| Pärnu Pärnu |
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| Coordinates: | |||
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| Country |  Estonia |
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| County | Pärnu County | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total | 32. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region A County (maakond is an administrative subdivision of Estonia. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 22 km² (12. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi) | ||
| Population (2004) | |||
| - Total | 44,568 | ||
| - Density | 1,383. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (3,582. 5/sq mi) | ||
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) | ||
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) | ||
Pärnu (German: Pernau; Russian: Пярну, formerly Пернов; Polish: Parnawa) is a city on the Baltic Sea coast of Pärnu Bay, in southwestern Estonia. Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region It is a popular summer vacation resort with many hotels, restaurants, and large beaches. Lists of holidays The words holiday or vacation have related meanings in different English-speaking countries and continents but will usually refer to one of A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging usually on a short-term basis A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. The Pärnu River flows through the city, which is served by Pärnu Airport. The Pärnu (Pärnu jõgi is a River in Estonia that drains into the Gulf of Riga at Pärnu. Pärnu Airport is an Airport in Estonia. The airport is situated 4 km (2½ mi from the city of Pärnu.
The city is occasionally referred to as Pyarnu, an incorrect reverse-transliteration from Russian Пярну. Transliteration is the practice of Transcribing a Word or text written in one Writing system into another writing system or system of rules for such practice
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History
There were two towns on the estuary of the Pärnu River during Middle Ages. The original Perona (later Contemporary Latin Antiqua Perona, German Alt-Pernau or Estonian Vana-Pärnu) was founded by the bishop of Ösel-Wiek ca. The Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek (Saare-Lääne piiskopkond Bistum Ösel-Wiek Low German: Bisdom Ösel-Wiek; contemporary Ecclesia Osiliensis was a semi-independent 1251, suffered heavily under pressure of the concurrent town, and was finally destroyed ca. 1600. Another town (Embeke, later German Neu-Pernau or Estonian Uus-Pärnu) was founded by the Livonian Order, who began building an Ordensburg nearby in 1265. The Livonian Order was autonomous Livonian branch of the Teutonic Order and a member of the Livonian Confederation from 1418&ndash1561 An Ordensburg (plural in German: Ordensburgen) was a Fortress built by crusading German Military orders during the The latter town, then known by the German name of Pernau, was a member of the Hanseatic League and an important ice-free harbor for Livonia. The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade Livonia (Līvõmō Latvian and Livonija Estonian: Liivimaa; Finnish: Liivinmaa; German and Swedish: Livland The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth took control of town between 1560-1617; the Poles fought the Swedes nearby in 1609. The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. Sweden took control of the town during the 16th century Livonian War, but it was subsequently taken by the Russian Empire in the 1721 Treaty of Nystad following the Great Northern War. The Livonian War of 1558–1582 was a lengthy military conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and variable coalition of Denmark–Norway, Grand Duchy of The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Treaty of Nystad (Ништадтский мир Uudenkaupungin rauha was signed in 1721 in the then Swedish town of Nystad (which is called Uusikaupunki The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea.
The town became part of independent Estonia in 1918 following World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All
During the Great Northern War, the University of Dorpat (Tartu) was relocated to Pernau from 1699-1710. The University of Tartu (Tartu Ülikool Тартуский университет Universität Dorpat is a classical University in the city of Tartu, Estonia Tartu is the second largest City of Estonia. In contrast to Estonia's political and financial capital Tallinn, Tartu is often considered the intellectual The university has a branch campus in Pärnu today (1,000 students in the 2004/2005 school year).
Administration
Local administration consists of the town council and the town government. Town council elections take place every three years. The current town council was elected in October 2005. The number of councillors depends on the population. The current number of councillors is 33.
Tourism
Pärnu is a health resort of international stature. In addition to guests arriving from around fifty countries, it is also proved by its membership in the European Spas Association (since 2000) and the European Flag that has been flying at the beach of Pärnu since 2000. The Flag of Europe is the flag and emblem of the European Union (EU and Council of Europe (CoE Most tourists in Pärnu are Finns and Estonians. The terms Finns and Finnish people ( Finnish: suomalaiset, Swedish: finländare) are used in English to Estonians ( Estonian: eestlased, previously maarahvas) are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns and inhabiting primarily the country Hotel and restaurant staff speak English and some Finnish in addition to Estonian. Finnish ( or suomen kieli) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92% As of 2006) and by ethnic Finns outside Estonian (; ˈeːsti ˈkeːl is the official language of Estonia, spoken by about 1
In 1837, a few business-minded entrepreneurs decided to rebuild a lone tavern near the beach into a bathing establishment, thus preparing the ground for the development of the resort of Pärnu. This wooden building was the predecessor of the present-day mud baths. A mud bath is a bath of mud commonly from areas where hot spring water can combine with volcanic ash The establishment, which was opened in 1838, accommodated 5-6 bathrooms that provided hot seawater baths in summer and operated as a sauna in winter. The wooden building was burnt down in the course of World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In 1927, the present stone building of Pärnu Mud Baths was erected at the same site. Later, the wings were attached to the building to accommodate a bath unit and a pool.
Today, disorders of the joints, spinal column and peripheral nervous system, gynaecological problems and dysfunction of the central nervous system are treated at Pärnu Mud Baths. The peripheral nervous system ( PNS) resides or extends outside the Central nervous system (CNS which consists of the Brain and Spinal cord. The therapies include hydrotherapy, mud and ozocerite therapies, massage, laser and electrotherapies, lymph and inhalation therapies, aromatherapy and ECG. Hydrotherapy, formerly called hydropathy involves the use of Water for soothing pains and treating diseases Aromatherapy is a form of Alternative medicine that uses volatile liquid plant materials known as Essential oils (EOs and other aromatic compounds from plants for There are 130 rooms in the hotel of the Mud Baths.
Since 1996 Pärnu has been known as Estonia's Summer Capital.
Notable residents
- Lydia Koidula, poet
- Friedrich Martens, jurist
- David Oistrakh, violinist
- Nikita Panin, statesman
- Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German physicist
- David Samoylov, poet
- Olev Siinmaa, architect
References
This article incorporates text translated from the corresponding German Wikipedia article as of July 27, 2006. Lydia Koidula, ( Vändra, Pärnumaa, &ndash Kronstadt,) was the Pen name of Lydia Emilie Florentine Jannsen, an Estonian Friedrich Fromhold Martens, or Friedrich Fromhold von Martens, also known as Fyodor Fyodorovich Martens (Фёдор Фёдорович Мартенс in Russian David Fyodorovich Oistrakh (Russian Давид Фёдорович Ойстрах) David Fiodorovič Ojstrah; &ndash October 24, 1974 Count Nikita Ivanovich Panin (Ники́та Ива́нович Па́нин () was an influential Russian statesman and political mentor to Catherine the Great Georg Wilhelm Richmann (Russian Георг Вильгельм Рихман (July 22 1711 ( old style: July 11 1711 &ndash August 6 1753 (old style July 26 1753 David Samoylov ( Давид Самойлов) pseudonym of David Samuilovich Kaufman (Давид Самуилович Кауфман 1 June 1920 Olev Siinmaa ( November 12, 1881 - March 29, 1948) was an Estonian architect who is perhaps best realled for his work in the style Pärnu (Pernau Пярну formerly Пернов Parnawa is a City in southwestern Estonia on the coast of Pärnu Bay an inlet of the Gulf of Riga Events 1214 - Battle of Bouvines: In France, Philip II of France defeats John of England. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
External links
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