Ovid
Ovid as imagined in the Nuremberg Chronicle, 1493. The Nuremberg Chronicle, written in Latin by Hartmann Schedel, with a version in German translation by Georg Alt is one of the best documented early printed books
Born	March 20, 43 BC Sulmo
Died	17 AD Tomis
Occupation	Poet
Influences Virgil
Influenced Dante Alighieri, Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton, William Shakespeare

Publius Ovidius Naso (March 20, 43 BC – 17 AD) was a Roman poet known to the English-speaking world as Ovid who wrote on many topics, including love (he is the medieval magister amoris, "master of love"), abandoned women and mythological transformations. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Sulmona ( Latin: Sulmo; Greek:) is a city and comune of the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo, Italy, with Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Geoffrey Chaucer (c 1343 – 25 October 1400? was an English author poet Philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and Diplomat. John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and William Shakespeare ( baptised Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Roman mythology, or more appropriately Latin mythology, refers to the mythological beliefs of the Italic people inhabiting the region of Latium and its Traditionally ranked alongside Virgil and Horace as one of the three canonical poets of Latin literature, Ovid was generally considered a great master of the elegiac couplet. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Quintus Horatius Flaccus, ( Venosa, December 8, 65 BC - Rome, November 27, 8 BC known in the English-speaking world as Horace Latin literature, the body of written works in the Latin language remains an enduring legacy of the culture of Ancient Rome. Elegiac couplets are a poetic form used by Greek lyric poets for a variety of themes usually of smaller scale than those of epic poetry His poetry, much imitated during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, had a decisive influence on European art and literature for centuries. Late Antiquity (c 300-600 is a Periodization used by historians to describe the transitional centuries from Classical Antiquity to the Middle Ages, in Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter

Elegiac couplets are the meter of most of Ovid's works: the Amores, his two long erotodidactic poems (the Ars Amatoria and Remedia Amoris), his poem on the Roman calendar (the Fasti), the minor work Medicamina Faciei Femineae (on makeup), his fictional letters from mythological heroines (the Heroides or Epistulae Heroidum), and all the works written in his exile (five books of the Tristia, four of the Epistulae ex Ponto, and the long curse-poem Ibis). Elegiac couplets are a poetic form used by Greek lyric poets for a variety of themes usually of smaller scale than those of epic poetry Amores is Ovid 's first completed book published in 16 BC. Amores was written in the elegiac distich. Didacticism is an artistic philosophy that emphasizes instructional and informative qualities in Literature and other types of Art. Remedia Amoris ( Love's Remedy or The Cure for Love) is a 814 line poem in Latin by the Roman poet Ovid. Fasti, a Latin word refers to the Roman calendar and Almanac; and especially to a long possibly unfinished poem on the religious festivals The Heroides ( Her) (“The Heroines” or Epistulae Heroidum (“Letters of Heroines” are a collection of fifteen epistolary The Heroides ( Her) (“The Heroines” or Epistulae Heroidum (“Letters of Heroines” are a collection of fifteen epistolary Tristia ('Sadness' is a work of poetry in five books written by the Roman poet Ovid at some time after he was banished from Rome in AD 8. Epistulae ex Ponto ( Letters from the Black Sea) is a work of Ovid, in four books The two fragments of the lost tragedy Medea are in iambic trimeter and anapests, respectively; the Metamorphoses was written in dactylic hexameter. Medea (Μήδεια Mēdeia) in Greek mythology was the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, niece of Circe, granddaughter of Iambic trimeter is a meter consisting of three Iambic units per line An anapaest or anapest, also called antidactylus, is a Metrical foot used in formal Poetry. The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem Dactylic Hexameter (also known as "heroic hexameter" is a form of meter in poetry or a rhythmic scheme (Dactylic hexameter is the meter of Virgil's Aeneid and of Homer's epics. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the )

Contents 1 Life and work 2 Assessment 3 Works 3.1 Extant works generally considered authentic (with approximate dates of publication) 3.2 Lost works, or works generally considered spurious 4 Works and artists inspired by Ovid 4.1 Retellings, adaptations and translations of his actual works 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

Life and work

Ovid was born in Sulmo (modern Sulmona), which lies in a valley within the Apennines, east of Rome. Sulmona ( Latin: Sulmo; Greek:) is a city and comune of the Province of L'Aquila in the Abruzzo, Italy, with He was born into an equestrian ranked family and was educated in Rome. His father wished him to study rhetoric with the ultimate goal of practicing law. Rhetoric has had many definitions no simple definition can do it justice According to Seneca the Elder, Ovid leaned toward the emotional side of rhetoric as opposed to the argumentative. Lucius or Marcus Annaeus Seneca, known as Seneca the Elder and Seneca the Rhetorician (ca After the death of his father, Ovid renounced law and began his travels. He traveled to Athens, Asia Minor and Sicily. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black Sicily ( Italian and Sicilian: Sicilia) is an autonomous region of Italy. He also held some minor public posts, but quickly gave them up to pursue his poetry. He was part of the circle centered around the patron Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus. Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (64 BC - AD 8) was a Roman general author and patron of literature and art He was married three times and divorced twice by the age of 30. From one marriage, he had a daughter. ^[1]

The Amores were originally published as a five-book collection, probably some time in the 20s BC. Amores is Ovid 's first completed book published in 16 BC. Amores was written in the elegiac distich. The version which has survived, reduced to three books, includes poems written as late as 1 AD. Book 1 of this collection of love elegy contains 15 poems, which look at the different areas of love poetry. Much of the Amores is tongue-in-cheek, and while Ovid initially appears to adhere to the standard content of his elegiac predecessors — such as the exclusus amator (locked-out lover) lamenting in a paraklausithyron (in front of a locked door) - he actually portrays himself as more than capable at love, and not particularly emotionally struck by it (unlike, for example, Propertius, who in his poems portrays himself as crushed under love's foot). Paraclausithyron (Παρακλαυσιθυρον is a motif in Greek and especially Augustan love Elegy, as well as in Troubadour Sextus Aurelius Propertius was a Latin elegiac poet born around 50-45 BCE in Mevania (although other cities in the region of Umbria claim He writes about adultery, which had been made illegal in Augustus's marriage reforms of 18 BC. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Ovid's next poem, the Ars Amatoria, or the Art of Love, was a parody of didactic poetry and wittily focused on the arts of seduction and intrigue. It contains the first reference to the board game ludus duodecim scriptorum, a relative of modern backgammon. Ludus duodecim scriptorum, or XII scripta, was a tables game popular during the time of the Roman Empire. Backgammon is a Board game for two players in which the playing pieces are moved according to the roll of Dice. ^[2] Ovid identifies this work in his exile poetry as the carmen, or song, that was one of the causes of his banishment.

By 8 AD, Ovid had completed his most famous work: Metamorphoses, an epic poem drawing on Greek mythology. The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation The poem's subject, as the author indicates at the outset, is "forms changed into new bodies". From the emergence of the cosmos from formless mass into the organized material world to the deification of Julius Caesar many chapters later, the poem weaves tales of transformation. The stories are woven one after the other by the telling of humans transformed into new bodies — trees, rocks, animals, flowers, constellations and so forth. In common usage a constellation is a group of celestial bodies that are connected together in some arrangement typically stars to form a visible figure or picture Many famous myths are recounted such as Apollo and Daphne, Orpheus and Eurydice and Pygmalion. Pygmalion is a Legendary figure of Cyprus. Though Pygmalion is the Greek version of the Phoenician royal name Pumayyaton, he is most It offers an explanation to many alluded myths in other works. It is also a valuable source for those attempting to piece together Roman religion, as many of the characters in the book are Olympian gods or their offspring. Mount Olympus (Όλυμπος also transliterated as Ólympos, and on Greek maps Óros Ólimbos) is the highest Mountain in Greece

Augustus banished Ovid in 8 AD to Tomis on the Black Sea for reasons that remain mysterious. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Ovid himself wrote of his crime that it was carmen et error — "a poem and a mistake. "^[3] He claimed that this crime was worse than murder^[4] and caused more harm than poetry. ^[5] The error Ovid made is believed to have been political in nature — possibly he had knowledge of a plot against Augustus, or stumbled into some sensitive state secret. ^[6] Augustus' grandchildren, Agrippa Postumus and Julia the Younger, had been banished around the same time as Ovid and Julia's husband, Lucius Aenilius Paullus, was executed after a conspiracy against Augustus. Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa Postumus (12 BC-14 also known as Agrippa Postumus or Postumus Agrippa, was a son of Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa and Julia the Julia Minor ( Minor Latin for the younger) or Julilla (little Julia ( Classical Latin: IVLIA•MINOR 19 BC-28 or early 29 Lucius Aemilius Lepidus Paullus (d 14 an aristocratic 1st century Roman, was the husband of Julia the Younger, emperor Augustus ' granddaughter In a political sense conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power Ovid may have had knowledge about this conspiracy. Because Julia the Younger and Ovid were exiled in the same year, some suspect that he was somehow involved in her alleged affair with Decimus Silanus. Decimus Silanus was an ancient Roman of the 2nd century BC He was of noble family and was an expert in Punic language and literature. Still, Ovid only moved on the perimeter of Julia's circle, suggesting that reports that he seduced Julia or facilitated her affairs is likely romantic hearsay. ^[7] The Julian Marriage Laws of 18 BC were still fresh in the minds of Romans; these laws promoted monogamous, marital sexual relations in Rome to increase the population, but Ovid's works concerned adultery, which was punishable by severe penalties, including banishment. Monogamy is the custom or condition of having only one mate in a Relationship, thus forming a Couple. Adultery is the voluntary Sexual intercourse between a married person and another person who is not his or her Spouse, though in many places it is

It was during this period of exile that Ovid wrote two more collections of poems, called Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto, which illustrate his sadness and desolation. Tristia ('Sadness' is a work of poetry in five books written by the Roman poet Ovid at some time after he was banished from Rome in AD 8. Epistulae ex Ponto ( Letters from the Black Sea) is a work of Ovid, in four books Being far away from Rome, Ovid had no chance to research in libraries and thus may have been forced to abandon his work Fasti (a poem on the Roman calendar, with one book dedicated to each month; however, only the first six books -- January through June -- exist. Fasti, a Latin word refers to the Roman calendar and Almanac; and especially to a long possibly unfinished poem on the religious festivals Whether the other six have been lost, or for some reason were never written, is unknown). Though in the Epistulae ex Ponto he claims to have become friendly with the natives of Tomis (in the Tristia they are merely frightening barbarians) and to have written a poem in their language (Ex P. Epistulae ex Ponto ( Letters from the Black Sea) is a work of Ovid, in four books Tristia ('Sadness' is a work of poetry in five books written by the Roman poet Ovid at some time after he was banished from Rome in AD 8. 4. 13. 19-20), he still pined for Rome and his beloved third wife. Many of the poems are addressed to her, as well as to Augustus, whom he calls Caesar and sometimes God, to himself, to various friends left behind in Rome, and even sometimes to the poems themselves, expressing his heart-felt loneliness and hoping for a recall or a relocation in exile. Augustus ( Latin: IMPERATOR·CAESAR·DIVI·FILIVS·AVGVSTVS September 23 63 BC – August 19 AD 14) born Gaius Octavius Thurinus, was Caesar (plural Caesars Latin: Caesar (plural Caesares is a Title of imperial character God is the principal or sole Deity in Religions and other belief systems that worship one deity. The famous first two lines of the Tristia demonstrate the poet's misery from the start:

Parve – nec invideo – sine me, liber, ibis in urbem:

ei mihi, quod domino non licet ire tuo!

Little book – and I won't hinder you – go on to the city without me:

Alas for me, because your master is not allowed to go!

Ovid died at Tomis after nearly 10 years of banishment. He is commemorated today by a statue in the Romanian city of Tomis (modern day Constanta) and the 1930 renaming of the nearby town of Ovidiu, alleged location of his tomb. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence Ovidiu (o'vidʏ historical name Canara, Kanara is a town situated a few kilometres north of Constanţa in the Constanţa County, south-eastern The Latin text on the statue says (Tr. 3. 3. 73-76):

Hic ego qui iaceo tenerorum lusor amorum

Ingenio perii, Naso poeta, meo.

At tibi qui transis, ne sit grave, quisquis amasti,

Dicere: Nasonis molliter ossa cubent.

Here I lie, who played with tender loves,

Naso the poet, killed by my own talent.

O passerby, if you've ever been in love, let it not be too much for you

to say: May the bones of Naso lie gently.

(Ovid's nickname was Nasus, "The Nose" — a pun on his cognomen, Naso. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The cognomen (plural cognomina) was originally the third name of an Ancient Roman in the Roman naming convention. )

Assessment

R. J. Tarrant offers the following assessment for the importance of Ovid:

From his own time until the end of Antiquity Ovid was among the most widely read and imitated of Latin poets; his greatest work, the Metamorphoses, also seems to have enjoyed the largest popularity. What place Ovid may have had in the curriculum of ancient schools is hard to determine: no body of antique scholia survives for any of his works, but it seems likely that the elegance of his style and his command of rhetorical technique would have commended him as a school author, perhaps at the elementary level. ^[8]

Works

Extant works generally considered authentic (with approximate dates of publication)

• Amores ("The Loves"), five books, published 10 BC and revised into three books ca. Amores is Ovid 's first completed book published in 16 BC. Amores was written in the elegiac distich. 1 AD.
• Metamorphoses, ("Transformations"), 15 books. The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem Published ca. AD 8.
• Medicamina Faciei Feminae ("Women's Facial Cosmetics"), also known as The Art of Beauty, 100 lines surviving. Published ca. 5 BC.
• Remedia Amoris ("The Cure for Love"), 1 book. Remedia Amoris ( Love's Remedy or The Cure for Love) is a 814 line poem in Latin by the Roman poet Ovid. Published 5 BC.
• Heroides ("The Heroines"), also known as Epistulae Heroidum ("Letters of Heroines"), 21 letters. The Heroides ( Her) (“The Heroines” or Epistulae Heroidum (“Letters of Heroines” are a collection of fifteen epistolary Letters 1–5 published 5 BC; letters 16–21 were composed ca. AD 4–8.
• Ars Amatoria ("The Art of Love"), three books. First two books published 2 BC, the third somewhat later.
• Fasti ("The Festivals"), 6 books extant which cover the first 6 months of the year, providing unique information on the Roman calendar. Ovid's Fasti is a long unfinished Latin poem by the Roman poet Ovid. The Roman calendar changed its form several times in the time between the foundation of Rome and the fall of the Roman Empire. Finished by AD 8, possibly published in AD 15.
• Ibis, a single poem. Ibis is a single extant poem written in Elegiac Couplets by the Roman poet Ovid. Written ca. 9 AD.
• Tristia ("Sorrows"), five books. Tristia ('Sadness' is a work of poetry in five books written by the Roman poet Ovid at some time after he was banished from Rome in AD 8. Published 10 AD.
• Epistulae ex Ponto ("Letters from the Black Sea"), four books. Epistulae ex Ponto ( Letters from the Black Sea) is a work of Ovid, in four books Published 10 AD.

Lost works, or works generally considered spurious

• Consolatio ad Liviam ("Consolation to Livia")
• Halieutica ("On Fishing") — generally considered spurious, a poem that some have identified with the otherwise lost poem of the same name written by Ovid.
• Medea, a lost tragedy about Medea
• Nux ("The Walnut Tree")
• A volume of poems in Getic, the language of Dacia where Ovid lived in exile, not extant (and possibly fictional). Medea (Μήδεια Mēdeia) in Greek mythology was the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, niece of Circe, granddaughter of The Getae ( Greek: Γέται singular Γέτης was the name given by the Greeks to several Thracian tribes that occupied the regions south of the Dacia, in ancient geography was the land of the Dacians. It was named by the ancient Hellenes ( Greeks) " Getae "

Works and artists inspired by Ovid

See the website "Ovid illustrated: the Renaissance reception of Ovid in image and Text" for many more Renaissance examples.

• (1100s) The troubadours and the medieval courtoise literature
• (1200s) The Roman de la Rose
• (1300s) Petrarch, Geoffrey Chaucer
• (1400s) Sandro Botticelli
• (1500s-1600s) Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, John Marston,
• (1600s) John Milton,Gian Lorenzo Bernini, Luis de Góngora's La Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea, 1613, Landscape with Pyramus and Thisbe by Nicolas Poussin, 1651, Stormy Landscape with Philemon and Baucis by Peter Paul Rubens, c. A troubadour ( IPA:, originally) was a composer and performer of Occitan Lyric poetry during the High Middle Ages (1100&ndash1350 Courtly love was a Medieval European conception of ennobling love which found its genesis in the ducal and princely courts of Aquitaine, Provence The Roman de la rose is a medieval French poem styled as an allegorical dream vision Francesco Petrarca ( July 20, 1304 – July 19, 1374) known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar Geoffrey Chaucer (c 1343 – 25 October 1400? was an English author poet Philosopher, bureaucrat, courtier and Diplomat. William Shakespeare ( baptised John Marston (baptised October 7, 1576 – June 25, 1634) was an English poet playwright and satirist during the late Elizabethan John Milton ( 9 December, 1608 – 8 November, 1674) was an English Poet, Prose Polemicist and "Bernini" redirects here For people named Bernini see Bernini (surname. Luis de Góngora y Argote ( July 11, 1561 &ndash May 24, 1627) was a Spanish Baroque lyric Poet. La Fábula de Polifemo y Galatea ( The Fable of Polyphemus and Galatea) or simply the Polifemo Nicolas Poussin (15 June 1594 – 19 November 1665 was a French painter in the classical style 1620
• (1820s) During the days of his Odessa exile, Alexander Pushkin liked to compare himself with Ovid, whose place of exile seems to have been nearby. ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates This feeling is most memorably expressed in the large verse epistle To Ovid (1821). An epistle (pronounced) ( Greek επιστολη epistolē "letter" is a writing directed or sent to a person or group of persons usually a letter The exiled Ovid also makes appearance in Pushkin's long poem Gypsies, set in Moldavia (1824). Moldavia (Moldova is a geographic and historical region and former Principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between Eastern Carpathians
• (1916) James Joyce's A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man uses a quote from Book 8 of Metamorphoses and introduces the character of Stephen Dedalus. James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 &ndash 13 January 1941 was an Irish expatriate writer widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is a semi-autobiographical Novel by James Joyce, first serialized in The Egoist Stephen Dedalus is James Joyce 's literary Alter ego, as well as the Protagonist of his first semi-autobiographical novel of artistic existence The Ovidian reference to "Daedalus" had already been included in Stephen Hero but was then metamorphosed into "Dedalus" in both A Portrait and in Ulysses. Stephen Hero is a posthumously-published autobiographical novel by Irish author James Joyce. Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce, first serialized in parts in the American journal The Little Review from March 1918 to December 1920
• (1920s) The title of the second collection of poems by Osip Mandelstam, Tristia (Berlin, 1922), refers to Ovid's book. Osip Emilyevich Mandelstam (also spelled Mandelshtam) (О́сип Эми́льевич Мандельшта́м ( &ndash December 27, 1938) was a Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Mandelstam's collection is rooted in his experiences during the hungry and violent years immediately following the October Revolution. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution
• (1951) Six Metamorphoses After Ovid by Benjamin Britten, written for solo oboe, was written to envoke images of Ovid's characters from Metamorphoses. Edward Benjamin Britten Baron Britten, OM CH (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976 was an English Composer, conductor, "Hautbois" redirects here for the strawberry variety see Hautbois strawberry.
• (1978) Australian author David Malouf's novel An Imaginary Life is published. David George Joseph Malouf (born 20 March 1934) is an acclaimed Australian writer An Imaginary Life is a 1978 Novella written by David Malouf. It tells the story of the Roman Poet Ovid, during It is a powerful novella that provides a fictional account of Ovid's exile in Tomis. Constanţa (pronunciation in Romanian: /kon'stanʦa/ historical names Tomis, Κωνστάντια or Constantia, Köstence
• (1998) In Pandora, by Anne Rice, Pandora cites Ovid as one of her favorite poets and authors of the time, and quotes him vividly in front of her lover Marius. Anne Rice (born Howard Allen O'Brien on October 4, 1941) is a best-selling American Author of gothic and religious-themed
• (2006) American musician Bob Dylan's album Modern Times contained several songs that "borrowed" lines from Ovid's Poems of Exile, specifically Peter Green's translation of the text. Bob Dylan (born Robert Zimmerman, May 24 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota) is an American singer-songwriter author poet and painter who has been a major Dylan failed to give the poet credit in the liner notes of the record. The tracks that contain lyrics which stem from Ovid's writings are "Workingman's Blues #2", "Ain't Talkin'", "The Levee's Gonna Break" and "Spirit on the Water".
• (2007) Russian author Alexander Zorich's novel Roman Star is published in Moscow. This novel takes a special view on last years of Ovid's life.

Dante mentions him twice:

• De vulgari eloquentia mentions him, along with Lucan, Virgil and Statius as one of the four regulati poetae (ii, vi, 7)
• Inferno ranks him side by side with Homer, Horace, Lucan and Virgil (Inferno, IV,88). De vulgari eloquentia ( On Eloquence in the vernacular) is the title of an essay by Dante Alighieri, written in Latin and initially meant to consist Marcus Annaeus Lucanus ( November 3, 39 AD – April 30, 65 AD better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Publius Papinius Statius (ca 45-96 was a Roman Poet of the Silver Age of Latin literature, born in Naples, Italy. The Divine Comedy Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the Quintus Horatius Flaccus, ( Venosa, December 8, 65 BC - Rome, November 27, 8 BC known in the English-speaking world as Horace Marcus Annaeus Lucanus ( November 3, 39 AD – April 30, 65 AD better known in English as Lucan, was a Roman Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or

Retellings, adaptations and translations of his actual works

• (1767) Apollo et Hyacinthus, one of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's earliest operas
• (1900s) six Metaphorphoses After Ovid for oboe by Benjamin Britten. "Hautbois" redirects here for the strawberry variety see Hautbois strawberry. Edward Benjamin Britten Baron Britten, OM CH (22 November 1913 – 4 December 1976 was an English Composer, conductor,
• (1949) Orphée A film by Jean Cocteau, a retelling of the Orpheus myth from the Metamorphoses
• (1991) The Last World by Christoph Ransmayr
• (1997) "Polaroid Stories" by Naomi Iizuka, a retelling of Metamorphoses casting street kids and junkies in the roles of gods. Orpheus ( Orphée) is a 1950 French film directed by Jean Cocteau and starring Jean Marais. Jean Maurice Eugène Clément Cocteau (5 July 1889 &ndash 11 October 1963 was a French Poet, Novelist, Dramatist, Designer, Boxing Orpheus ( Greek: Ὀρφεύς ˈɔrfiəs ( OHR-fee-uhs) or /ˈɔrfjuːs/ ( OHR'-fews) in English is a figure from Greek mythology born in The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem Christoph Ransmayr (born 20 March 1954) is an Austrian Writer. Naomi Iizuka is a Playwright. Iizuka's works often have a non-linear storyline and are influenced by her multicultural background
• (1994) After Ovid: New Metamorphoses edited by Michael Hofmann and James Lasdun is an anthology of contemporary poetry re-envisioning Ovid's Metamorphoses
• (1997) Tales from Ovid by Ted Hughes is a modern poetic translation of twenty four passages from Metamorphoses
• (2000) Ovid Metamorphosed edited by Phil Terry is a collection of short stories by various writers that re-tell several of Ovid's fables. After Ovid New Metamorphoses is a collection of poems inspired by Ovid's Metamorphoses. Michael Hofmann (born 1957 Freiburg, West Germany) is a German-born poet who writes in English and a translator of texts from German James Lasdun (born 1958 in London, England is a writer and academic who currently lives in upstate New York and is married to writer Pia Davis, with whom Tales from Ovid is a poetical work written by the English poet Ted Hughes. Edward James Hughes OM ( 17 August 1930 &ndash 28 October 1998) was an English Poet and children's
• (2002) An adaptation of Metamorphoses by Mary Zimmerman appeared on Broadway's Circle on the Square Theater, which featured an onstage pool ^[9]
• (2006) Patricia Barber's song cycle, Mythologies. Mary Zimmerman is an American award winning Theatre director and Playwright. Patricia Barber (born 1956 Chicago, Illinois) is an American Jazz Singer, Pianist, Songwriter, and Bandleader The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore"

See also

• Metamorphoses (poem) for external links specific to that work. The Metamorphoses by the Roman poet Ovid is a narrative poem
• Latin literature

Literature Portal

References

1. ^ http://www.jstor.org/view/00173835/ap020138/02a00070/0
2. ^ http://www.jstor.org/view/00173835/ap020010/02a00040/6?frame=frame&userID=c101aca6@ucd.ie/01c0a8346900501d717b8&dpi=3&config=jstor
3. ^ Ovid, Tristia 2. Latin literature, the body of written works in the Latin language remains an enduring legacy of the culture of Ancient Rome. 207
4. ^ Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto 2. 9. 72
5. ^ Ovid, Epistulae ex Ponto 3. 3. 72
6. ^ Norwood, Frances, "The Riddle of Ovid's Relegatio", Classical Philogy (1963) p. 158
7. ^ Alan H. F. Griffin, Ovid's 'Metamorphoses', Greece & Rome, 2nd Ser. , Vol. 24, No. 1. (Apr. , 1977), p. 58.
8. ^ R. J. Tarrant, "Ovid" in Texts and Transmission: A Survey of the Latin Classics (Oxford, 1983), p. 257.
9. ^ Talkin' Broadway Review: Metamorphoses

• Ovid Renewed: Ovidian Influences on Literature and Art from the Middle Ages to the Twentieth Century. Ed. Charles Martindale. Cambridge, 1988.
• Federica Bessone. P. Ovidii Nasonis Heroidum Epistula XII: Medea Iasoni. Florence: Felice Le Monnier, 1997. Pp. 324.
• Theodor Heinze. P. Ovidius Naso. Der XII. Heroidenbrief: Medea an Jason. Mit einer Beilage: Die Fragmente der Tragodie Medea. Einleitung, Text & Kommentar. Mnemosyne Supplement 170 Leiden: Brill, 1997. Pp. xi + 288.
• R. A. Smith. Poetic Allusion and Poetic Embrace in Ovid and Virgil. Ann Arbor; The University of Michigan Press, 1997. Pp. ix+ 226.
• Michael Simpson, The Metamorphoses of Ovid. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2001. Pp. 498.
• Philip Hardie (ed. ), The Cambridge Companion to Ovid. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xvi, 408.
• Ovid's Fasti: Historical Readings at its Bimillennium. Edited by Geraldine Herbert-Brown. Oxford, OUP, 2002, 327 pp.
• Susanne Gippert, Joseph Addison's Ovid: An Adaptation of the Metamorphoses in the Augustan Age of English Literature. Die Antike und ihr Weiterleben, Band 5. Remscheid: Gardez! Verlag, 2003. Pp. 304.
• Heather van Tress, Poetic Memory. Allusion in the Poetry of Callimachus and the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Mnemosyne, Supplementa 258. Leiden: Brill, 2004. Pp. ix, 215.
• Ziolkowski, Theodore, Ovid and the Moderns. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. 262.
• Desmond, Marilynn, Ovid's Art and the Wife of Bath: The Ethics of Erotic Violence. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006. Pp. 232.
• Rimell, Victoria, Ovid's Lovers: Desire, Difference, and the Poetic Imagination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. Pp. 235.
• Pugh, Syrithe, Spenser and Ovid. Burlington: Ashgate, 2005. Pp. 302.
• Pasco-Pranger, Molly, Founding the Year: Ovid's Fasti and the Poetics of the Roman Calendar. Mnemosyne Suppl. , 276. Leiden: Brill, 2006. Pp. 326.
• Martin Amann, Komik in den Tristien Ovids. (Schweizerische Beitra+ge zur Altertumswissenschaft, 31). Basel: Schwabe Verlag, 2006. Pp. 296.
• P. J. Davis, Ovid & Augustus: A political reading of Ovid's erotic poems. London: Duckworth, 2006. Pp. 183.
• Peter E. Knox (ed. ), Oxford Readings in Ovid. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. 541.
• Andreas N. Michalopoulos, Ovid Heroides 16 and 17. Introduction, text and commentary. (ARCA: Classical and Medieval Texts, Papers and Monographs, 47). Cambridge: Francis Cairns, 2006. Pp. x, 409.
• R. Gibson, S. Green, S. Sharrock, The Art of Love: Bimillennial Essays on Ovid's Ars Amatoria and Remedia Amoris. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. Pp. 375.
• Desmond, Marilynn. Ovid's Art and the Wife of Bath: The Ethics of Erotic Violence. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006. Pp. xiii, 206.
• Montuschi, Claudia, Il tempo in Ovidio. Funzioni, meccanismi, strutture. Accademia la colombaria studi, 226. Firenze: Leo S. Olschki, 2005. Pp. 463.
• Johnson, Patricia J. Ovid before Exile: Art and Punishment in the Metamorphoses. (Wisconsin Studies in Classics). Madison, WI: The University of Wisconsin Press, 2008. Pp. x, 184.

External links

• University of Virginia, "Ovid Illustrated: The Renaissance Reception of Ovid in Image and Text"
• Works by Ovid at Project Gutenberg
• Multilingual Translation
  • schueler-latein.de
• Latin and English translation
  • Perseus/Tufts: P. Ovidius Naso Amores, Ars Amatoria, Heroides (on this site called Epistulae), Metamorphoses, Remedia Amoris. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works Enhanced brower. Not downloadable.
  • Sacred Texts Archive: Ovid Amores, Ars Amatoria, Medicamina Faciei Femineae, Metamorphoses, Remedia Amoris.
  • The Metamorphoses of Publius Ovidius Naso; elucidated by an analysis and explanation of the fables, together with English notes, historical, mythological and critical, and illustrated by pictorial embellishments: with a dictionary, giving the meaning of all the words with critical exactness. By Nathan Covington Brooks. Nathan Covington Brooks (August 12 1809 – October 6 1898 was an Educator, Historian, and poet born in West Nottingham Cecil County Maryland, Publisher: New York, A. S. Barnes & co. Alfred Smith Barnes ( January 28, 1817 in New Haven Connecticut – February 17, 1888 in Brooklyn New York) was an American ; Cincinnati, H. W. Derby & co. , 1857 (a searchable facsimile at the University of Georgia Libraries; DjVu & layered PDF format)
• Original Latin only
  • Latin Library: Ovid Amores, Ars Amatoria, Epistulae ex Ponto, Fasti, Heroides, Ibis, Metamorphoses, Remedia Amoris, Tristia. DjVu (pronounced Déjà vu) is a Computer File format designed primarily to store scanned images especially those containing text and line
  • Gutenberg Project: Fasti With introduction and extensive notes in English by Thomas Keightley. Plain text version.
  • Works by Ovid
• English translation only
  • New translations by A. S. Kline Amores, Ars Amatoria, Epistulae ex Ponto, Fasti, Heroides, Ibis, Medicamina Faciei Femineae, Metamorphoses, Remedia Amoris, Tristia with enhanced browsing facility, downloadable in HTML, PDF, or MS Word DOC formats. Site also includes wide selection of works by other authors.
  • Two translations from Ovid's Amores by Jon Corelis.
  • English translations of Ovid's Amores with introductory essay and notes by Jon Corelis
  • Some English translations of Ovid by famous literary figures
• Commentary
  • Perseus/Tufts: Commentary on the Heroides of Ovid
• SORGLL: Ovid, Metamorphoses VIII, 183-235, (Daedalus & Icarus); read by Stephen Daitz

Persondata
NAME	Ovid
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION	Roman poet
DATE OF BIRTH	March 20, 43 BC
PLACE OF BIRTH	Sulmo
DATE OF DEATH	17 AD
PLACE OF DEATH	Tomis

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