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Pablo Picasso

Pablo Picasso 1962
Birth name Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruiz y Picasso
Born October 25, 1881(1881-10-25)
Málaga, Spain
Died April 8, 1973 (aged 91)
Mougins, France
Nationality Spanish
Field Painting, Drawing, Sculpture, Printmaking, Ceramics
Training Jose Ruíz (father), Academy of Arts, Madrid
Movement Cubism
Works Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907)
Guernica (1937) The Weeping Woman (1937)

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruiz y Picasso (October 25, 1881 – April 8, 1973) was a Spanish painter, draughtsman, and sculptor. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Mougins is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Drawing is a Visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium Printmaking is the Process of making artworks by Printing, normally on Paper. Ceramics and ceramic art in the art world means artwork made out of clay bodies and fired to form a ceramic. Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( The Young Ladies of Avignon) is a large Oil painting by Pablo Picasso that depicts five Prostitutes Guernica is a monumental Painting by Pablo Picasso, depicting the Nazi German Bombing of Guernica, Spain by twenty-eight Weeping Woman (Dora (60 х 49 cm 23 ⅝ х 19 ¼ inches is an oil on canvas painted by Pablo Picasso in 1937. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Drawing is a Visual art that makes use of any number of drawing instruments to mark a two-dimensional medium As one of the most recognized figures in twentieth-century art, he is best known for co-founding the Cubist movement and for the wide variety of styles embodied in his work. Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Among his most famous works are the proto-Cubist Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907) and his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War, Guernica (1937). Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( The Young Ladies of Avignon) is a large Oil painting by Pablo Picasso that depicts five Prostitutes The bombing of Guernica ( April 26, 1937) was an aerial attack on the Basque town of Guernica, causing widespread destruction and The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Guernica is a monumental Painting by Pablo Picasso, depicting the Nazi German Bombing of Guernica, Spain by twenty-eight

Contents

Biography

Picasso was baptized Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Clito, a series of names honouring various saints and relatives. Added to these were Ruiz and Picasso, for his father and mother, respectively, as per Spanish custom. Born in the city of Málaga in the Andalusian region of Spain, he was the first child of Don José Ruiz y Blasco (1838–1913) and María Picasso y López. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. José Ruiz y Blasco (1838-1913 was a Spanish painter and art teacher and is Pablo Picasso 's father Picasso’s family was middle-class; his father was also a painter who specialized in naturalistic depictions of birds and other game. For most of his life Ruiz was a professor of art at the School of Crafts and a curator of a local museum. Curator (from Latin cura care means manager overseer. A curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (e Ruiz’s ancestors were minor aristocrats.

The house where Picasso was born, in Málaga
The house where Picasso was born, in Málaga

The young Picasso showed a passion and a skill for drawing from an early age; according to his mother, his first words were “piz, piz”, a shortening of lápiz, the Spanish word for ‘pencil’. [1] From the age of seven, Picasso received formal artistic training from his father in figure drawing and oil painting. Ruiz was a traditional, academic artist and instructor who believed that proper training required disciplined copying of the masters, and drawing the human body from plaster casts and live models. His son became preoccupied with art to the detriment of his classwork.

The family moved to La Coruña in 1891 so his father could become a professor at the School of Fine Arts. A Coruña ( Spanish: La Coruña; Galician: A Coruña; also Corunna in English, and archaically The Groyne) is They stayed almost four years. On one occasion the father found his son painting over his unfinished sketch of a pigeon. Observing the precision of his son’s technique, Ruiz felt that the thirteen-year-old Picasso had surpassed him, and vowed to give up painting. [2]

In 1895, Picasso's seven-year old sister, Conchita, died of diphtheria - a traumatic event in his life. [3]After her death, the family moved to Barcelona, with Ruiz transferring to its School of Fine Arts. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia Picasso thrived in the city, regarding it in times of sadness or nostalgia as his true home. [4] Ruiz persuaded the officials at the academy to allow his son to take an entrance exam for the advanced class. This process often took students a month, but Picasso completed it in a week, and the impressed jury admitted Picasso, who was still 13. The student lacked discipline but made friendships that would affect him in later life. His father rented him a small room close to home so Picasso could work alone, yet Ruiz checked up on him numerous times a day, judging his son’s drawings. The two argued frequently.

Picasso’s father and uncle decided to send the young artist to Madrid’s Royal Academy of San Fernando, the foremost art school in the country. The Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, located on the Calle de Alcalá in the heart of Madrid, currently functions as a museum and gallery [4] In 1897, Picasso, age 16, set off for the first time on his own. Yet his difficulties accepting formal instruction led him to stop attending class soon after enrollment. Madrid, however, held many other attractions: the Prado housed paintings by the venerable Diego Velázquez, Francisco Goya, and Francisco Zurbarán. PRADO is a component-based and event-driven Web application framework for PHP 5 Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez ( June 6, 1599 &ndash August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading Francisco de Zurbarán ( November 7 1598 &ndash August 27 1664) was a Spanish painter. Picasso especially admired the works of El Greco; their elements, like elongated limbs, arresting colors, and mystical visages, are echoed in Picasso’s œuvre. El Greco' ("The Greek " 1541 &ndash April 7 1614 was a painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance

Personal life

After studying art in Madrid, Picasso made his first trip to Paris in 1900, then the art capital of Europe. There, he met his first Parisian friend, the journalist and poet Max Jacob, who helped Picasso learn the language and its literature. Max Jacob ( July 12, 1876 &ndash March 5, 1944) was a French Poet, painter, Writer, and critic Soon they shared an apartment; Max slept at night while Picasso slept during the day and worked at night. These were times of severe poverty, cold, and desperation. Much of his work had to be burned to keep the small room warm. In Madrid in 1901, Picasso and his anarchist friend Francisco de Asís Soler founded the magazine Arte Joven (Young Art), which published five issues. Soler solicited articles and Picasso illustrated the journal, mostly contributing grim cartoons depicting and sympathizing with the state of the poor. From that day, he started to sign his work simply Picasso, while before he had signed Pablo Ruiz y Picasso.

In the early twentieth century, Picasso divided his time between Barcelona and Paris. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia In 1904, in the middle of a storm, he met Fernande Olivier, a Bohemian artist who became his mistress. [5] Olivier appears in many of his Rose period paintings. After acquiring fame and some fortune, Picasso left Olivier for Marcelle Humbert, whom he called Eva. Picasso included declarations of his love for Eva in many Cubist works.

In Paris, Picasso entertained a distinguished coterie of friends in the Montmartre and Montparnasse quarters, including André Breton, poet Guillaume Apollinaire, writer Alfred Jarry, and Gertrude Stein. Montmartre is a hill (the butte Montmartre) which is 130 metres high giving its name to the surrounding district in the north of Paris in the 18th Montparnasse is an area of Paris, France, on the left bank of the river Seine, centred on the intersection of the Boulevard du Montparnasse André Breton (in French ɑ̃dʀe bʀəˈtɔ̃ ( February 19, 1896 &ndash September 28, 1966) was a French Writer, Guillaume Apollinaire (in French ɡijom apɔliˈnɛʁ ( August 26, 1880 &ndash November 9, 1918) was a French Poet Alfred Jarry ( 8 September 1873 &ndash 1 November 1907) was a French Writer born in Laval, Mayenne Gertrude Stein ( February 3, 1874 &ndash July 27, 1946) was an American Writer who spent most of her life in France Apollinaire was arrested on suspicion of stealing the Mona Lisa from the Louvre in 1911. Art theft is the Theft of Art. This is usually done for the purpose of resale or Ransom; occasionally thieves are also commissioned Mona Lisa (also known as La Gioconda) is a 16th century portrait painted in oil on a Poplar panel by The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Apollonaire pointed to his friend Picasso, who was also brought in for questioning, but both were later exonerated. [6]

Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, c. 1920
Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, c. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to 1920

He maintained a number of mistresses in addition to his wife or primary partner. Picasso was married twice and had four children by three women. In the summer of 1918, Picasso married Olga Khokhlova, a ballerina with Sergei Diaghilev’s troupe, for whom Picasso was designing a ballet, Parade, in Rome; and they spent their honeymoon in the villa near Biarritz of the glamorous Chilean art patron Eugenia Errázuriz. Olga Khokhlova ((О́льга Степа́нівна Хо́хлова О́льга Степа́новна Хо́хлова June 17, 1891, Nizhyn, Sergei Pavlovich Diaghilev (Серге́й Па́влович Дя́гилев / Sergei Pavlovich Dyagilev) also referred to as Serge, ( March 31, Parade is a Ballet with Music by Erik Satie and a one-act scenario by Jean Cocteau. Eugenia Huici Arguedas de Errázuriz ( 15 September, 1860 - 1951 was a Chilean patron of modernism and a style leader of Paris from 1880 into the 20th century Khokhlova introduced Picasso to high society, formal dinner parties, and all the social niceties attendant on the life of the rich in 1920s Paris. The two had a son, Paulo, who would grow up to be a dissolute motorcycle racer and chauffeur to his father. Khokhlova’s insistence on social propriety clashed with Picasso’s bohemian tendencies and the two lived in a state of constant conflict. The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists During the same period that Picasso collaborated with Diaghilev’s troup, he and Igor Stravinsky collaborated on Pulcinella in 1920. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (Игорь Фёдорович Стравинский) ( &ndash 6 April 1971 was a Russian born Composer, considered by many to Pulcinella is a Ballet by Igor Stravinsky based on an 18th-century play — Pulcinella is a character originating from Commedia dell'arte Picasso took the opportunity to make several sketches of the composer. In 1927 Picasso met 17 year old Marie-Thérèse Walter and began a secret affair with her. Thérèse Walter ( July 13, 1909, Le Perreux, France, - October 20, 1977, Juan-les-Pins, France) was Picasso’s marriage to Khokhlova soon ended in separation rather than divorce, as French law required an even division of property in the case of divorce, and Picasso did not want Khokhlova to have half his wealth. The two remained legally married until Khokhlova’s death in 1955. Picasso carried on a long-standing affair with Marie-Thérèse Walter and fathered a daughter, Maia, with her. Thérèse Walter ( July 13, 1909, Le Perreux, France, - October 20, 1977, Juan-les-Pins, France) was Marie-Thérèse lived in the vain hope that Picasso would one day marry her, and hanged herself four years after Picasso’s death.

Dora Maar au Chat, 1941
Dora Maar au Chat, 1941

The photographer and painter Dora Maar was also a constant companion and lover of Picasso. Dora Maar au Chat ( Dora Maar with Cat) is a 1941 painting by Pablo Picasso. Henriette Theodora Markovitch alias Dora Maar ( November 22 1907 &ndash July 16 1997) was a French Photographer, Poet The two were closest in the late 1930s and early 1940s and it was Maar who documented the painting of Guernica. Guernica is a monumental Painting by Pablo Picasso, depicting the Nazi German Bombing of Guernica, Spain by twenty-eight

During the Second World War, Picasso remained in Paris while the Germans occupied the city. Picasso’s artistic style did not fit the Nazi views of art, so he was not able to show his works during this time. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Retreating to his studio, he continued to paint all the while. Although the Germans outlawed bronze casting in Paris, Picasso continued regardless, using bronze smuggled to him by the French resistance. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus The French Resistance is the collective name used for the French Resistance movements which fought against the Nazi German

After the liberation of Paris in 1944, Picasso began to keep company with a young art student, Françoise Gilot. The Liberation of Paris' (also known as Battle for Paris) took place during World War II from 19 August 1944 until the surrender of Françoise Gilot (born 1921 is a French born painter and is known as a companion of Picasso between 1944 and 1953 The two eventually became lovers, and had two children together, Claude and Paloma. Paloma Picasso (born April 19, 1949, Vallauris, France) is a French/Spanish Fashion designer Unique among Picasso’s women, Gilot left Picasso in 1953, allegedly because of abusive treatment and infidelities. See also Adultery Infidelity can be defined as any violation of the mutually agreed-upon rules or boundaries of a relationship and is a breach of faith in an inter-personal This came as a severe blow to Picasso.

He went through a difficult period after Gilot’s departure, coming to terms with his advancing age and his perception that, now in his 70s, he was no longer attractive, but rather grotesque to young women. A number of ink drawings from this period explore this theme of the hideous old dwarf as buffoonish counterpoint to the beautiful young girl, including several from a six-week affair with Geneviève Laporte, who in June 2005 auctioned off the drawings Picasso made of her. Genevieve Laporte (born in 1926 in Paris) was one of Pablo Picasso 's last lovers

Picasso was not long in finding another lover, Jacqueline Roque. She worked at the Madoura Pottery in Vallauris on the French Riviera, where Picasso made and painted ceramics. The two remained together for the rest of Picasso’s life, marrying in 1961. Their marriage was also the means of one last act of revenge against Gilot. Gilot had been seeking a legal means to legitimize her children with Picasso, Claude and Paloma. With Picasso’s encouragement, she had arranged to divorce her then husband, Luc Simon, and marry Picasso to secure her children’s rights. Picasso then secretly married Roque after Gilot had filed for divorce in order to exact his revenge for her leaving him.

Picasso had constructed a huge gothic structure and could afford large villas in the south of France, at Notre-dame-de-vie on the outskirts of Mougins, in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur. See also Gothic art Gothic architecture is a style of Architecture which flourished during the high and late medieval period. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (PACA ( Provençal Occitan: Provença-Aups-Còsta d'Azur in classical norm or Prouvènço-Aup-Costo d'Azur in Mistralian By this time he was a celebrity, and there was often as much interest in his personal life as his art.

In addition to his manifold artistic accomplishments, Picasso had a film career, including a cameo appearance in Jean Cocteau’s Testament of Orpheus. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Picasso always played himself in his film appearances. In 1955 he helped make the film Le Mystère Picasso (The Mystery of Picasso) directed by Henri-Georges Clouzot. Henri-Georges Clouzot ( November 20, 1907 - January 12, 1977) was a French Film director, Screenwriter and

Pablo Picasso died on April 8, 1973 in Mougins, France, while he and his wife Jacqueline entertained friends for dinner. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Mougins is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. His final words were “Drink to me, drink to my health, you know I can’t drink any more. ”[7] He was interred at Castle Vauvenargues’ park, in Vauvenargues, Bouches-du-Rhône. Vauvenargues is a commune in the Bouches-du-Rhône département in southern France. Bouches-du-Rhône ( Occitan: Bocas de Ròse, lit "Mouths of the Rhône River" is a department in the south of France named after the Jacqueline Roque prevented his children Claude and Paloma from attending the funeral. [8]

Political views

Pablo Picasso, Massacre in Korea, 1951
Pablo Picasso, Massacre in Korea, 1951

Picasso remained neutral during World War I, the Spanish Civil War, and World War II, refusing to fight for any side or country. Massacre in Korea was painted by the Spanish master Pablo Picasso in 1951 World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Some of his contemporaries felt that his pacifism had more to do with cowardice than principle. An article in the New Yorker called him “a coward, who sat out two world wars while his friends were suffering and dying”. [9] As a Spanish citizen living in France, Picasso was under no compulsion to fight against the invading Germans in either World War. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. In the Spanish Civil War, service for Spaniards living abroad was optional and would have involved a voluntary return to the country to join either side. While Picasso expressed anger and condemnation of Francisco Franco and fascists through his art, he did not take up arms against them. Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde (born December 4, 1892 in Ferrol, died November 20, 1975 in Madrid Fascism is a totalitarian nationalist and corporatist ideology He also remained aloof from the Catalan independence movement during his youth despite expressing general support and being friendly with activists within it. Catalonia (Cataluña Catalunya Aranese: Catalonha) is an Autonomous Community in the northeast part of Spain.

In 1944 Picasso joined the French Communist Party, attended an international peace conference in Poland, and in 1950 received the Stalin Peace Prize from the Soviet government. The French Communist Party ( French: Parti communiste français or PCF) is a political party in France which advocates the principles of Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The International Stalin Prize or the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples (renamed Международная Ленинская премия «За [10] But party criticism of a portrait of Stalin as insufficiently realistic cooled Picasso’s interest in communist politics, though he remained a loyal member of the Communist Party until his death. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party In a 1945 interview with Jerome Seckler, Picasso stated: “I am a Communist and my painting is Communist painting. … But if I were a shoemaker, Royalist or Communist or anything else, I would not necessarily hammer my shoes in a special way to show my politics. ”[11] He was against the intervention of the United Nations and the United States[12] in the Korean civil war and he depicted it in Massacre in Korea. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the Massacre in Korea was painted by the Spanish master Pablo Picasso in 1951 In 1962, he received the International Lenin Peace Prize. The International Stalin Prize or the International Stalin Prize for Strengthening Peace Among Peoples (renamed Международная Ленинская премия «За

Art

Picasso’s work is often categorized into periods. While the names of many of his later periods are debated, the most commonly accepted periods in his work are the Blue Period (1901–1904), the Rose Period (1905–1907), the African-influenced Period (1908–1909), Analytic Cubism (1909–1912), and Synthetic Cubism (1912–1919). The Blue Period (Periodo Azul of Picasso is the period between 1900 and 1904 when he painted essentially monochromatic paintings in shades of blue and blue-green The Rose Period signifies the time when the style of Pablo Picasso 's painting used cheerful orange and Pink colours in contrast to the cool somber tones Picasso's African Period, which lasted from 1907 to 1909 was the period when Pablo Picasso painted in a style which was strongly influenced by African Sculpture Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European

In 1939–40 the Museum of Modern Art in New York City, under its director Alfred Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, held a major and highly successful retrospective of his principal works up until that time. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth The City of New York Alfred Hamilton Barr Jr ( January 2, 1902 &ndash August 15, 1981) known as Alfred H This exhibition lionized the artist, brought into full public view in America the scope of his artistry, and resulted in a reinterpretation of his work by contemporary art historians and scholars. [13]

Before 1901

Picasso’s training under his father began before 1890. His progress can be traced in the collection of early works now held by the Museu Picasso in Barcelona, which provides one of the most comprehensive records extant of any major artist’s beginnings. This article refers to the museum in Barcelona. There are a number of other Picasso museums. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia [14] During 1893 the juvenile quality of his earliest work falls away, and by 1894 his career as a painter can be said to have begun. [15] The academic realism apparent in the works of the mid-1890s is well displayed in The First Communion (1896), a large composition that depicts his sister, Lola. In the same year, at the age of 14, he painted Portrait of Aunt Pepa, a vigorous and dramatic portrait that Juan-Eduardo Cirlot has called “without a doubt one of the greatest in the whole history of Spanish painting. ”[16]

In 1897 his realism became tinged with Symbolist influence, in a series of landscape paintings rendered in non naturalistic violet and green tones. Symbolism was a late nineteenth-century Art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts What some call his Modernist period (1899–1900) followed. His exposure to the work of Rossetti, Steinlen, Toulouse-Lautrec and Edvard Munch, combined with his admiration for favorite old masters such as El Greco, led Picasso to a personal version of modernism in his works of this period. Dante Gabriel Rossetti (12 May 1828 – 9 April 1882 was an English poet Illustrator, painter and Translator. Théophile Alexandre Steinlen, frequently referred to as just Steinlen ( November 10, 1859 – December 13, 1923) was a Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (ɑ̃ʁi dø tuluz loˈtʁɛk (24 November 1864 &ndash 9 September 1901 was a French painter, printmaker, draftsman Edvard Munch (mʉŋk December 12, 1863 – January 23, 1944) was a Norwegian Symbolist painter, Printmaker El Greco' ("The Greek " 1541 &ndash April 7 1614 was a painter, sculptor, and architect of the Spanish Renaissance [17]

Blue Period

Femme aux Bras Croisés, 1902
Femme aux Bras Croisés, 1902
For more details on this topic, see Picasso's Blue Period. Femme aux Bras Croisés ( Woman with Folded Arms) is a painting by Pablo Picasso done in 1902 during his Blue Period. The Blue Period (Periodo Azul of Picasso is the period between 1900 and 1904 when he painted essentially monochromatic paintings in shades of blue and blue-green

Picasso’s Blue Period (1901–1904) consists of somber paintings rendered in shades of blue and blue-green, only occasionally warmed by other colors. This period’s starting point is uncertain; it may have begun in Spain in the spring of 1901, or in Paris in the second half of the year. [18] Many paintings of gaunt mothers with children date from this period. In his austere use of color and sometimes doleful subject matter—prostitutes and beggars are frequent subjects—Picasso was influenced by a trip through Spain and by the suicide of his friend Carlos Casagemas. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. "Beggar" redirects here Distinguish from Begga and Bega. Starting in autumn of 1901 he painted several posthumous portraits of Casagemas, culminating in the gloomy allegorical painting La Vie (1903), now in the Cleveland Museum of Art. The Cleveland Museum of Art (CMA is an Art museum in the University Circle neighborhood of Cleveland Ohio. [19]

The same mood pervades the well-known etching The Frugal Repast (1904), which depicts a blind man and a sighted woman, both emaciated, seated at a nearly bare table. Blindness is a recurrent theme in Picasso’s works of this period, also represented in The Blindman’s Meal (1903, the Metropolitan Museum of Art) and in the portrait of Celestina (1903). The Metropolitan Museum of Art is an art museum located on the eastern edge of Central Park, along what is known as Museum Mile in New York City, Other works include Portrait of Soler and Portrait of Suzanne Bloch‎. Portrait of Suzanne Bloch is a painting by the Spanish artist Pablo Picasso, executed in Paris in 1904 towards the end of his blue period

Rose Period

For more details on this topic, see Picasso's Rose Period. The Rose Period signifies the time when the style of Pablo Picasso 's painting used cheerful orange and Pink colours in contrast to the cool somber tones

The Rose Period (1904–1906)[20] is characterized by a more cheery style with orange and pink colors, and featuring many acrobats and harlequins. Harlequin ( Arlecchino in Italian, Arlequin in French) is the most popular of the Zanni or comic servant characters from The harlequin, a comedic character usually depicted in checkered patterned clothing, became a personal symbol for Picasso. Picasso met Fernande Olivier, a model for sculptors and artists, in Paris in 1904, and many of these paintings are influenced by his warm relationship with her, in addition to his increased exposure to French painting. The generally upbeat and optimistic mood of paintings in this period is reminiscent of the 1899–1901 period (i. e. just prior to the Blue Period) and 1904 can be considered a transition year between the two periods.

African-influenced Period

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Museum of Modern Art, New York
Les Demoiselles d'Avignon (1907), Museum of Modern Art, New York
For more details on this topic, see Picasso's African Period. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( The Young Ladies of Avignon) is a large Oil painting by Pablo Picasso that depicts five Prostitutes The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Picasso's African Period, which lasted from 1907 to 1909 was the period when Pablo Picasso painted in a style which was strongly influenced by African Sculpture

Picasso’s African-influenced Period (1907–1909) begins with the two figures on the right in his painting, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, which were inspired by African artifacts. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon ( The Young Ladies of Avignon) is a large Oil painting by Pablo Picasso that depicts five Prostitutes Formal ideas developed during this period lead directly into the Cubist period that follows.

Cubism

Three Musicians (1921), Museum of Modern Art
Three Musicians (1921), Museum of Modern Art

Analytic cubism (1909–1912) is a style of painting Picasso developed along with Georges Braque using monochrome brownish and neutral colours. Three Musicians is the title of two Similar Oil paintings by Spanish Artist Pablo Picasso. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth Cubism was a 20th century Avant-garde Art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European Georges Braque ( May 13, 1882 &ndash August 31, 1963) was a major 20th century French painter and sculptor Both artists took apart objects and “analyzed” them in terms of their shapes. Picasso and Braque’s paintings at this time have many similarities. Synthetic cubism (1912–1919) was a further development of the genre, in which cut paper fragments—often wallpaper or portions of newspaper pages—were pasted into compositions, marking the first use of collage in fine art. A collage (From the coller to glue is a work of formal art primarily in the Visual arts, made from an assemblage of different forms thus creating a new whole

Classicism and surrealism

In the period following the upheaval of World War I, Picasso produced work in a neoclassical style. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Neoclassicism (sometimes rendered as Neo-Classicism or Neo-classicism) is the name given to quite distinct movements in the decorative and This “return to order” is evident in the work of many European artists in the 1920s, including André Derain, Giorgio de Chirico, and the artists of the New Objectivity movement. André Derain ( June 10, 1880 – September 8, 1954) was a French painter and co-founder of Fauvism with Henri Matisse Giorgio de Chirico ( July 10, 1888 &ndash November 20, 1978) was an influential pre-Surrealist and then Surrealist The New Objectivity, or Neue Sachlichkeit (new dispassion was an art movement that arose in Germany in the early 1920s as an outgrowth of and in opposition to Picasso’s paintings and drawings from this period frequently recall the work of Ingres.

During the 1930s, the minotaur replaced the harlequin as a common motif in his work. In Greek mythology, the Minotaur ( Greek:, Mīnṓtauros) was a creature that was part man and part bull. His use of the minotaur came partly from his contact with the surrealists, who often used it as their symbol, and it appears in Picasso’s Guernica. Surrealism is a cultural movement that began in the early-1920s and is best known for the visual artworks and writings of the group members

Guernica, 1937, Museo Reina Sofia
Guernica, 1937, Museo Reina Sofia

Arguably Picasso’s most famous work is his depiction of the German bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War — Guernica. Guernica is a monumental Painting by Pablo Picasso, depicting the Nazi German Bombing of Guernica, Spain by twenty-eight The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS is the official name of Spain 's national Museum of 20th century Art (informally shortened to The bombing of Guernica ( April 26, 1937) was an aerial attack on the Basque town of Guernica, causing widespread destruction and The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict in Spain that started after an attempted Coup d'état committed by parts of the army against the government of Guernica is a monumental Painting by Pablo Picasso, depicting the Nazi German Bombing of Guernica, Spain by twenty-eight This large canvas embodies for many the inhumanity, brutality and hopelessness of war. Asked to explain its symbolism, Picasso said, “It isn’t up to the painter to define the symbols. Otherwise it would be better if he wrote them out in so many words! The public who look at the picture must interpret the symbols as they understand them. ”[21]

Guernica hung in New York’s Museum of Modern Art for many years. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth In 1981 Guernica was returned to Spain and exhibited at the Casón del Buen Retiro. In 1992 the painting hung in Madrid’s Reina Sofía Museum when it opened. The Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía (MNCARS is the official name of Spain 's national Museum of 20th century Art (informally shortened to

Later works

Picasso sculpture in Chicago
Picasso sculpture in Chicago

Picasso was one of 250 sculptors who exhibited in the 3rd Sculpture International held at the Philadelphia Museum of Art in the summer of 1949. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. 3rd Sculpture International was an exhibition of sculpture that included works from 250 sculptors from around the world The Philadelphia Museum of Art, located at the west end of the Benjamin Franklin Parkway in Philadelphia 's Fairmount Park, was established in 1876 In the 1950s, Picasso’s style changed once again, as he took to producing reinterpretations of the art of the great masters. He made a series of works based on Velazquez’s painting of Las Meninas. Diego Rodríguez de Silva y Velázquez ( June 6, 1599 &ndash August 6, 1660) was a Spanish painter who was the leading Las Meninas ( Spanish for The Maids of Honour) is a 1656 painting by Diego Velázquez (1599–1660 the leading artist of the He also based paintings on works by Goya, Poussin, Manet, Courbet and Delacroix. Nicolas Poussin (15 June 1594 – 19 November 1665 was a French painter in the classical style For the French Admiral see Admiral Courbet (1828-1885 Jean Désiré Gustave Courbet ( 10 June 1819 &ndash Ferdinand Victor Eugène Delacroix (26 April 1798 &ndash 13 August 1863 was a French Romantic artist regarded from the outset of his career as the leader of

Nude Woman with a Necklace (1968), Tate
Nude Woman with a Necklace (1968), Tate

He was commissioned to make a maquette for a huge 50-foot (15 m)-high public sculpture to be built in Chicago, known usually as the Chicago Picasso. Tate is the United Kingdom 's national museum of British and Modern Art and is a network of four art galleries in England: Tate Britain (opened in This article is about the architectural or sculptural model For the Italian animator please see Bruno Bozzetto. The term public art properly refers to works of Art in any media that has been planned and executed with the specific intention of being sited Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Chicago Picasso (often just The Picasso) is an untitled monumental sculpture by Pablo Picasso in Chicago Illinois. He approached the project with a great deal of enthusiasm, designing a sculpture which was ambiguous and somewhat controversial. What the figure represents is not known; it could be a bird, a horse, a woman or a totally abstract shape. The sculpture, one of the most recognizable landmarks in downtown Chicago, was unveiled in 1967. Picasso refused to be paid $100,000 for it, donating it to the people of the city.

Picasso’s final works were a mixture of styles, his means of expression in constant flux until the end of his life. Devoting his full energies to his work, Picasso became more daring, his works more colourful and expressive, and from 1968 through 1971 he produced a torrent of paintings and hundreds of copperplate etchings. At the time these works were dismissed by most as pornographic fantasies of an impotent old man or the slapdash works of an artist who was past his prime. Only later, after Picasso’s death, when the rest of the art world had moved on from abstract expressionism, did the critical community come to see that Picasso had already discovered neo-expressionism and was, as so often before, ahead of his time. Neo-expressionism was a style of modern Painting that emerged in the late 1970s and dominated the art market until the mid-1980s

Commemoration and legacy

Picasso sculpture in Halmstad
Picasso sculpture in Halmstad

At the time of his death many of his paintings were in his possession, as he had kept off the art market what he didn’t need to sell. Halmstad is a port university industrial and recreational city at the mouth of the Nissan River in the province of Halland on the In addition, Picasso had a considerable collection of the work of other famous artists, some his contemporaries, such as Henri Matisse, with whom he had exchanged works. Henri Matisse (31 December 1869 – 3 November 1954 was a French Artist, known for his use of Colour and his fluid brilliant and original draughtsmanship Since Picasso left no will, his death duties (estate tax) to the French state were paid in the form of his works and others from his collection. These works form the core of the immense and representative collection of the Musée Picasso in Paris. This article refers to the museum in Paris. There are a number of other Musée Picasso. In 2003, relatives of Picasso inaugurated a museum dedicated to him in his birthplace, Málaga, Spain, the Museo Picasso Málaga.

The Museu Picasso in Barcelona features many of Picasso’s early works, created while he was living in Spain, including many rarely seen works which reveal Picasso’s firm grounding in classical techniques. This article refers to the museum in Barcelona. There are a number of other Picasso museums. Barcelona ( Catalan bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish baɾθeˈlona is the capital and most populous city of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia The museum also holds many precise and detailed figure studies done in his youth under his father’s tutelage, as well as the extensive collection of Jaime Sabartés, Picasso’s close friend from his Barcelona days who, for many years, was Picasso’s personal secretary.

The film Surviving Picasso was made about Picasso in 1996, as seen through the eyes of Françoise Gilot. Surviving Picasso is a 1996 Merchant Ivory Film starring Anthony Hopkins as the famous painter Pablo Picasso. Françoise Gilot (born 1921 is a French born painter and is known as a companion of Picasso between 1944 and 1953 Anthony Hopkins played Picasso in the movie. Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins, CBE (born 31 December 1937 is a Welsh Film, stage and Television Actor.

Value of paintings

Some paintings by Picasso rank among the most expensive paintings in the world. This is a list of the highest prices paid for Paintings Very valuable paintings if sold are usually sold at Auctions.

As of 2004, Picasso remains the top ranked artist (based on sales of his works at auctions) according to the Art Market Trends report. (pdf)

Children

Notes

  1. ^ Wertenbaker, 9. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar Events 70 - Titus and his Roman Legions breach the middle wall of Jerusalem in the Siege of Jerusalem Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Olga Khokhlova ((О́льга Степа́нівна Хо́хлова О́льга Степа́новна Хо́хлова June 17, 1891, Nizhyn, Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Thérèse Walter ( July 13, 1909, Le Perreux, France, - October 20, 1977, Juan-les-Pins, France) was Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 1947 ( MCMXLVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Françoise Gilot (born 1921 is a French born painter and is known as a companion of Picasso between 1944 and 1953 Paloma Picasso (born April 19, 1949, Vallauris, France) is a French/Spanish Fashion designer Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Françoise Gilot (born 1921 is a French born painter and is known as a companion of Picasso between 1944 and 1953
  2. ^ Wertenbaker, 11.
  3. ^ Picasso: Creator and Destroyer - 88.06
  4. ^ a b Wertenbaker, 13.
  5. ^ Picasso: Creator and Destroyer - 88.06
  6. ^ Time Magazine, STEALING THE MONA LISA, 1911. Consulted on August 15, 2007.
  7. ^ http://www.digital-karma.org/culture/quotes/famous-peoples-last-words accessed online August 15, 2007
  8. ^ [1],The Rich Die Richer and You Can too by William D. Zabel, Published 1996 John Wiley and Sons, p. 11. ISBN 0471155322 Accessed online August 15, 2007
  9. ^ Fenton, James (2000). Leonardo’s Nephew: Essays on Art and Artists. University of Chicago Press, 185. ISBN 0226241475.  
  10. ^ Picasso’s Party Line, ARTnews [2] Retrieved May 31, 2007.
  11. ^ (1988) Picasso on Art: A Selection of Views. Da Capo Press, 140. ISBN 0306803305.  
  12. ^ Picasso A Retrospective, Museum of Modern Art, edited by William Rubin, copyright MoMA 1980, p. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA is an art museum located in Midtown Manhattan in New York City, USA, on 53rd Street between Fifth 383
  13. ^ The MoMA retrospective of 1939–40 — see Michael FitzGerald, Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995. (pp. 243–62)
  14. ^ Cirlot,1972, p. 6
  15. ^ Cirlot, 1972, p. 14
  16. ^ Cirlot, 1972, p. 37
  17. ^ Cirlot, 1972, p. 87–108.
  18. ^ Cirlot, 1972, p. 127.
  19. ^ Wattenmaker, Distel, et al. ,1993, p. 304
  20. ^ Wattenmaker, Distel, et al. ,1993, p. 194
  21. ^ Guernica Introduction
  22. ^ Picasso portrait sells for $95.2 million. Retrieved on May 4, 2006. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.

References

External links

Museums

Picasso Museum, Paris, (Hotel Salé, 1659)
Picasso Museum, Paris, (Hotel Salé, 1659)

Essays


Persondata
NAME Picasso, Pablo
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Pablo Ruiz y Picasso
SHORT DESCRIPTION Spanish painter and sculptor
DATE OF BIRTH October 25, 1881
PLACE OF BIRTH Málaga, Spain
DATE OF DEATH April 8, 1973
PLACE OF DEATH Mougins, France
Samizdat was an international poetry magazine published in Chicago from 1998 until 2004 and edited by the poet Robert Archambeau. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Mougins is a commune in the Alpes-Maritimes department in southeastern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
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