Citizendia
Your Ad Here


PBS idents are the television idents used by the US Public Broadcasting Service. Station identification (sometimes called a sounder or stinger) is the practice of any type of Radio or Television station or network The Public Broadcasting Service ( PBS) is a Non-profit Public broadcasting Television service with 354 member TV stations in the Programs distributed to its member stations end with an identification including the network's name and logo and often a voiceover, known in the industry as a "system cue". Station identification (sometimes called a sounder or stinger) is the practice of any type of Radio or Television station or network Station identification (sometimes called a sounder or stinger) is the practice of any type of Radio or Television station or network Prior to 1984 the logo was usually displayed on-screen for eight seconds; since then the logo has appeared on-screen for five seconds.

Contents

National Educational Television idents

1st ID

The original ident for National Educational Television was used from November 1952 to October 1962. It was a simple still shot of the network's logo -- the letters "NET" with a strangely-slanted roof coming out of the top-right of the "T" and hanging over the "N" and the "E," with a small antenna sticking out over the "N. " There are also strange "stars" all over the screen. Meanwhile, an announcer (believed by some to be Edward R. Murrow) says, "This is National Educational Television. Edward R Murrow (born Egbert Roscoe Murrow; April 25 1908 &ndash April 27 1965) was an American journalist "

2nd ID

For the television static, fuzz screen logo identification for NET, the 2nd logo from 1955, the male announcer proclaimed: "This is N-E-T, The National Educational Television Network".

3rd ID

This identity is rather rare, and only known to exist in black and white. It was used from 1966 to 1968. First, gray dots appear and disappear rapidly. A white circle is drawn around the dots and several curved vertical and horizontal lines cover the circle to create an image of a globe. A small live-action fire appears in the globe. Several white lines appear under the globe to make the letters "NET". The globe ultimately winds up on top of the "T". The music playing in the background during the animation is industrious-sounding. When the animation is complete, an announcer says, "This is N-E-T, the National Educational Television network. "


4th ID

Introduced in 1968, this was National Educational Television's best known ID.

A red block sets down from the left side of the screen, then, a yellow block rises up from the center of the screen and a blue block sets down from the right side of the screen. Afterwards, the blocks turn into the letters "N-E-T" before coming closer to each other. Then a man's voice would say "This is N-E-T, the National Educational Television network. " As he says this, the words 'National Educational Television' appears above the NET logo and bends to form a roof with an antenna on it, which connects the T.

The color version followed the same principle, except that the announcer (believed to be longtime ABC staff announcer Fred Foy) would say "This is N-E-T, the Public Television Network. The American Broadcasting Company ( ABC) is an American Television network. Fred Foy (born March 27, 1921 in Detroit Michigan) is an American actor and voice specialist " As this is said, a blue line (which replaced the words above "N-E-T") was drawn above the letters, and was bent to form its usual position. This was used from 1969 until the forced merger with New York station WNDT-TV in October 1970, officially disbanding the network. The City of New York WNET, channel 13 is a television station licensed to Newark New Jersey. Both logos were used on Sesame Street and Mr. Rogers Neighborhood (with the latter, the logo was superimposed into a building within the model set at the beginning and end of each program and still remained in reruns well into the 80s). Mister Rogers' Neighborhood or Mister Rogers is an American Children's television series that was created and hosted by

The music was a choppy synth composed by Eric Siday, who also did the synth for the Screen Gems ID of the period (referred to by some as the "S from Hell") and for CBS's color programming ID, which sounds somewhat similar. Eric Siday (November 1 1905 near London, England UK –March 25 1976 in New York, New York USA was a composer and musician Screen Gems is an American subsidiary company of Sony Pictures Entertainment 's Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group that has served several different

Main network idents

Note on logo dates: The given ending dates are only the time they ceased to be current; in some cases, they have appeared on television concurrently with later logos on reruns of older programs.

1st ident

On October 5, 1970, Macdonald Carey (known as Dr. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Edward Macdonald Carey ( March 15, 1913 – March 21, 1994) was an American Actor, best known for his role as the Patriarch Tom Horton on Days of Our Lives) said to America, "This is PBS, the Public Broadcasting Service. Days of Our Lives is an American Soap opera, which has aired nearly every weekday since November 8 1965 on the NBC network in the United " This ident served the network for its first year. The picture was simply a still with the words PUBLIC, BROADCASTING, and SERVICE, set in Helvetica and displayed in red, yellow, and blue, respectively, all center-justified. Helvetica is the name of a widely used Sans-serif Typeface developed in 1957 by Swiss Typeface designer Max Miedinger. During this ident's time, it served as a filler for the NET ident, and both were used until the second PBS ident was introduced.

2nd ident

In the October 4, 1971, PBS introduced the long-running "people" ident, which is still recognizable today. Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. This features cel-animated tricolor letters that assemble onscreen to form the logo, similarly to other production logos from that era such as those from MTM Enterprises. MTM Enterprises was an independent production company established in 1969 by Mary Tyler Moore and her then-husband Grant Tinker to produce The

This logo starts with a blue 'P' on the upper-mid screen, which takes on the shape of a face in profile and moves left. Soon after, an orange 'B' and then a green 'S' appear, with dots punched out to form the letters. In tandem with the letters appearing, the words "PUBLIC BROADCASTING SERVICE" appear individually at the bottom of the screen, left-justified, in tandem with the initials appearing.

This ident, created by Paul Alan Levi, used a bold Moog-synthesized score which began with a rapidly descending, telephone-like scale, followed by four warm, heavily synthesized notes. The term Moog (ˈmoʊg as in 'vogue' Synthesizer can refer to any number of Analog synthesizers designed by Dr This was the first ident with no announcer.

The logo was used from all PBS programming until the third PBS ident debuted in 1984. However, it appeared on reruns for several years afterwards, as well as on present-day DVD sets such as Sesame Street: Old School and Best of The Electric Company. Sesame Street Old School is the title of a series of DVD releases produced by Sesame Workshop. The Electric Company is an educational American Children's television series which was produced by the Children's Television Workshop


3rd ident

The 3rd PBS ident. Used from 1984 to 1989.
The 3rd PBS ident. Used from 1984 to 1989.

On October 1, 1984, the logo introduced a signature with a logotype and graphic symbol. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) The PBS (Public Broadcasting Service) signature was developed by Chermayeff & Geismar [1]. Chermayeff & Geismar is a prominent New York-based graphic design firm The new mark was developed to overcome a serious problem with the prior identity, which focused solely on the initials. Using a stylized profile of the human face, which also recalls the initial P in the prior mark, it repeats the profile three times, playfully putting the "public" in public television.

The letters PBS below the symbol are set in a slab serif typeface. The music (composed by Jonathan Elias) accompanying this logo is a majestic piano chord accompanied by some pizzicato tones, then a softer version of the piano chord. Jonathan Elias (born 1956 is an American Composer and Record producer, known for his movie soundtracks production for several pop and rock acts and his Pizzicato (ˌpɪtsɪˈkɑːtoʊ is a playing technique that involves plucking the strings of a String instrument. Again, there is no announcer.

4th ident

The 4th PBS ident. Used from 1989 to 1992.
The 4th PBS ident. Used from 1989 to 1992.

The logo was remodeled to its fourth format on October 2, 1989; the first to implement computer-generated imagery. Events 1187 - Siege of Jerusalem: Saladin captures Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader rule Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Computer animation Computer-generated imagery (also known as CGI) is the application of the field of Computer graphics or more specifically 3D computer graphics In the ident, the P-head first used in the previous logo appears by rotating from the left edge of the screen, leaving a trail, then filling the screen. After the logo trail finishes rotating, a group of five lines streak across the bottom of the screen leaving behind the PBS text in very small letters on the lower-left corner. The music consists of a bell string, followed by actor Liam Neeson's voice saying "This is PBS". William John "Liam" Neeson OBE (born June 7, 1952) is an Irish Actor.


5th ident

The 5th PBS ident. Used from 1992 to 1996.
The 5th PBS ident. Used from 1992 to 1996.

Introduced March 2, 1992, the fifth PBS identity might appear on prints from local PBS stations, but is otherwise rather rare. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good The animated variant has a glass circle appearing and disappearing with faces of various people before being consumed by the eye of the P-head zooming out. The bouncing ball animation (below consists of these 6 frames Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many The P-head is orange in an orange environment similar to the pink environment of the alternate, and the familiar "PBS" text spins in, white and in typewriter. Installation art uses sculptural materials and other media to modify the way a particular space is experienced A typewriter is a mechanical or Electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that when pressed cause characters to be printed on a medium Perhaps in a backlash against the proliferation of computer-generated animated IDs, this version was created traditionally on film. The P-head is frosted glass, the PBS text is rotated into place by rods beneath a rostrum. A non-animated variant appeared on a few shows, such as Triumph of the Nerds. The music, composed by Peter Fish, is jazzy, with a female voice singing in the background. The announcer this time, Maximilian Schell, says "This is P-B-S". Maximilian Schell (born December 8, 1930) is an Academy Award -winning Austrian Actor. On the non-animated variant seen on Triumph of the Nerds, the announcer is different (the still variant's announcer being Liam Neeson). Triumph of the Nerds The Rise of Accidental Empires (1996 is a Documentary film written and hosted by Robert X William John "Liam" Neeson OBE (born June 7, 1952) is an Irish Actor. Additionally, this logo was the last to be seen on children's' shows as well as adult programming (although the next ident occasionally made appearances on the 1996 television shows Arthur and Adventures From The Book of Virtues); after in August of 1993, PBS Kids programs utilized special ident of their own. A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U Arthur is a long-running American and Canadian educational Television series for children, that airs on PBS in the United States The Adventures From The Book of Virtues is an Animated Television series which originally aired on PBS Kids in the United States PBS Kids (often styled all-caps as "PBS KIDS" is the umbrella brand for Children's programming aired by the Public Broadcasting Service in the United A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U A short featurette about the filming of this ident was aired on some PBS stations to fill airtime.


6th ident

The PBS ident was revised in September 2, 1996. Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Now only seen as the ending ident of Adventures from the Book of Virtues, its composition now included of a variety of objects: A telescope rotates in the lower left corner; a globe of the Earth appears at upper right; while at center a framed windowpane zooms in. The various objects fade away to reveal the P-head, which is initially yellow-green pigment with the right section colored blue. These colors change to blue and green, respectively, while the "PBS" text fades in below and fades to yellow. A female announcer, Lauren Bacall, says "This is P-B-S". She is the only announcer to reprise her job for the following logo (7th logo). The logo dropped in 1998.


7th ident

The seventh PBS ident was used from November 2, 1998 to September 1, 2002. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Its animation begins with a man or woman holding up a round disc containing the PBS P-head (resembling a manhole cover). A manhole cover is a removable plate forming the lid over the opening of a Manhole, to prevent anyone from falling in and to keep unauthorized persons out As he/she holds the disc in front of his/her face, several superimposed acrobats jump and somersault around the logo. The letters "PBS" fade in at right, while the PBS website, "www. pbs. org", in smaller letters appeared below. This was the first PBS logo to include the network's web address, as well as the first to be made in a version with a 16:9 widescreen aspect ratio for HDTV programming, and is sometimes still seen today. A widescreen image is a film computer or television image with a wider and shorter aspect ratio than the standard Academy frame developed during the Classical High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition The accompanying music is a world music/new age piece, with Bacall once again saying "This is P-B-S". The term world music includes Traditional music (sometimes called Folk music or roots music of any culture that are created and played by indigenous musicians New Age ( New Age Movement and New Age Spirituality) is a Social Collective Phenomenon and a Spiritual Nature People who have held the round disc with the PBS P-head include Jocelyne Loewen, Jake Martin, Kyle Hebert, Lynne Thigpen, Michelle Ruff, Chris Rock, Steve Burns, Gong Li, and even Bacall herself. Jocelyne Loewen is a Canadian voice actress working with The Ocean Group, known for her roles in the English-language dubs of Anime series Jacob Daniel "Jake" Martin (born December 22, 1951) is an American Voice actor. Kyle H Hebert (born June 14, 1969 in Lake Charles Louisiana) is an American Voice actor best known for his roles as adult Cherlynne Theresa “Lynne” Thigpen ( December 22 1948 &ndash March 12 2003) was an American stage and television actress Michelle Suzanne Ruff (Born September 27, 1967 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American voice actress known for her work in Christopher Julius Rock III (born February 7, 1965) is an American Comedian, Actor, Screenwriter, Television Steven Michael "Steve" Burns ( October 9, 1973, in Boyertown, Pennsylvania) is an American Entertainer. Gong Li ( (born December 31, 1965) is a Chinese-American two-time Golden Rooster, two-time Hundred Flowers Award, Berlinale Sometimes, the announcer will say "You're watching your public television station, P-B-S. "


8th ident

The eighth and current PBS ident is quite different from all of its predecessors. First appeared on September 2, 2002, it features live-action footage and has many variants, including "Young People" (voiceover by Edie Mirman) "Performers" (voiceover by David Kaye), "Flowers" (voiceover by Helen Mirren), "Daddy and Son" (voiceover by Kyle Eastwood), "Cowboy" (voiceover by David Kaye), and "Generations" (voiceover by Edie Mirman). Events 44 BC - Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Edith S Mirman (born July 26, 1953 in Los Angeles CA) is an American voice actress best known for the voice of Fujiko Mine from Tales of the Wolf David V Hope (born 14 October 1964) known professionally as David Kaye, is a Canadian Actor who is better recognized for his Dame Helen Mirren, DBE (born 26 July 1945 is an English stage, Film and Television actress. Kyle Eastwood (born May 19, 1968) is an American Jazz musician David V Hope (born 14 October 1964) known professionally as David Kaye, is a Canadian Actor who is better recognized for his Edith S Mirman (born July 26, 1953 in Los Angeles CA) is an American voice actress best known for the voice of Fujiko Mine from Tales of the Wolf The voiceover is now one of these four people saying "We are P-B-S," or occasionally (in the case of "Flowers" and "Cowboy"), "I'm P-B-S. " It was introduced in 2002 and is still being used.

There is also a version that uses a purplish-bluish background instead of the original shaggy brown curtains. The words "Perspective. Analysis. Understanding. " zoom in briefly and fade out, then "Be More" scans to the right, followed by the circle P-heads and "PBS" in white. Bob Hilton says, "This is P-B-S. Bob Hilton is an American television game show personality Although known mainly for his role as announcer he has hosted other shows as well including The Guinness Game " This variant can only be seen on Frontline. Frontline is a public affairs television program of varying length produced at WGBH in Boston Massachusetts, and distributed through the


PBS Kids idents

The 1st PBS Kids ident. Used from 1993 to 1999.
The 1st PBS Kids ident. Used from 1993 to 1999.

Prior to 1993, PBS Kids television programs used the same PBS idents seen on adult-oriented programming (or logos of National Instructional Television). PBS Kids (often styled all-caps as "PBS KIDS" is the umbrella brand for Children's programming aired by the Public Broadcasting Service in the United The Agency for Instructional Technology (AIT is a Non-profit organization in the United States that produces sells and distributes educational and Starting that year, however, a new ident was commissioned specifically for children's programming that consisted of three P-heads (affectionately called P pals by the PBS staff), one of them blue, another one orange, and the last one green, complete with appendages drawn as a cartoon. The word cartoon has various meanings based on several very different forms of Visual art and Illustration. (In actuality, the P-heads are in different colors that change throughout the ident and eventually stop on blue, orange, and green, respectively. ) The P-heads dance and sing "This is P-B-S! Hooh!" on this ident, then stop when a dog (also shaped as a P-head) walks by the lower portion of the screen and barks "Arf!" and in the mid/late 90 gives the leader a balloon with E/I (Educational/Instructional) in it. At the same time, the blue P-head adlibs and his red hat flies off of his head for a moment, then drops back on his head. The "PBS" text appears in black at lower left, and the music is a rock/pop tune. This was used on programming such as "Barney & Friends", "Lamb Chop's Play-Along", "Arthur", "Adventures from the Book of Virtues", Mr. Rogers Neighborhood", "Reading Rainbow", "Bill Nye, the Science Guy", "Kratts' Creatures", "Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego?", "Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego?", "Zoom", "Wallace And Gromit", "Groundling Marsh", "The Puzzle Place", "Sesame Street", "Teletubbies", "The Magic School Bus", "Noddy", "Theodore Tugboat", "Wimzie's House", "Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends", "Shining Time Station", and many others. Barney & Friends is a 1992 children's television show produced in the United States aimed at preschool children Lamb Chop's Play-Along is a Children 's Television show that was shown on PBS in the Arthur is a common male name meaning " Bear -like" believed to possibly be descended from the Roman surname Artorius (" Plowman The Adventures From The Book of Virtues is an Animated Television series which originally aired on PBS Kids in the United States Mister Rogers' Neighborhood or Mister Rogers is an American Children's television series that was created and hosted by Bill Nye the Science Guy was an Emmy Award -winning educational Television program, hosted by Bill Nye. Kratts' Creatures was a children's Television program on PBS. Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? is a popular children's television Game show loosely based on the computer games of the same name created Where in Time Is Carmen Sandiego? is a children's television Game show loosely based on the computer games of the same name created by now defunct ZOOM was an American Educational Television show, created almost entirely by Children, which aired on PBS from Groundling Marsh was a Canadian Children's television series featuring Puppets The only merchandise produced for the show were videos and they The Puzzle Works is a Children 's Television show produced by KCET in Los Angeles California and Lancit Media in Sesame Street is an American educational Children's television series and a pioneer of the contemporary educational television standard combining Teletubbies is a BBC BAFTA winning Children's television series, primarily aimed at Pre-school viewers produced from 1997 to The Magic School Bus is a series of Children's books, intended to teach scientific concepts to children Noddy is a character created by British Children's author Enid Blyton, originally published between 1949 and 1963 Theodore Tugboat is a children's television show about a Tugboat named Theodore who lives in the Big Harbour with all of his friends Wimzie's House was a Canadian produced children's television program which ran on YTV from 1995 to 1996 and in the United States on Shining Time Station was an American Television sequel of Thomas the Tank Engine and Friends series co-created by Britt Allcroft

After that the logo was at PTV Park, this logo started with the camera panning down from the sky down into PTV Park, in the background, we hear two kids' voices saying, "Hi, you're in PTV Park on. . . ". We then zoom in on the PBS Kids 1993 logo playing in a short version.

There was also a "surprise!" variant featuring the P pals from the standard ident changing colors (no blue is used in this ident), and they all have O-shaped mouths (not like the standard ident, which only used one O-shaped mouth for the blue P pal, and that was when he adlibs) for the entire time. There is no music, save for noisemakers and Big Bird and many other characters from PBS Kids TV shows shouting "SURPRISE!" in unison, followed by silly laughter. Big Bird is a full-body Muppet, featured on the children's television show Sesame PBS Kids (often styled all-caps as "PBS KIDS" is the umbrella brand for Children's programming aired by the Public Broadcasting Service in the United Once again, the left P pal's red hat flies off his head for a moment, then drops back on his head. This was only used spontaneously.

Just after the 6th PBS ident in 1996, this logo added an E/I balloon. e/i was the second magazine founded published and edited by electronic music journalist Darren Bergstein following the 1980s to 1990's run of i/e magazine

PBS Kids circle logo idents

The identity for PBS children's' programs was revised on May 16, 1999, coinciding with the establishment of a 24-hour PBS Kids feed, and made even more dissimilar from the regular ident as well. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) The animation begins with a child character (either a girl named Dot, or a boy named Dash) with stylized features and green skin taking part in an activity or simply running into view. When the character's face is close up, a circle zooms out around the head while the letters "PBS" appear above in a thought bubble. Speech balloons (also speech bubbles, dialogue balloons, or word balloons) are a graphic convention used most commonly in Comic books strips The completed circle is set against an animated background of vertical lines. At the end, there is a sung voiceover saying "Doink! P-B-S Kids!" There are several variations of this ident.


PBS Kids GO! idents

Prior to 2004, all PBS Kids programs used the same series idents. Starting in the fall of that year, however, another series of new idents were commissioned for use on programming with a focus on telling children to be active, which consists of a blocks motif and several kids doing several forms of exercise. At the end, the PBS Kids GO! logo appears, with a simple voiceover at the end, a boy saying "GO!". Therefore, this makes this the first PBS ident that had a voiceover not mentioning PBS. As with other current PBS idents, there are several variations.


PBS Kids Sprout idents

PBS Kids Sprout got its first ident in 2005, which consists of a green flower with the words PBS Kids written on it and the word "sprout" under it in children's handwriting. PBS KIDS Sprout (sometimes


Miss Lori and Hooper

Within this block, there are many different idents after each program. They do not include the PBS Kids boy or girl as of September 1999, except for the last few seconds when Dash is shown in the PBS Kids logo. Some include still pictures of real children, but do occasionally move a little bit. These idents usually have a general theme, such as dinosaurs, bees, a picnic, or someone taking pictures with a camera.

PBS Home Video idents

PBS HV Idents usually represents past tv logos

When PBS Home Video was distributed by PBS and Pacific Arts (1990-1994) or Turner Entertainment (1994-2004) (now part of Time Warner), the first distinctive ident used on PBS Home Video titles was the large 3-D glass P-head from the 1989 PBS television ident, on the center of the screen, first seen for PBS Home Video in 1990. Turner Entertainment Company Inc is an American media company founded by Ted Turner. Time Warner Inc ( is the world's largest media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered in New York City. Initially, a cloudy sky pattern fills the ident against a black background, which fades to a blue P-head against a cloudy sky background. An announcer says "The following presentation is from PBS Home Video" afterward, the screen fades out and cuts to any of the above post-1984 idents. The ident (minus the announcer) would repeat itself at the end of the videotape. A classical tune sets the mood. The large head and colorful lines are paying a tribute to the 1989 logo.

In 1998, the ident was revised to: a blue circle, a green circle, and a red circle (each containing a P-head). The circles merge together and turn purple once they touch and turn black when "PBS HOME VIDEO" ("PBS DVD" on DVD releases) fades in. A much more mellow variant of the 1998 bumper played over the logo, which is why this represents the 98 bumper.

Coinciding with PBS Home Video's distribution changing to Paramount in 2004, a new PBS ident was created: It begins on an ethereal blue/purple/red CGI background, then the PBS logo appears within a circle with "Be more" on the left and "PBS" on the right with "Home Video" on the bottom. Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American motion picture production and Distribution company, based in Hollywood California. A new age classical tune is the jingle. The colors and cgi in the background aren't unlike the 1992 ID.

External links

The Internet Archive ( IA) is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line Library and archive of Web and
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic