LanguagesReligions
| Pakistani Britons
|
|---|
     Top row: General Muhammed Akbar Khan, Natasha Khan, Tariq Ali Bottom row: Sajid Mahmood, Robina Qureshi |
| Total population |
|
750,000 (2001 Census)[1] |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Regions: West Midlands, Greater London, Yorkshire and The Humber, North West England Metropolitan Areas: Greater London, Birmimgham Metro Area, Greater Manchester, Leeds-Bradford, Greater Glasgow Cities: London, Birmingham, Bradford, Manchester, Glasgow, Huddersfield, Rochdale, Slough, Oldham |
| English Urdu Punjabi Languages of Pakistan |
| Islam Christianity |
| Related ethnic groups |
| British Muslims Overseas Pakistani British Asian |
The term Pakistani Briton is used to denote a person of Pakistani ancestry or origin, who was born in or was an immigrant to the United Kingdom. The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine government office Regions of England. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. The West Midlands conurbation is the name given to the large Conurbation that includes the cities of Birmingham and Wolverhampton and the large towns of Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of Greater Glasgow is the Conurbation that includes and surrounds the city of Glasgow in the west of Scotland. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Bradford ( lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Huddersfield ( is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, 190 miles (306km north Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England Slough ( ˈslaʊ is a Borough and Unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi English is the Official language of Pakistan while Urdu is the National language despite not being a native language or being the mother tongue For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Islam is the second largest religion in the United Kingdom with a total of 1591000 (or 2 An overseas Pakistani is a Pakistani Citizen who has migrated to another country or a person of Pakistani origin who is born outside Pakistan British Asians are British citizens who are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Britain has the second largest overseas Pakistani population after Saudi Arabia. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi
Contents |
History
Pakistan came into existence in 1947, so documentation of the life of Pakistani Britons can technically only start from that year. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and However, Muslim immigrants from the part of British India now known as Pakistan, entered the British Isles as early as the mid-seventeenth century. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The British Isles (Irish variously Na hOileáin Bhriotanacha, Oileáin Iarthair Eorpa, Éire agus an Bhreatain Mhór; Ellanyn Goaldagh Eileanan During the nineteenth century, the British conquered Sindh in 1843 and Punjab in 1845, in which after many people were recruited to the British East India Company. Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. Punjab ( ਪੰਜਾਬ پنجاب, पंजाब پنجاب also Panjab (پنجاب meaning "Land of the Five Rivers") (c The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or
Following the Second World War and the break up of the British Empire, Pakistani migration to the United Kingdom increased, specifically during the 1950s and 1960s, as Pakistan was apart of the Commonwealth. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power.
The majority of the immigration began in the mid 1950s when manual workers were recruited to fulfil the labour shortage which resulted from World War II. Many people began immigrating from Azad Kashmir after the completion of Mangla Dam in Mirpur in the late 1950s as well, that destroyed hundreds of villages and stimulated a huge wave of migration. The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free The Mangla Dam ( Urdu: منگلا بند) in Azad Kashmir, Pakistan is the twelfth largest Dam in the world. Mirpur may refer to Mirpur District, a district of Azad Kashmir Mirpur Khas, a city in Sindh Pakistan Mirpur NWFP
In the years to come, many from Punjab began immigrating in the 1960s; they worked in the foundries of the English Midlands and a large number worked at Heathrow Airport as well. The Punjab ( Urdu:) province of This article is mainly about the English Midlands For other uses see Midlands (disambiguation. During the same time, medical staff from the Pakistan were recruited for the newly formed National Health Service. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The National Health Service is the name commonly used to refer to the four Publicly-funded healthcare systems of the United Kingdom collectively or individually (although These people were targeted as the British had established medical schools in the Pakistan, which conformed to the British standards of medical training such as King Edward Medical College, in Lahore. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and King Edward Medical University is the oldest medical school in Pakistan. ( lahor is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi.
During the 1970s, a large number of East African Asians, who already held British passports, entered the UK after they were expelled from Kenya, Uganda and Zanzibar. East Africa is the Easternmost Region of the African Continent. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. Zanzibar ( is part of the East African republic of Tanzania. It consists of the Zanzibar Archipelago in the The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 and Immigration Act 1971 largely restricted any further primary immigration, although family members of already-settled migrants were still allowed. The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Immigration Act of 1971 was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning Immigration which came into law in 1971. Primary immigration is a term which describes the movement of the earner of a Family, or a young unattached single Man, from one Country to another In addition, much of the subsequent growth in the British Asian community has come from the births of second- and third-generation Asian Britons.
Integrating in British Society
The integration of Pakistanis in the United Kingdom has not been as successful as in other western countries, except a minority. Racial integration, or simply integration includes Desegregation (the process of ending systematic Racial segregation) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Around half of the British Pakistanis living in Britain can trace their origins to this tiny area of Mirpur, Azad Kashmir, which was the site of a Mangla Dam, built in the 1960s and flooded the surrounding farmland. Mirpur may refer to Mirpur District, a district of Azad Kashmir Mirpur Khas, a city in Sindh Pakistan Mirpur NWFP The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Mirpur is a conservative district, even by Pakistani standards and rural life here has not changed much over the years. Conservatism is a term used to describe political philosophies that favour Tradition, where tradition refers to various religious cultural or nationally defined Rural areas can be large and isolated (also referred to as "the country" and/or "the countryside over the course of time Families are not only a source of rigid hierarchies, but also the guiding influence behind everything from marriage to business. @@@ main@@@ - title Hierarchy@@@ keywords structure; sociology; information@@@ review@@@ - A business (also called firm or an enterprise) is a legally recognized organizational entity designed to provide goods and/or services to [3] This has clashed with British values, in which people tend to be more independent and liberal. As a result, many Pakistanis have been forced to live in secluded areas with other Pakistanis, and thus the rise of ghettos. A ghetto is described as a "portion of a city in which members of a minority group live especially because of social legal or economic pressure Integration of British Pakistanis has been increasingly hindered by the rise of ghettos. New research shows the population of these mostly inner city communities has been rising very fast. It is one way to avoid the difficulties of confronting cultural difference - to avoid cross-cultural contact altogether. And it seems to be the route taken by many people of Pakistanis. There are statistics which suggest that of all communities, Pakistanis live in the most segregated areas of Britain, and their children attend the most segregated schools. The British government has dedicated itself to integrating immigrants, providing some kind of shared identity to which Pakistanis could learn to accept. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term One plan includes the busing of Pakistani background students to "white schools" in an attempt to bridge the divide between the British public and Pakistanis. [4] But there are also different examples. People who came from the Punjab area of Pakistan have integrated much easier into the British society. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and The History of English society demonstrates innumerable changes over many centuries They make up a third of the whole British Pakistani population. Different to the Kashmiri community, which mostly resides in the West Midlands and North of England, the community of Punjabi descend mostly lives in London, Scotland and Birmingham, where it could get to an steady improving success. Kashmiri (कॉशुर کٲشُر Koshur) is a Dardic language spoken primarily in the valley of Kashmir, a region situated in the Indian state The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. Northern England, The North, The North of England or (less commonly The North Country refers to the parts of England north of an ill-defined line Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um Especially in London, where the Pakistani community unlike in other cities doesn't live in their own ghettos, they own many businesses and in some boroughs they're better educated and wealthier than even the Indian British community. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. British Indians (also Indian British or Indian Britons) are citizens of the United Kingdom whose ancestral roots lie in the South Asian country
Demographics
Approximately 1,000,000 Pakistanis reside in the United Kingdom, according to the Ministry of Labour, Manpower & Overseas Pakistanis (Government of Pakistan)as of June, 2004[5]. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The largest population is located in the West Midlands[6]. The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands.
| Region | Population | Pakistani Population | Pakistanis as Percentage of Population | Cities / Boroughs with Significant Pakistani communities (2005) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Midlands [1] | 5,350,700 | 172,400 | 3. The West Midlands is an official Region of England, covering the western half of the area traditionally known as the Midlands. 2% | Birmingham - 105,000 (10. Birmingham ( ˈbɜːmɪŋəm Ber -ming-um 4% of the city's population) Walsall - 10,000 (5. Walsall ( is a large industrial town in the West Midlands of England. 6%) Sandwell - 8,500 (3. History of the Borough The borough was formed on 1 April 1974 as a merger of the County boroughs of Warley (associated with Worcestershire 0%) Stoke-on-Trent - 7,000 (3. Stoke-on-Trent ( often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city in Staffordshire, England which forms a linear Conurbation almost 12 miles (19 0%) Dudley - 6,500 (3. Dudley ( is a large town in the West Midlands, England, with a population of 194919. 3%) Coventry - 6,500 (2. Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. 1%) Burton-on-Trent - 4,000 (6. Burton upon Trent, also known as Burton-on-Trent or simply Burton, is a large town straddling the River Trent in the east of Staffordshire, 6%) Wolverhampton - 3,000 (1. 3%) |
| Greater London [2] | 7,456,100 | 163,800 | 2. Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England. 2% | Newham - 21,000 (8. The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London. 7% of the city's population) Waltham Forest - 17,500 (7. The London Borough of Waltham Forest is a London borough in East London England and forms part of Outer London. 7%) Redbridge - 15,000 (6. 6%) Ealing - 11,500 (3. Ealing is a Town in the London Borough of Ealing. It is a Suburban development situated 7 9%) Brent - 11,000 (4. For a list of articles see Brent (disambiguation Brent is an English place name and surname 3%) Hounslow - 9,500 (4. Hounslow is the principal town in the London Borough of Hounslow. 4%) Croydon - 7,500 (2. Croydon is a large town and major commercial centre in South London, and the principal settlement of the London Borough of Croydon. 6%) Wandsworth - 5,500 (1. This article refers only to the town of Wandsworth For the wider area generally referred to as Wandsworth see the separate article on London Borough of Wandsworth. 9%) Harrow - 4,500 (2. 5%) Hillingdon - 4,000 (1. Hillingdon is a place in the London Borough of Hillingdon. It is a suburban development situated 14 8%) Barnet - 4,000 (1. High Barnet or Chipping Barnet is a place in the London Borough of Barnet in North London, England. 6%) Barking & Dagenham - 3,000 (2. The London Borough of Barking and Dagenham ( is a London borough in East London and forms part of Outer London. 2%) |
| Yorkshire and the Humber [3] | 5,107,500 | 163,400 | 3. Yorkshire and the Humber is one of the nine government office Regions of England. 2% | Bradford - 70,000 (23. Bradford ( lies at the heart of the City of Bradford, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. 8% of the city's population) Huddersfield/Kirklees - 27,000 (6. Huddersfield ( is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Kirklees, in West Yorkshire, England, 190 miles (306km north Kirklees is a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. 8%) Sheffield - 16,000 (3. Sheffield ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England 0%) Leeds - 15,500 (3. Leeds ( is located on the River Aire in West Yorkshire, England 5%) Halifax/Calderdale - 10,000 (5. The Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale is a Metropolitan borough of the Metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, England, through which the 0%) Rotherham - 5,000 (4. Rotherham ( is a large town in South Yorkshire, England. It lies on the River Don, close to its confluence with the River Rother, between 3%) Wakefield - 3,500 (4. Wakefield lies at the heart of the City of Wakefield, a Metropolitan borough of West Yorkshire, England. 4%) |
| North West [4] | 6,839,800 | 133,900 | 2. North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. 0% | Manchester - 23,500 (5. 2% of the city's population) Rochdale - 16,000 (16. Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England 7%) Oldham - 14,000 (13. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock 5%) Blackburn - 12,500 (11. Blackburn ( is a large town in Lancashire, England. It lies to the north of the West Pennine Moors on the southern edge of the Ribble Valley 9%) Nelson/Pendle - 12,000 (13. Nelson is a town in the borough of Pendle in Lancashire, England with a population of 28998 in 2001 Pendle is a local government district and Borough of Lancashire, England, on the North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire borders 1%) Bolton - 7,000 (5. Bolton ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, in the North West region of England. 0%) Accrington/Hyndburn - 6,000 (7. Accrington is a town within the Hyndburn borough of Lancashire, in North West England. Hyndburn is a local government district with Borough status in Lancashire, England. 3%) Bury - 6,000 (9. Bury is a town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on the River Irwell, north-northwest of the city of Manchester, west-southwest of 9%) Trafford - 3,000 (1. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England 4%) Stockport - 3,000 (2. Stockport ( is a large town in Greater Manchester, England. It lies on elevated ground on the River Mersey at the influx of the rivers Goyt 2%) |
| South East [5] | 8,184,600 | 71,300 | 0. South East England is one of the nine official Regions of England. 9% | Slough - 15,000 (12. Slough ( ˈslaʊ is a Borough and Unitary authority within the ceremonial county of Berkshire, England. 0% of the city's population) High Wycombe - 10,000 (8. See also High Wycombe Western Australia High Wycombe (hai ˈwɪk 5%) Crawley - 3,000 (3. Crawley ( is a town and Local government district with Borough status in West Sussex, England 0%) |
| East [6] | 5,563,000 | 50,800 | 0. The East of England is one of the nine official Regions of England. 9% | Luton - 17,500 (9. Luton ( is a large town in the east of England, 32 miles (51 kilometres north of London. 4%) Peterborough - 7,500 (4. History Early history Present-day Peterborough is the latest in a series of settlements which have at one time or other benefited from its situation where the Nene 6%) Watford - 4,000 (5. Watford (ˈwɒtfəd) is a town and district in Hertfordshire, England, situated 19 miles (30 km northwest of London 0%) |
| East Midlands [7] | 4,327,500 | 37,600 | 0. The East Midlands is one of the Regions of England and consists of most of the eastern half of the traditional region of the Midlands. 9% | Nottingham - 10,000 Derby - 9,000 Leicester - 5,000 |
| Scotland [8] | 5,094,800 | 32,000 | 0. Nottingham ( is a city in the Ceremonial county of Nottinghamshire, England. Derby (pronounced "dar-bee" /dˈɑːbɪ/ is a city in the East Midlands of England. Leicester (ˈlɛstə is the largest city and Unitary authority area in the East Midlands of England, and is the traditional Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. 6% | Glasgow - 22,000 Edinburgh - 6,000 |
| North East [9] | 2,549,700 | 17,900 | 0. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom Edinburgh ( ˈɛdɪnb(ərə Dùn Èideann) is the Capital of Scotland and is its second largest city after Glasgow. North-East England is one of the nine official Regions of England and comprises the combined area of Northumberland, County Durham, Tyne and Wear 7% | Middlesbrough & Stockton-on-Tees - 7,500 Newcastle Upon Tyne - 5,000 |
| South West [10] | 5,086,700 | 14,400 | 0. Middlesbrough ( IPA ( Received pronunciation) is a Town in the Tees Valley sub-region of the North East of England Stockton-on-Tees is a market town in North East England. It is the major settlement in the unitary authority area and Borough of Stockton-on-Tees. Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England South West England is one of the Regions of England. It is the largest such region in terms of area and extends from Gloucestershire and Wiltshire to 3% | Bristol - 4,500 |
| Wales [11] | 1,499,303 | 4,347 | 0. Bristol ( ˈbrɪstəl is a city, Unitary authority and ceremonial county in South West England, west of London 3% | Cardiff - 3,000 |
| Northern Ireland [12] | 1,685,267 | 666 | 0. Cardiff ( 'kɑːdɪf) is the Capital and the largest city and county in Wales. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of 03% | Belfast is likely to be home to the vast majority |
London
2005 estimates state that almost 200,000 British Citizens of Pakistani origin live in the Boroughs of London. Belfast ( is the capital city of Northern Ireland and the seat of government in Northern Ireland. The population is made up of Punjabis, Pathans, Urdu Speakers, Mirpuris and Sindhis. Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Pashtuns ( Pashto: پښتون Paṣtūn, Paxtūn, also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns) also called See Muhajir page for all Muhajir groups in the world Muhajir or Panahgir (مہاجر is a diverse term used to describe the This mix makes the British Pakistani community of London, the most diverse of any in the UK, since the population can trace their origins from all the various regions and cities of Pakistan. The largest presence is in the East London communities of Ilford, Walthamstow, Leyton and Barking, however Newham in East London continues to support the largest community. Ilford is a district of the London Borough of Redbridge. It is a suburban development situated east north-east of Charing Cross and one the major metropolitan centres This article is about a town For the album by East 17 see Walthamstow (album. Leyton is an area of East London and part of the London Borough of Waltham Forest. Barking is a suburban town in east London, England and the main district of the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham. The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London. Other large communities can be found in Southall and Hounslow in West London and Tooting, Croydon and Streatham in South London. A considerable number of Pakistanis have set up their own businesses, often employing family members. Today a fifth of Pakistani Londoners are self-employed. Businesses such as grocery stores and newsagents are common, while others who arrived later in London work as taxi drivers or chauffeurs (especially from NWFP area in Pakistan). Well-known British Pakistanis from London include Anwar Pervez, whose Earl's Court grocery store expanded into the Bestway chain with a turnover of £2 billion and the playwright and author Hanif Kureishi. Sir Anwar Pervez ( Urdu: سر انور پرویز) OBE Hilal-i-Pakistan, is a businessman in the United Kingdom. Hanif Kureishi CBE (born December 5, 1954) is an English Playwright, Screenwriter and Filmmaker, Novelist Younger British Pakistanis are mostly very well integrated into British society and Pakistani British are mostly well educated. Many of them are much more religious than their parents, many into Salafism.
Birmingham
Birmingham has one of the largest Pakistani expat communities in the World (over 100,000). Most can trace their origins to 'Azad Kashmir'
Manchester
The largest visible minority in Manchester are Pakistanis (Majority of Azad Kashmir and Punjabi origin) which make up 3. Visible minority is a term used primarily in Canada to describe persons who are not of the majority race in a given population 8% of the total population. Sizeable Pakistani populations are also to be found in the neighbouring districts of Oldham (4. Oldham is a large town in Greater Manchester, England It lies amongst the Pennines on elevated ground between the rivers Irk and Medlock 1%) and Rochdale (5. Rochdale is a large Market town in Greater Manchester, England 5%). Significantly, one in eight of all Pakistanis reside in Greater Manchester. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 This cultural diversity is expected to increase over time, given existing trends. [7]
Bradford
Bradford is well known for its large Pakistani population (largely from the 'Azad Kashmir' region of Pakistan), and is often dubbed Bradistan by Pakistani Britons or Little Pakistan by the British themselves. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In 2001, riots escalated between the city's majority white population and the ethnic visible minorities (mainly Pakistani), and were called the Bradford Riots. The Bradford Riots were a short but intense period of Rioting which began on July 7, 2001, in Bradford, West Yorkshire, England The riot was estimated to have involved 1,000 youths. More than 300 police officers were hurt during the riot. There were 297 arrests in total; 187 people were charged with riot, 45 with violent disorder and 200 jail sentences totalling 604 years were handed down. Today around 15% of the city's population are Pakistani (some 70,000 people).
Glasgow
The majority of Pakistanis living in Scotland reside in Glasgow (and the surrounding Greater Glasgow area). With an estimated 22,000+ population, there are large Pakistani communities throughout the city, notably in the South and West sides with a healthy presence of Pakistani owned businesses there. The majority have origins from the Central Punjab part of Pakistan.
Notable British people of Pakistani descent
See List of British people of Pakistani descent
Languages
Most Pakistani Britons speak English and second, third and fourth generation Pakistani Britons consider English as their first language. This is a list of Pakistani British people namely people in the United Kingdom whose ethnic origin lies in Pakistan Urdu is understood and spoken by many in the community and is often the language of communication between Pakistani Britons. Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Urdu is taught in madrassas along with Arabic. "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language In some of the larger communities Urdu is also taught in secondary schools and colleges to GCSE and A Levels respectively. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. The General Certificate of Secondary Education ( GCSE) is the name of an academic qualification awarded in a specified subject generally taken in a number of subjects by The A-level, short for Advanced Level, is a General Certificate of Education qualification in England, Northern Ireland and Wales, Overwhelming, the majority of Pakistanis in the Britain are from Mirpur, Azad Kashmir and the dominant languages therefore spoken are Pothwari and Hindko. Mirpur may refer to Mirpur District, a district of Azad Kashmir Mirpur Khas, a city in Sindh Pakistan Mirpur NWFP The Azad State of Jammu and Kashmir, usually shortened to Azad Jammu and Kashmir ( AJK) or simply Azad Kashmir (literally "free Potwari or Pothohari can refer to An inhabitant of Potwar (Pothohar a plateau in northern Pakistan The Potwari language (Pothohari Hindko (هندکو /Hindkoŭ/ also Hindku, Hinko, or Lahnda, لَیہندا is an ancient Indo-Aryan language spoken in North Western Other languages include Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Kashmiri and Balochi. Punjabi may refer to The Punjabi language of Pakistan and India Punjabi grammar List of Punjabi Pashto ( Naskh: پښتو pəʂ'to also rendered as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto, Pashtu, Pushtu, also known as Kashmiri (कॉशुर کٲشُر Koshur) is a Dardic language spoken primarily in the valley of Kashmir, a region situated in the Indian state
Religion
The vast majority of Pakistanis in the UK follow Sunni Islam, however there is a sizeable minority of Shia Muslims as well as some Christians throughout the community. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth
Culture & Events
Pakistani Britons come together to celebrate Pakistan's Independence Day on August 14 of each year. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Together with the Pakistan Consulate in London, and other embassies within the country it's mission is to project Pakistan in its true colour as a dynamic, moderate and peaceful country. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The events usually occur in large Pakistani populated areas of various cities in the United Kingdom, most primarily on Green Street in Newham, London. The London Borough of Newham ( is a London borough in East London, within Greater London. The celebration lasts all day with various festivals. Muslim of the community mark the Islamic Festivals of Eid ul Adha and Eid ul Fitr. Eid al-Adha ( Arabic: عيد الأضحى ‘Īd ul-’Aḍḥā, Urdu: بقرعید or the Festival of Sacrifice is a religious festival celebrated Eid ul-Fitr or Id-ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر ‘Īdu l-Fiṭr) often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim Holiday that marks the end of
See also
- Overseas Pakistani
- Bangladeshi British
- Desi
- List of British Asian people
- BBC Asian Network
- Islam in the United Kingdom
References
- ^ The census in England and Wales
- ^ Neighbourhood Statistics - Home Page
- ^ The limits to integration - BBC News, 30 November 2006
- ^ Asian Muslim Ghettos Keep Growing, Hindering Integration
- ^ STATEMENT SHOWING DISTRIBUTION OF NUMBER OF OVERSEAS PAKISTANIS LIVING/WORKING/STUDYING IN DIFFERENT REGIONS/COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD AS ON 30-6-2004.
- ^ Percentage distribution of Pakistani Population UK Wide
- ^ Manchester Facts & Figures - 1
External links
- paki.tv is a web project from the East India Dock of Former British Empire
- BBC Radio Player discussion on the dissatisfaction over the term Asian
- Black Youth Empowerment
- hWeb - An outline of the immigration pattern of the Pakistani community in Britain
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