Citizendia
Your Ad Here

Paint stripper, or paint remover, is the generic name given to solvent mixtures designed to remove paint and other finishes and also to clean the underlying surface. A solvent is a liquid or gas that dissolves a solid liquid or gaseous Solute, resulting in a Solution. Paint is any Liquid, liquifiable or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque Solid The principal active ingredient is usually dichloromethane. Dichloromethane ( DCM) or methylene chloride is the Chemical compound with the formula CH2Cl2 Formulations with orange oil (or other terpene solvents), N-methylpyrrolidone, esters such as dibasic esters (often dimethyl esters of shorter dicarboxylic acids, sometimes aminated, for example, adipic acid or glutamic acid), aromatic hydrocarbons, dimethylformamide, and other solvents are known as well. Limonene is a Hydrocarbon, classified as a cyclic Terpene. It is a colourless liquid at room temperatures with an extremely strong smell of oranges Terpenes are a large and varied class of Hydrocarbons, produced primarily by a wide variety of plants particularly Conifers though also by some insects such N -Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP is a Chemical compound with 5-membered Lactam structure Esters are a class of Chemical compounds and Functional groups Esters consist of an inorganic or organic Acid in which at least In chemistry a dibasic ester or DBE is a Dimethyl Ester of a Dicarboxylic acid. Dicarboxylic acids are Organic compounds that are substituted with two Carboxylic acid Functional groups In molecular formulae for dicarboxylic acids these Adipic acid ( IUPAC Systematic name: hexanedioic acid) is a di Carboxylic acid. Glutamic acid (abbreviated as Glu or E) is one of the 20 Alpha Amino acids It is not among the human Essential amino acids Its Dimethylformamide is the Organic compound with the formula ( CH3)2NC(OH The formula differs according to the type of paint and the character of the underlying surface. Nitromethane is another commonly used solvent. Nitromethane is an Organic compound with the chemical formula CH3NO2 Dimethyl sulfoxide is a less toxic alternative solvent used in some formulations. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO is the Chemical compound with the formula (CH32SO

Paint strippers come in a liquid, or a gel ("thixotropic") form that clings even to vertical surfaces. A gel (from the lat gelu &mdashfreezing cold ice or gelatus &mdashfrozen immobile is an apparently solid jelly-like material formed from a Thixotropy is the property of some non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids to show a time-dependent change in Viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes

The principle of paint strippers is penetration of the paint film by the molecules of the active ingredient, causing its swelling; this volume increase causes internal strains, which, together with the weakening of the layer's adhesion to the underlying surface, leads to separation of the layer of the paint from the substrate. Adhesion is the tendency of certain dissimilar molecules to cling together due to Attractive forces.

Other components

Various co-solvents are added to the primary active ingredient. These assist with penetration into the paint and its removal and differ according to the target paint. Ethanol is suitable for shellac, methyl ethyl ketone is used for cellulose nitrate, and phenol and cresols are employed in some industrial formulas. Shellac is the commercial resin marketed in the form of amber flakes made from Lac, the secretion of the family of lac-producing insects though most commonly from the Butanone is a manufactured organic chemical. It is a colorless liquid with a sharp sweet butterscotch odor reminiscent of Acetone. Nitrocellulose (also cellulose nitrate, flash paper) is a highly flammable compound formed by Nitrating Cellulose through exposure to Phenol, is a toxic colourless Crystalline Solid with a sweet tarry odor commonly referred to as a "hospital smell" Cresols are Organic compounds which are methyl[[phenol]]s They are a widely occurring natural and manufactured group of Aromatic Organic compounds Benzyl alcohol is used as well. Benzyl alcohol is an Organic compound with the formula C6H5CH2OH

Activators increase the penetration rate; for dichloromethane water is suitable, other choices are amines, strong acids or strong alkalines. Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair. The activators role is to disrupt the molecular and intermolecular bonds in the paint film and assist with weakening it. Their composition depends on the character of the paint to be removed; mineral acids are used for epoxy resins to hydrolyze their ether bonds. A mineral acid is an Acid derived by Chemical reaction from inorganic Minerals as opposed to Organic acids These have Hydrogen In Chemistry, epoxy or polyepoxide is a Thermosetting Epoxide Polymer that cures (polymerizes and crosslinks when mixed with a Hydrolysis is a Chemical reaction during which one or more water molecules are split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions which may go on to participate in further reactions Ether is a class of Organic compounds which contain an ether group — an Oxygen Atom connected to two (substituted Alkyl Alkaline activators are usually based on sodium hydroxide. Sodium hydroxide ( Na[[hydroxide OH]]) also known as Lye, caustic soda and (incorrectly according to IUPAC nomenclature Some cosolvents double as activators. Amine activators, alkalines weaker than inorganic hydroxides, are favored when the substrate could be corroded by strong acids or bases. Amines are Organic compounds and Functional groups that contain a basic Nitrogen Atom with a Lone pair.

Surfactants assist with wetting the surface, increasing the area of where the solvent can penetrate the paint layer. Surfactants are wetting agents that lower the Surface tension of a liquid allowing easier spreading and lower the Interfacial tension between two liquids Wetting is the contact between a liquid and a solid surface resulting from intermolecular interactions when the two are brought together Anionic surfactants (eg. dodecyl benzene sulfonate or sodium xylene sulfonate) are used for acidic formulas, cationic or nonionic are suitable for alkaline formulas. Paint strippers containing surfactants are excellent brush cleaners.

Thickeners are used for thixotropic formulas to help the mixture form gel that adheres to vertical surfaces and to reduce the evaporation of the solvents, thus prolonging the time the solvent can penetrate the paint. Thickening agents, or thickeners, are substances which when added to an aqueous mixture increase its Viscosity without substantially modifying its other properties Thixotropy is the property of some non-Newtonian pseudoplastic fluids to show a time-dependent change in Viscosity; the longer the fluid undergoes A gel (from the lat gelu &mdashfreezing cold ice or gelatus &mdashfrozen immobile is an apparently solid jelly-like material formed from a Cellulose-based agents, eg. Cellulose is an Organic compound with the formula, a Polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to over ten thousand β(1→4 hydroxypropyl cellulose, are commonly used for mixtures that are not extremely acidic or basic; under such conditions cellulose undergoes hydrolysis and loses effectivity, so fumed silica is used for these instead. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC (cellulose 2-hydroxypropyl ether is a derivative of Cellulose with both water solubility and organic solubility The Chemical compound silicon dioxide, also known as silica or silox (from the Latin " Silex " is an Oxide Another possibility is using waxes (usually paraffin wax or polyethylene or polypropylene derivates), or polyacrylate gels. Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by Bees ( Beeswax) and used by them in constructing their In chemistry paraffin is the common name for the Alkane Hydrocarbons with the general formula C n H2 n +2 Polyethylene or polythene ( IUPAC name poly(ethene) is a Thermoplastic commodity heavily used in consumer products (notably the Polypropylene or polypropene ( PP) is a Thermoplastic Polymer, made by the Chemical industry and used in a wide variety of applications An acrylate polymer belongs to a group of Polymers which could be referred to as plastics generally

Corrosion inhibitors are added to the formula to protect the underlying substrate and the paint stripper storage vessel (usually a tin can) from corrosion. A corrosion inhibitor is a chemical compound that when added to a fluid or gas decreases the corrosion rate of a Metal or an Alloy. Corrosion means the breaking down of essential properties in a material due to Chemical reactions with its surroundings Dichloromethane decomposes with time to hydrochloric acid, which readily reacts with propylene oxide or butylene oxide and therefore is removed from the solution. Hydrochloric acid is the Solution of Hydrogen chloride ( H[[Chlorine Cl]] in water Propylene oxide is a highly toxic flammable Chemical compound. Chromate-based inhibitors give the mixture a characteristic yellow color. Chromates and dichromates are Salts of Chromic acid and dichromic acid respectively Other possibilities include polyphosphates, silicates, borates and various antioxidants. Polyphosphates are anionic Phosphate Polymers linked between Hydroxyl groups and Hydrogen atoms For the Artificial intelligence Androids of the 1990s Science fiction series Space Above and Beyond, see Silicate (AI Borates in Chemistry are Chemical compounds containing Boron bonded to three Oxygen atoms written as B(OR3 An antioxidant is a Molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules

Sequestrants and chelating agents are used to "disarm" metal ions present in the solution, which could otherwise negatively impart the efficiency of other components, and assist with cleaning stains, which often contain metal compounds. A sequestrant is a Food additive whose role is to improve the quality and stability of the food products Chelation is the binding or complexation of a bi- or multidentate Ligand. The most common sequestrants used in paint strippers are EDTA, tributyl phosphate, and sodium phosphate. EDTA is a widely used abbreviation for the Chemical compound ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (and many other names see table Production Tributyl phosphate is manufactured by Esterification of Orthophosphoric acid with Butyl alcohol. Sodium phosphate is a generic term for the salts of Sodium and Phosphate.

Colourants are added in order to make the substance look different from the competitors, and/or to make it easier to see to which areas the remover has been applied. A colourant or colorant is something added to something else to cause a change in Colour.

Alternatives

Hot air guns are an alternative to chemical paint strippers. A heat gun is a device used to emit a stream of hot air They are superficially similar in shape and construction to a Hair dryer, though they run at much higher temperatures

External links

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic