Outhouse near Crabapple Lake, Washington, United States, with wafer board walls, and a fiberglass ceiling

An outhouse, (also known as a netty, privy, dunny, thunderbox, kybo, biffy, jakes (originally pronounced, and occasionally spelled "jacks"), shit house or earth-closet) usually refers to a type of toilet in a small structure separate from the main building which does not have a flush or sewer attached. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Waferboard belongs to the subset of reconstituted wood panel products called flakeboards which is a type of Particleboard. Fiberglass (also called fibreglass and glass fibre see Spelling differences) is material made from extremely fine Fibers of Glass. A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter.

Terminology

The term outhouse originally referred to an outbuilding, or any small structure away from a main building, used for a variety of purposes, but mainly for activities not wanted in the main house. Outhouses are used for storage, animals, and cooking, to name a few uses. Larger structures have names such as barn or stable. A barn is an agricultural building used for storage and as a covered workplace A stable is a Building in which Livestock, especially Horses are kept

Minnesota's Hooper-Bowler-Hillstrom House has a 2-story outhouse connected to house via skyway

In North American English, an outhouse (sometimes also called a backhouse) is now a small enclosure around a pit that is used as a toilet. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers The Hooper-Bowler-Hillstrom House was built in 1871 in Belle Plaine, Minnesota by Sandford A Early examples of skywalks Copenhagen, Denmark: skywalk connecting courts building to adjacent uses 18th century Faaborg North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in North America, namely in the United States A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter. Other names include the "shitter", "shithouse", "longdrop", "crapper", "the johnny on the spot", "pool",^[1] "bank", the "one-holer" or "two-holer" (for the more affluent and effluent) and more. One well-built example had four large holes, and one child-sized. ^[2]

The term in Chilean Culture is Aldaco. Music of Chile See also Music of Chile The national Dance is the Cueca (short for zamacueca) and first appeared in 1824 In Brazil, especially in rural areas of Rio Grande do Sul, an outhouse is often called patente. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld (ʁiu ˈgɾɐ̃de do ˈsuɫ lit "Large River of the South" is the southernmost State of Brazil, and the State with the fourth highest Human Development

Dunny or Thunderbox

Brisbane, in Australia was largely unsewered until the early 1970s, with many suburbs having outhouses behind each house

In Australia the outdoor toilet is frequently referred to as a dunny^[3] or "thunderbox". Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Dunny or dunny can is Australian slang for Toilet, either the room or the specific fixture especially an Outhouse or other outdoor toilets Waste deposited in earth closets was also euphemistically referred to as "nightsoil". Night soil is a Euphemism for human Feces. "Night soil" is produced as a result of a Waste management system in areas without community Infrastructure In suburban areas not connected to the sewerage, such outhouses were not built over pits. Instead, waste was collected into large cans, or "dunny-cans", which were positioned under the toilet, to be collected by contractors (or "nightsoil collectors") hired by the local council. Collected waste matter would then be removed from the premises and disposed of elsewhere. The contractors would replace the used cans with empty, cleaned cans. Until the 1970s Brisbane relied heavily on this form of sanitation. Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland [^[4]] See also, the discussion of Australia's Kosciusko National Park, infra.

Long Drop

In New Zealand such toilets are referred to as 'long-drops'. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island These are the usual toilet-variety found on tramping tracks and other locations where water is unavailable for flushing. Less commonly bachs may have these instead of flush toilets. Bach (pronounced Batch with the alternative of Crib in the southern part of New Zealand is the name given in New Zealand to structures akin to small often

Biffy

The term biffy is sometimes encountered in the context of U. S. Girl Scouting, and may have originated with the "BFI" logo of what was at one time Browning-Ferris Industries (now part of Allied Waste Industries), a waste collection company whose trade lines in some markets include the servicing of portable toilets. Browning-Ferris Industries or "BFI", was a North American Waste management company that was disbanded in 1999 Allied Waste Industries ( is a Fortune 1000 company headquartered in Phoenix Arizona. Campers are told the term is an acronym for "Bathroom in the Forest For You. " An alternate explanation: when backpackers prepare a cathole or trench latrine in their overnight campsite (even embellishing it with fresh-cut flowers), they call it the BIFF - Bathroom In Forest Floor. A backpacking group will carry a zip-lock bag with a trowel, toilet paper, and a lighter (to burn the used tissue); this bag is known as "the BIFF key". Toilet paper is a soft paper product used to maintain Personal hygiene after human Defecation or Urination.

The term "biffy" appears to have originally been a localism in Minnesota and adjoining places. Students studying linguistics in the mid-20th century were given the sample sentence, "If I said 'meet me at the biffy' what would you think?" Hysterical laughter would convulse the class as the professor queried students from other regions and logged their responses.

Kybo

The term "kybo" is popular within the Scout Movement worldwide. Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide Youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical mental and spiritual The term "kybo" may have originated at the Farm and Wilderness Camps in Vermont where it came from the coffee cans (Kybo brand coffee) that held the lye or more often lime used to keep odor to a minimum and aid decomposition. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. It was only after Kybo coffee (Motto: a cup full of satisfaction) was no longer available and the cans were no longer used that folks began to come up with other possible reasons for the term "kybo". The word is believed by some to have originated as an acronym for "Keep Your Bowels Open" although this may be a backronym. Acronyms, initialisms, and alphabetisms are Abbreviations that are formed using the initial components in a phrase or name In Anatomy, the intestine is the segment of the alimentary canal extending from the Stomach to the Anus and in humans and other mammals consists A backronym (or bacronym) is a Phrase that is constructed "after the fact" from a previously existing word or Abbreviation, the abbreviation An interesting aside is that toilet paper is often referred to as "Kybo Tape" or "Kybo Wrap". Toilet paper is a soft paper product used to maintain Personal hygiene after human Defecation or Urination. The term appears in summer camp folklore as a parody of "Downtown":

When you are sleepy and it's time to go peepee there's a place to go… kybo

When you are droopy and it's time to go poopy there's a place to go… kybo

Just listen to the rhythm of the froggies in the toilet,

Even though it's smelly I am sure you will enjoy it

The lights are not on in there, but you forget all your worries,

Forget all your cares in the kybo

Isn't it fun to go… kybo^[5]

Kybos are firmly woven into the lore of RAGBRAI, the Register's Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa. Summer camp is a supervised Program for Children and/or Teenagers conducted (usually during the Summer Months in some countries History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological " Downtown " is a pop song composed by Tony Hatch following a first-time visit to New York City. RAGBRAI is an acronym for Register's Annual Great Bicycle Ride Across Iowa. Although Kybo portable toilets were eventually replaced by other brands, the term "kybo" is still commonly used. "Kybo Roulette", in which riders waiting in line guess which toilet door will open next, is a common and celebrated diversion on the ride. See external link below to view "Adopt-A-Kybo" humor piece.

Controversies, trends and records

1940 WPA Community Sanitation Poster by John Buczak of Illinois promoting sanitary outhouse designs.

Outhouse design, placement and maintenance has long been recognized as being important to the public health. See posters created by the Works Project Administration. ^[6]

The growing popularity of paddling, hiking and climbing has created special waste disposal issues throughout the world. It is a dominant topic for outdoor organizations and their members. ^[7] In fact, a grass roots organization -- Hikers Against Doo-Doo, also known as HADD -- exists dedicated to providing information, insight and strategies for addressing the problem of waste disposal. ^[8] The response to the growing problem has varied around the world.

• On August 29, 2007, the highest outhouse in the continental United States — which sat atop Mount Whitney at about 4,418 meters (14,494 feet) above sea level, offering a magnificent panorama to the user — was removed. Mount Whitney is the highest summit in the Contiguous United States with an elevation of. Two other outhouses, in the Inyo National Forest, will be closed within the year. Inyo National Forest is a federally protected Forest in the United States. All were closed due to the expense and danger involved in transporting out large sewage drums via helicopter. The annual 19,000 or so hikers of the Mount Whitney trail, who must pick up National Forest Service permits, are now given Wagbags (a double-sealed sanitation kit) and told how to use them. The Mount Whitney Trail is a trail that ascends Mount Whitney. "Pack it in; pack it out" is the new watchword. ^[9] Solar powered toilets did not sufficiently compact the excrement, and the systems were judged failures at that location. Additionally, by relieving park rangers of latrine duty, they were better able to concentrate on primary ranger duties, e. g. , talking to hikers. ^[10] The use of Wagbags and the removal of outhouses is part of a larger trend in U. S. parks. ^[11]

• In 2007, Europe's highest outhouses (two) were helicoptered to the top of France's Mont Blanc at a height of 4,260 meters (13,976 feet). This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Mont Blanc Massif The Mont Blanc ( French for white mountain) or Monte Bianco ( Italian 'White Mountain' also The dunny-cans are emptied by helicopter. The facilities will service 30,000 skiers and hikers annually; thus helping to alleviate the deposit of urine and feces that spread down the mountain face with the spring thaw, and turned it into 'Mont Noir'. ^[12] More technically, the 2002 book Le versant noir du mont Blanc (The black hillside of Mont Blanc) exposes problems in conserving the site. ^[13]

• However, atop the 5,642 meters (18,510-feet) Mount Elbrus -- Russia's highest peak, the highest mountain in all of Europe and (at least) topographically dividing Europe from Asia -- sits the world's "nastiest outhouse" at 4,206 meters (13,800 feet). Mount Elbrus (Эльбрус is a Mountain located in the western Caucasus Mountain range, in Kabardino-Balkaria and Karachay-Cherkessia It is in the Caucasus Mountains, near the frontier between Georgia and Russia and a 'stone's throw' from troubled Chechnya. This article is about the terrestrial Eurasian mountain range Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Chechen Republic (ˈʧɛʧɨn rɪˈpʌblɨk Чече́нская Респу́блика Chechenskaya Respublika; Нохчийн Республика Noxçiyn Respublika As one writer opined, ". . . it doesn't much feel like Europe when you're there. It feels more like Central Asia or the Middle East" (Per Outside Magazine 1993 search and article). Central Asia is a region of Asia from the Caspian Sea in the west to central China in the east and from southern Russia in the north to northern Pakistan in the south The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. ^[14] The outhouse is surrounded by and covered in ice, perched off the end of a rock, and with a pipe pouring effluvia onto the mountain. It consistently receives low marks for sanitation and convenience, but is considered to be a unique experience. See ^[15]

• Australia's highest "dunny" -- located at Rawson's Pass in the Main Range in Kosciuszko National Park which each year receives more than 100,000 walkers outside of winter and has a serious human waste management issue -- is scheduled to be completed in 2007, before the snow arrives. Dunny or dunny can is Australian slang for Toilet, either the room or the specific fixture especially an Outhouse or other outdoor toilets Kosciuszko is one of the largest and one of the most important national parks in Australia ^[16]

• A stone outhouse in Colca Canyon Peru has been claimed to be "the world's highest. Colca Canyon is a Canyon of the Colca River in southern Peru. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. " ^[17]

• Many reports document the use of Dunny cans (complete with pictures) for the removal of excrement, which must be packed in and packed out on Mount Everest. Mount Everest, also called Sagarmatha (सगरमाथा meaning Head of the Sky) or Chomolungma, Qomolangma or Zhumulangma (in Also known as "expedition barrels" ^[18] or "bog barrerls," ^[19] the cans are weighed to make sure that groups don't dump them along the way. ^[20] "Toilet tents" are erected. ^{[21] [22]} This would seem to be an improvement over the prior practices, including the so-called "McKinley system"; there has been an increasing awareness that the mountain needs to be kept clean, for the health of the climbers at least. See ^[18]

Design and construction

Squat outhouse (i. e. without seat) in Poland

Outhouses vary in design and construction. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Common features usually include:

• A separate structure from the main dwelling, close enough to allow easy access, but far enough to minimize smell. "Habitation" redirects here For Habitation at Port-Royal see Habitation at Port-Royal.
• Being a suitable distance away from any freshwater well, so as to minimize risk of contamination and disease. See [^[23]]
• An important feature which distinguishes an outhouse from other forms of toilets is the lack of connection to plumbing, sewer, or septic system. A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter. Plumbing, from the Latin plumbum for Lead, is the skilled trade of working with pipes, tubing and Plumbing fixtures for Description A septic tank generally consists of tanks between the size of 1000 and 2000 gallons (4000 - 7500 litres which is connected to an inlet wastewater pipe at one end and
• Walls and a roof for privacy and to shield the user from the elements -- rain, wind, sleet and snow (depending on locale) and thus to a small degree, cold weather. Floor plans typically are rectangular or square, but hexagonal outhouses have been built. [^[24]] Thomas Jefferson designed and built two brick octagons at his vacation home. [^[25]]
• Outhouse door design: There is no standard for door design. The well-known crescent moon on American outhouses was popularized by cartoonists and had a questionable basis in fact. There are authors who believe the practice began during the colonial period as an early “mens”/ “ladies” designation for an illiterate populace. (The sun and moon being popular symbols for the genders during those times. ^[26] . Others refute this by arguing that the claims are unverified^[27] . What is certain is that the purpose of the hole is for venting and light and there were a wide variety of shapes and placements employed.

An outhouse exterior

• In Western societies, there is at least one seat with a hole in it, above a small pit.
• In Eastern societies, there is a hole in the floor, over which the user crouches.
• A roll of toilet paper is sometimes available. Toilet paper is a soft paper product used to maintain Personal hygiene after human Defecation or Urination. However, historically, old newspapers and catalogs from retailers specializing in mail order purchases, such as the Montgomery Ward or Sears Roebuck catalog, were also common before toilet paper was widely available. Montgomery Ward (later known as Wards) is an Online retailer that is somewhat connected to the former American Department store chain founded Sears Roebuck and Company, commonly known as Sears, is an American mid-range chain of International Department stores founded by Richard Paper was often kept in a can or other container to protect it from mice, etc. The catalogs served a dual purpose, also giving one something to read. [^[28]] Old corn cobs, leaves, or other types of paper were also used.
• Outhouses are typically built on one level, but two stories do rarely occur in unusual circumstances. One double-decker was built to service a two-story building in Cedar Lake, Michigan. Home Township is a Civil township of Montcalm County in the U The outhouse was connected by walkways. It still stands (but not the building). [^[29]] The references and pictures in this article should spike the internet urban legend that any structure is 'the only two-storied outhouse' in the world. The waste from "upstairs" is directed down a chute separate from the "downstairs" facility in these instances, so contrary to various jokes about two story outhouses, the user of the lower level has nothing to fear if the upper level is in use at the same time.
• U. S. President Calvin Coolidge had a window in his outhouse, but such accoutrement are rare. ^[30]
• Outhouses are commonly humble and utilitarian, made of lumber or plywood. This is especially fit so they can easily be moved when the earthen pit fills up. Depending on the size of the pit and the amount of use, this can be fairly frequent, sometimes yearly. As pundit 'Jackpine' Bob Cary wrote: "“Anyone can build an outhouse, but not everyone can build a good outhouse. ” {"The All-American Outhouse -- Stories, Design & Construction" ISBN 9781591930112).
• However, brick outhouses are known. picture needed Some have been surprisingly ornate, almost opulent considering the time and the place. [^[31]] For example, an opulent 19th Century antebellum example (a three-holer) is at the plantation area at the State Park in Stone Mountain, Georgia. Stone Mountain is a city in DeKalb County, Georgia, United States. ^[32] The outhouses of Colonial Williamsburg varied widely, from simple expendable temporary wood structures to high style brick. Colonial Williamsburg' is the historic district of the Independent city of Williamsburg Virginia. [^[25]] See Jefferson's matched pair of eight-sided brick privies. [^[25]] Such outhouses are sometimes considered to be overbuilt, impractical and ostentatious, giving rise to the simile "built like a brick shit house. SIMILE is a research project focused on developing tools to increase the interoperability of disparate digital collections " That phrase's meaning and application is subject to some debate; but (depending upon the country) it has been applied to men, women, or inanimate objects.
• Construction and maintenance of outhouses is subject to provincial, state, and local governmental restriction, regulation and prohibition. [^[1]] It is potentially both a public health issue, which has been addressed both by law and by education of the public as to good methods and practices (e. Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations g. , separation from drinking water sources). This also becomes a more prevalent issue as urban and suburban development encroaches on rural areas, [^[33]] and is an external manifestation of a deeper cultural conflict. See [^[34]] See also urban sprawl,urban planning, regional planning, suburbanization, urbanisation and counter urbanisation. Urban sprawl, also known as suburban sprawl, is the spreading of a city and its Suburbs over rural land at the fringe of an urban area Regional planning is a branch of Land use planning and deals with the efficient placement of land use activities infrastructure and settlement growth across a significantly Suburbanization (or suburbanisation) is a term used to describe the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe Urbanizationn (also spelled urbanisation) is the physical growth of Urban areas into rural or natural land as a result of population in-migration to an existing
• Outhouses are inherently part of larger battlegrounds concerning the environment, environmental policy, environmental quality and environmental law. Environmental policy is any (course of action deliberately taken (or not taken to manage human activities with a view to prevent reduce or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural Environmental policy is any (course of action deliberately taken (or not taken to manage human activities with a view to prevent reduce or mitigate harmful effects on nature and natural Environmental quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment either generalized or local as they impinge on human beings and other organisms Environmental law is a complex and interlocking body of Statutes, Common law, Treaties, conventions Regulations and policies which very [^[7]]
• A modern analogy to the outhouse is the "Clivus Multrum", which is an electric and waterless compost-making machine. Analogy is both the cognitive process of transferring Information from a particular subject (the analogue or source to another particular subject (the target and Clivus multrum is a type of Composting toilet and the name of a company(s that markets this brandname of composting toilets See composting toilet and humanure. A composting toilet is any system that converts Human waste into an organic Compost and usable soil through the natural breakdown of organic matter into its essential "Humanure" is a Neologism designating human excrement (feces and urine that is recycled via Composting for agricultural or other They are an alternative to outhouses and septic fields, and provide effective sanitation in areas too remote for sewer lines. Worm hold privies, another variant of the composting toilet are being touted by Vermont's Green Mountain Club. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The Green Mountain Club is a non-profit organization dedicated to preserving and protecting Vermont's Long Trail. These simple outhouses are stocked with red worms (a staple used by home composters). [^[7]] Despite their environmental benefits, composting toilets are likewise subject to regulations. See[^[35]]
• Street urinals, also known as vespasiennes or Pissoirs are common in some European cities. A urinal is a specialized Toilet for urinating only generally by men and boys Pissoir, retitled Urinal in some countries was the first feature film directed and released by John Greyson. Since the 1990s, these were offtimes replaced by the far superior Sanisette. Sanisette (saniˈzɛt is a registered trademark for a self-contained self-cleaning unisex Public toilet pioneered by the French company JCDecaux This is a new urban analog to the outhouse -- at least insofar as it is a free standing building that houses a unisex outdoor toilet (albeit with modern amenities and a toll being collected). See also pay toilets. A pay toilet is a public toilet that requires Money Payment of any individual to use
• While one might think 'there is nothing new under the moon,' in 2005 a patent was issued for a 'portable outdoor toilet with advertising indicia. ' [^[36]]

Popular culture

Two-story outhouse in Gays, Illinois

• Outhouses are common throughout history. Gays is a village in Moultrie County, Illinois, United States. Outhouse humor is likewise a constant, which usually involves someone either being trapped in one, falling into the hole, or other social faux pas. Toilet humour, or scatological humour, is a type of off-colour humour dealing with Defecation, Urination, Flatulence, Vomiting Privy-tipping, the act of knocking over the external structure to expose the person within, also features in rural humor. Outhouse tipping is a Prank knows as part of Halloween, traditions allegedly sometimes as a revenge for not being given a treat Aside from generic bathroom jokes, some are specific to outhouses, such as this time-honored one-liner, which any rural sort might say, usually making fun of his background:
  • "We had a fire in the bathroom; luckily, it didn't spread to the house!"

• A 1559 oil-on-oak-panel painting, Netherlandish Proverbs (also known as "The Blue Cloak" or "The Topsy Turvy World") by Pieter Brueghel the Elder, depicts a land populated with literal renditions of Flemish proverbs of the day. Netherlandish Proverbs (also called The Blue Cloak or The Topsy Turvy World) is a 1559 oil -on-oak- panel Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c 1525 &ndash September 9, 1569) was a Netherlandish Renaissance The terms Fleming and Flemings ( Vlaming and Vlamingen in Dutch) denote respectively a person and people and the Flemings or A proverb (from the Latin proverbium) also called a byword or nayword, is a simple and concrete Saying popularly known and repeated Outhouses are humorously used to illustrate a couple of the aphorisms.

• A 1983 computer game for the TRS-80 Color Computer titled Outhouse by J. Year 1983 ( MCMLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar) The Radio Shack TRS-80 Color Computer (also called Tandy Color Computer, or CoCo) was a Home computer launched in 1980 Weaver, Jr. distributed by Computer Shack, in which the player controls a flying saucer defending an outhouse from earthlings sticking its toilet paper in their backside and walking out with it. Flying saucer is the name given to a type of Unidentified flying object (UFO with a disc- or Saucer -shaped body usually described as silver or metallic Toilet paper is a soft paper product used to maintain Personal hygiene after human Defecation or Urination. ^[37]

• For those persons or avatars who inhabit a virtual world and have an electronic elimination problem, 3-dimensional digital privies are now available. [^[38]]

• The Simpsons have explored the subject of outhouses from time to time. One eighth season episode mentioned a two-story outhouse. See also, Episode 357, "The Bonfire of the Manatees". [^[39]]

• The double-decker outhouse has been used as an unflattering metaphor for the "Trickle-down theory" of politics, economics, command, management, labor relations, responsibility, etc. Metaphor (from the Greek: μεταφορά - metaphora, meaning "transfer" is language that directly compares seemingly unrelated subjects See [^[40]] See also [^[41]] Depending on who is depicted on top and below, it is an easy and familiar cartoon. [^[42]]

• Speaking of cartoons, on November 10, 2003, a drawing of an outhouse was used by B.C. (comic strip) cartoonist Johnny Hart as a motif in a controversial and allegedly religiously-themed piece. BC is an American newspaper Comic strip created in 1958 written and drawn by Johnny Hart until his death in 2007. Johnny Hart ( February 18 1931 &ndash April 7 2007) was an American Cartoonist noted as the creator of the Comic strip [^[43]]

• The Jeff Daniels play and movie Escanaba in da Moonlight features a scene where a man shoots a buck through the back wall of the deer camp's outhouse, having heard the animal sniffing around behind it as he was relieving himself within. Jeffrey Warren "Jeff" Daniels (born February 19, 1955) is an American Actor, musician and playwright Escanaba in da Moonlight ("da" is Yooper for "the" is a 1930 movie starring Jeff Daniels.

• Also in Michigan, the Upper Peninsula's Trenary has the largest outhouse race (Ripley's Believe It or Not, Hardcover - Sep 2004) ISBN 0439465532)[^[44]] but Mackinaw City is home to an annual and largest "outhouse race south of the Mackinac Bridge". Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. The Upper Peninsula of Michigan is the northern of the two major land masses that comprise the U Ripley's Believe It or Not! is a franchise founded by Robert Ripley, which deals in bizarre events and items so Mackinaw City is a village in Emmet and Cheboygan counties in the U The Mackinac Bridge (ˈmækɨnɔː with a silent "c" at the end of the word is a Suspension bridge spanning the Straits of Mackinac to connect the [^[45]]

• Charles Chic Sale was a famous comedian in vaudeville and the movies. Charles "Chic" Sale ( August 25 1885, Huron South Dakota - November 7 1936, Los Angeles) was an American In 1929 he published a small book, The Specialist ISBN 0285632264 which was just earthy enough to be a hugely popular "underground" success, and just tactfully worded enough to not risk being banned. Year 1929 ( MCMXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Its entire premise centered on sales of outhouses, touting the advantages of one kind or another, and labeling them in "technical" terms such as "one-holers", "two-holers", etc. ^[46] See *The Specialist by Charles (Chic) Sale (as told in 1929). Over a million copies were sold. In 1931 his monolog "I'm a Specialist" was made into a hit record (Victor 22859) by popular recording artist Frank Crumit (music by Nels Bitterman). Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Frank Crumit (sometimes misspelled "Crummit" ( September 26, 1889 - September 7, 1943) was a popular United States As memorialized in the "Outhouse Wall of Fame" [^[47]], the term "Chic Sale" became a rural slang synonym for privies, an appropriation of Mr. Charles "Chic" Sale ( August 25 1885, Huron South Dakota - November 7 1936, Los Angeles) was an American Sale's name that he personally considered unfortunate. Id.

• Folksinger Billy Edd Wheeler wrote and performed a song titled "The Little Brown Shack Out Back", a surprisingly sentimental look at the outhouse (lyrics are worth the read, and the song is worth the listen). This article is about Folksinger the 1985 album by the artist known as Phranc. Billy Edward "Edd" Wheeler (born December 9, 1932, Boone County West Virginia) is an American songwriter performer writer and visual [^[48]] The song is often played on the Dr. Demento radio show. Dr Demento is the Stage name of Barret Eugene Hansen (born April 2, 1941) a Radio Disc jockey specializing in Novelty

• Another comedy song written by Richard M. Sherman & Milt Larsen was recorded by the New Society Band (Spike Jones alumni) now on the CD, Bon Voyage Titanic: Sherman & Larsen's Smash Flops! (The Orchard, March 13, 2002) — "The True Legend of Jesse James" ("They shot him in the outhouse"). Lindley Armstrong "Spike" Jones ( December 14, 1911 – May 1, 1965) was a popular musician and bandleader specializing in performing [^[49]]

• Coincidentally, an outhouse is prominently featured as the setting of a pivotal shooting in Clint Eastwood's "Unforgiven". Clinton "Clint" Eastwood Jr (born May 31 1930 is a four-time Academy Award winning American Actor and Filmmaker. This article is about the 1992 film For other uses see Unforgiven (disambiguation.

• The U. S. National Park Service once built an outhouse that cost above $333,000^[50]. The National Park Service ( NPS) is the United States federal agency that manages all National Parks, many National Monuments, and other conservation

• As a college student, Richard Nixon achieved renown by providing a three-hole outhouse to be tossed onto the traditional campus bonfire. ^[51]

• The United States Army has long been concerned with outhouses and so-called natural functions. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. It is the subject of many colorful army acronyms and nicknames. Particularly on point is the so-called "John Wayne" which, among other things, refers to the toilet paper from the Meal, Ready-to-Eat, or MRE (pronounced "M-R-E") because "it's rough, it's tough, and it don't take shit from nobody. Toilet paper is a soft paper product used to maintain Personal hygiene after human Defecation or Urination. " See List of U.S. Army acronyms and expressions.

• Bob Ross (not the painter or publisher) did several books of poetry that are centered in the outhouse (e. g. , "Muddled Meandering In An Outhouse Number 2"), and is memorialized at the Outhouse Wall of Fame. [^[52]]

• Surprisingly, outhouses have been the subject of haiku. is a form of Japanese poetry. Previously called [^[53]]]

• Tsi-Ku also known as Tsi Ku Niang is described as the Chinese Goddess of the outhouse and divination. It is said that a woman could uncover the future by going to the outhouse to ask Tsi-Ku. [^[54]]

• Old outhouse pits are seen as fertile ground (no pun intended) for archeological and anthropological digs, offering up a trove of common objects from the past -- a veritable inadvertent time capsule -- which yields historical insight into the lives of the bygone occupants. It is especially common to find old bottles, which seemingly were secretly stashed or trashed, so their content could be privately imbibed. See [^[23]] Compare [^[55]]

See also

Literature and further reading

• Ronald S Barlow: The Vanishing American Outhouse. Clivus multrum is a type of Composting toilet and the name of a company(s that markets this brandname of composting toilets A composting toilet is any system that converts Human waste into an organic Compost and usable soil through the natural breakdown of organic matter into its essential Dunny or dunny can is Australian slang for Toilet, either the room or the specific fixture especially an Outhouse or other outdoor toilets Ecological sanitation, also known as ecosan or eco-san, is a new paradigm in sanitation that recognises human excreta and household wastewater not as waste but as Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is a waste product from an animal's digestive tract expelled through the Anus A flush toilet or Water Closet (WC is a Toilet that disposes of human waste by using water to flush it through a drainpipe to another location Human Feces (also faeces &mdash see spelling differences) also known as stools, is the waste product of the human digestive system and varies significantly "Humanure" is a Neologism designating human excrement (feces and urine that is recycled via Composting for agricultural or other A latrine (from Latin lavatrina a privy is a structure (usually small holding a single person for Defecation. A pay toilet is a public toilet that requires Money Payment of any individual to use A portable toilet, also known as a 'porta-potty' is a modern portable self-contained Outhouse manufactured of molded Plastic in a variety of colors and are often Sanisette (saniˈzɛt is a registered trademark for a self-contained self-cleaning unisex Public toilet pioneered by the French company JCDecaux Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter. A toilet is a Plumbing fixture and disposal system primarily intended for the disposal of the bodily wastes: Urine and fecal matter. Toilet paper is a soft paper product used to maintain Personal hygiene after human Defecation or Urination. A urinal is a specialized Toilet for urinating only generally by men and boys Windmill Publishing 1992. ISBN 0-933846-02-9

• 'Jackpine' Bob Cary: The All-American Outhouse -- Stories, Design & Construction. Adventure Publications, Inc. 2003. ISBN 9781591930112

• Peter Joel Harrison: Garden Houses and Privies, Authentic Details for Design and Restoration. John Wiley & Sons, 2002. ISBN 0471203327 Member of the Outhouse Wall of Fame [^[56]]

• Charles Chic Sale and William Kermode (Illustrator): The Specialist. Souvenir Press, 1994. ISBN 0285632264 | ISBN-13: 9780285632264

References

External links

• Sewer History: Photos and Graphics Historical graphics, photos, and plans for outhouses]
• Colonial Williamsburg Journal Necessary and Sufficient (article about outhouses in colonial America)]
• Outhouses of America Tour
• Outhouse Wall of Fame
• Sewer history
• An outhouse near Traskwood, AR
• Outhouses as parade floats An annual contest in West Virginia