول are small Shortbread pastries filled with dates, Pistachios or Walnuts (or occasionally Almonds, figs The dessert is a traditional meal for Christians during Easter,^[37] however, ka'ak bi awja is also prepared towards the end of Ramadan, to be eaten during Eid al-Fitr - a Muslim festival immediately following Ramadan, as well as during Eid al-Adha. Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Eid ul-Fitr or Id-ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر ‘Īdu l-Fiṭr) often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim Holiday that marks the end of Eid al-Adha ( Arabic: عيد الأضحى ‘Īd ul-’Aḍḥā, Urdu: بقرعید or the Festival of Sacrifice is a religious festival celebrated ^[26][38] During Mawlid — the holiday honoring the birth of the Islamic prophet Muhammad — Zalabieh which consists of small, crunchy deep fried dough balls in dipped in syrup, is served. Mawlid ( Eid Milad an Nabi ( Turkish:Mevlid ( Qur'anic مَوْلِدُ آلنَبِيِّ mawlidu n-nabiyyi, “Birth of the Prophet” IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics The dough is made from flour, yeast and water. ^[37]

A special pudding called mughli is prepared for a new born child. The dessert is made of ground rice, sugar and a mixture of spices, garnished with almonds, pine nuts and walnuts. An infant's new tooth is celebrated with bowls of sweetened wheat or barley and sweets served after a child's circumcision include baklava and burma. Christian families in mourning serve a sweet bun known as rahmeh. It is a food eaten in remembrance of the dead and as a gesture of blessing the soul of the deceased person. The Greek Orthodox Church offer a special tray with cooked wheat covered with sugar and candy after a memorial service. The Greek Orthodox Church ( Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἐκκλησία Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) is formed by several autocephalous churches ^[37]

See also

• Arab cuisine
• Israeli cuisine
• Levantine cuisine
• List of Palestinian dishes

References

External links

• The rich flavors of Palestine Mai M. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Farsakh, This Week in Palestine, Jun 21, 2006
• Palestinian Cuisine IMEU, JAN 16, 2006
• Hummus, a Palestinian staple by Lailie Ibrahim, Mar. 31, 2006

Further reading

• Christiane Dabdoub Nasser, Classic Palestinian Cookery, Saqi Books, London, 2001, ISBN 0863565484
• Aziz Shihab, A Taste of Palestine: Menus and Memories, Corona Publishing Co. Naomi Shihab Nye (born March 12, 1952) is a poet, songwriter and a novelist ISBN 0931722934

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