Oud

Classification Necked bowl lutes String instruments Related instruments Angélique (instrument) Archlute Balalaika Barbat (lute) Bağlama Biwa Bouzouki Charango Chitarra Italiana Daguangxian Đàn tỳ bà Dombra Domra Dutar Electric pipa Erhu Irish bouzouki Liuqin Lute Mandocello Mandola Mandolin Mandolute Pandura Pipa Rubab Setar Sitar Surbahar Tanbur Tanbur (Turkish) Tembûr Theorbo Tiorbino Tiqin Topshur Veena Zhonghu

The oud (Arabic: عود‎ ʿūd; Somali: Kaban; Persian: بربط barbat; Turkish: ud or ut;^[1] Greek: ούτι; Armenian: ուդ, Azeri: ud; Hebrew: עוד ud) is a pear-shaped, stringed instrument, which is often seen as the predecessor of the western lute, distinguished primarily by being without frets, commonly used in Middle Eastern music. A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs A musical instrument is a device constructed or modified for the purpose of making Music. The angélique (French from Italian angelica) is a plucked string instrument of the Lute family of the baroque era The archlute (Italian arciliuto, German Erzlaute, Russian Архилютня) is a European plucked String instrument developed around 1600 The balalaika (балала́йка) (also Balabaika балаба́йка - is a stringed instrument of Russian origin with a characteristic triangular body and The barbat is a Lute of ancient Persian origin History The barbat originated in Persia in ancient times and was refined during the The bağlama is a stringed Musical instrument shared by various Cultures in the Eastern Mediterranean, Near East, and Central The biwa ( 琵琶) is a Japanese short-necked fretted Lute, and a close variant of the Chinese Pipa. The bouzouki ( gr το μπουζούκι pl. τα μπουζούκια (plural sometimes transliterated as bouzoukia) is the mainstay of modern This article is about an instrument For the album by British Trip-Hop band Morcheeba, see Charango. Chitarra Italiana is a Lute -shaped plucked instrument with 4 or 5 single (sometimes double strings in a tuning similar to that of guitar The daguangxian ( literally "large wide string " is a Chinese bowed string instrument in the Huqin family of instruments The đàn tỳ bà is a Vietnamese traditional plucked String instrument. The dombra is a long-necked Stringed instrument possessing a wooden resonating chamber somewhat similar to a Banjo Not to be confused with Dombra The domra (Russian language домра is a long-necked Russian String instrument The dutar ( Persian: دو تار, Uzbek: dutor (also dotar or doutar) is a traditional long-necked two-stringed Lute The erhu ( also called nanhu ( 南[[wikt 胡|胡]] "southern fiddle" and sometimes known in the West as the "Chinese The Irish bouzouki (colloquially the "zouk" is a derivative of the Greek Bouzouki. The liuqin ( 柳琴; Pinyin: liǔq­ín) is a four-stringed Chinese Lute with a pear-shaped body Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from The mandocello (mandoloncello, liuto cantabile or liuto moderno is a Plucked string instrument of the Mandolin family The mandola (US and Canada or tenor mandola (Europe Ireland and UK is a fretted stringed Musical instrument. A mandolin is a musical instrument in the Lute family (plucked or strummed A Mandolute is a North African instrument derived from the more traditional Oud. The pandura is an ancient String instrument from the Mediterranian basin The pipa ( is a plucked Chinese String instrument. Sometimes called the Chinese Lute, the instrument has a pear-shaped wooden body Rubab or Robab ( Rūbāb, Hindi: रुबाब is a Lute -like musical instrument from Afghanistan. Setar ( Persian: سه ‌تار, from seh, meaning "three" and tār, meaning "string" is a Persian musical instrument The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. The Surbahar ( Hindi: सुर बहार also known as bass sitar) is a Plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music The term tanbūr ( Persian: تنبور) can refer to various long-necked Fretted Lutes originating in the Middle East Tanbur (spelled Tambur in keeping with TDK conventions is a fretted string instrument of Turkey and the former lands of the Ottoman Empire The tembûr, a Fretted String instrument, is a form of tanbūr. A theorbo (tiorba also tuorbe; tiorba Theorbe is a plucked string instrument A tiorbino, a little Theorbo ( tiorbo in Italian is a rare stringed instrument a type of long-necked Lute resembling a Theorbo but significantly The tiqin ( is a name applied to several two-stringed Chinese bowed string instruments in the Huqin family of instruments Topshur (Топшур in the Cyrillic alphabet of the Altayans) is a two-stringed plucked or strummed lute played by the Altayans. Veena (also spelled 'vina' Kannada: ವೀಣ Malayalam: വീണ Tamil: வீணா Telugu: వీణ is a Plucked stringed The zhonghu (中胡 Pinyin: zhōnghú) is a low-pitched Chinese bowed String instrument. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Somali ( Af Soomaali, الصوماليه is a member of the East Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family spoken by ethnic Somalis Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Lute can refer generally to any plucked string instrument with a neck (either Fretted or unfretted and a deep round back or more specifically to an instrument from A fret is a raised portion on the neck of a Stringed instrument, that extends generally across the full width of the neck The music of the Middle East and North Africa spans across a vast region from Morocco to Afghanistan and its influences can be felt even further afield

Name

The words "lute" and "oud" are both derived from Arabic العود (al-ʿūd), consisting of the Arabic letters ʿayn-wāw-dāl, meaning a thin piece of wood similar to the shape of a straw, referring either the to wood plectrum used traditionally for playing the lute[1], or to the thin strips of wood used for the back, or for the fact that the top was made of wood, not skin as were earlier. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing several languages of Asia and Africa such as Arabic, Persian, and Urdu. For the village in Azerbaijan see Əyin. or is the sixteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician Waw ( also spelled vav or vau) (In Hebrew Vav) is the sixth letter of many Semitic alphabets, including Phoenician, Aramaic Dalet ( also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of many Semitic alphabets including Phoenician, Aramaic Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Often called a pick or plec, a plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. However, recent research by Eckhard Neubauer[2] suggests that ʿūd may simply be an Arabized version of the Persian name rud, which meant string, stringed instrument, or lute. Gianfranco Lotti suggests that the "wood" appellation originally carried derogatory connotations, because of proscriptions of all instruments music in early Islam.

The Arabic prefix al-, in al-ʿūd, which represents the definite article and can be translated as "the," was not retained when al-ʿūd, was borrowed into Turkish, nor was the ʿayn, as it is not a sound existing in the Turkish language. For the village in Azerbaijan see Əyin. or is the sixteenth letter in many Semitic abjads, including Phoenician The resulting word in Turkish is simply ud (pronunciation follows that of the word food without the f ), much as it sounds when pronounced in the English language.

The oud was most likely introduced to Western Europe by the Arabs who established the Umayyad Caliphate of Al-Andalus on the Iberian Peninsula beginning in the year 711 AD. Al-Andalus (الأندلس was the Arabic name given to those parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims or Oud-like instruments such as the Ancient Greek Pandoura and the Roman Pandura likely made their way to the Iberian Peninsula much earlier than the oud. The pandura is an ancient String instrument from the Mediterranian basin The pandura is an ancient String instrument from the Mediterranian basin The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe, and includes modern day Spain, Portugal, Andorra However, it was the royal houses of Al-Andalus that cultivated the environment which raised the level of oud playing to greater heights and boosted the popularity of the instrument. The most famous oud player of Al-Andalus was Zyriab. Abu l-Hasan ‘Ali Ibn Nafi‘ ( Persian and Arabic: أبو الحسن علي ابن نافع) (c He established the first music conservatory in Spain, enhanced playing technique and added a fifth course to the instrument. A course is a pair or more of adjacent strings tuned to unison or an octave and usually played together as if a single string The European version of this instrument came to be known as the lute - luth in French, laute in German, liuto in Italian, luit in Dutch, (all beginning with the letter "L") and alaud in Spanish. The word "luthier" meaning stringed instrument maker is also derived from the French luth. Unlike the oud the Europen lute utilized frets (usually tied gut).

History

According to Farabi, the oud was invented by Lamech, the sixth grandson of Adam. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Abū Nasr Muhammad ibn al-Farakh al-Fārābi ( Nastaliq:) or Abū Nasr al-Fārābi Lamech (ˈleɪmɛk (לֶמֶך-Lemech is the name of two men in the genealogies of Adam in the book of Genesis. See also Adam and Eve Adam ( Hebrew: אָדָם was according to a literal interpretation of Genesis, the first man created by The legend tells that the grieving Lamech hung the body of his dead son from a tree. The first oud was inspired by the shape of his son's bleached skeleton. ^[2] The oldest pictorial record of a lute dates back to the Uruk period in Southern Mesopotamia - Iraq - Nasria city nowadays, over 5000 years ago on a cylinder seal acquired by Dr. The Uruk period (ca 4000 to 3100 BC existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia, Mesopotamia (from the Greek meaning "land between the rivers" is an area geographically located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers largely corresponding For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Dominique Collon and currently housed at the British Museum. The image depicts a female crouching with her instruments upon a boat, playing right-handed. This instrument appears many times throughout Mesopotamian history and again in ancient Egypt from the 18th dynasty onwards in long and short-neck varieties. One may see such examples at the Metropolitan Museums of New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, and the British Museum on clay tablets and papyrus paper. This instrument and its close relatives have been a part of the music of each of the ancient civilizations that have existed in the Mediterranean and the Middle East regions, including the Sumerians, Akkadians, Persians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Armenians, Greeks, Egyptians, and Romans. Sumer ( Sumerian: sux-Latn [[Ki (earth ki]]-[[EN (cuneiform en]]-'''ĝir15''', Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Babylonia was an Amorite state in lower Mesopotamia (modern southern Iraq) with Babylon as its capital The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria. The Armenians (Հայեր Hayer) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus and in the Armenian Highlands A large The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC

The ancient Turkic peoples had a similar instrument called the kopuz. The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family The komuz ( Kyrgyz: комуз koˈmuz is an ancient Fretless String instrument used in Kyrgyz music closely related to other This instrument was thought to have magical powers and was brought to wars and used in military bands. This is noted in the Göktürk monument inscriptions, the military band was later used by other Turkic state's armies and later by Europeans. Göktürks ( Turkish: Gök Türkler) were a Turkic people of ancient Central Asia. ^[3] According to Musicolog Çinuçen Tanrıkorur today's oud was derived from the kopuz by Turks near Central Asia and additional strings were added by them. Cinuçen Tanrıkorur was an Oud master prolific composer of Turkish classical music, musicologist and music journalist ^[4] Today's oud is totally different from the old prototypes and the Turkish oud is different from Arabic oud in playing style and shape. The Turkish is derived from modifying the Arabic oud, whose development has been attributed to Manolis Venios, a well known Greek luthier who lived Constantinople (Istanbul) in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In Greece and Armenia musicians especially use the Turkish ouds and tunings.

Aleppo musician with an oud, 1915. For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation. Year 1915 ( MCMXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year

The oud has a particularly long tradition in Iraq,^[5] where a saying goes that in its music lies the country’s soul. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. ^[5] A ninth-century Baghdad jurist praised the healing powers of the instrument, and the 19th century writer Muhammad Shihab al-Din related that it "places the temperament in equilibrium" and "calms and revives hearts. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar "^[5] Following the invasion of Iraq and the overthrow of the secular Hussein regime in 2003, however, the increasing fervor of Islamic militants who consider secular music to be haraam (forbidden) forced many Oud players or teachers into hiding or exile. The 2003 invasion of Iraq, from March 20 to May 1 2003 was spearheaded by the United States, backed by British forces and smaller contingents from Australia Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 Haraam (حرام is an Arabic term meaning "forbidden" ^[5]

Defining features

• Lack of Frets: The oud, unlike many other plucked stringed instruments, does not have a fretted neck. A fret is a raised portion on the neck of a Stringed instrument, that extends generally across the full width of the neck This allows the player to be more expressive by using slides and vibrato. Vibrato is a musical effect produced in singing and on musical instruments by a regular pulsating change of pitch, and is used to add expression and vocal-like qualities to It also makes it possible to play the microtones of the Maqam System. Microtonal music is Music using microtones — intervals of less than an equally spaced Semitone. Maqam is a modal structure that characterizes the art of music of countries in North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia. This development is relatively recent, as ouds still had frets ca. AD 1100, and they gradually lost them by AD 1300, mirroring the general development of Near-Eastern music which abandoned harmony in favor of melismatics. Melisma, in music is singing a single syllable of text while moving between several different notes in succession
• Strings: With some exceptions, the modern oud has eleven strings. Ten of these strings are paired together in courses of two. A course is a pair or more of adjacent strings tuned to unison or an octave and usually played together as if a single string The eleventh, lowest string remains single. There are many different tuning systems for the oud which are outlined below. The ancient oud had only four courses - five by the 9th century. The strings are generally lighter to play than the modern classical guitar.
• Pegbox: The pegbox of the oud is bent back at a 45-90° angle from the neck of the instrument. A pegbox is the part of certain stringed Musical instruments ( Violin, Viola, Cello, Double bass) that houses the Tuning This provides the necessary tension that prevents the pegs from slipping.
• Body: The oud's body has a staved, bowl-like back resembling the outside of half a watermelon, unlike the flat back of a guitar. Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ( Thunb) Matsum & Nakai family Cucurbitaceae) refers to both Fruit and Plant of a vine-like (climber The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles This bowl allows the oud to resonate and have a more complex tone. In Physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to Oscillate at maximum Amplitude at certain frequencies, known as the system's
• Sound-holes: The oud generally has one to three sound-holes, which may be either oval or circular, and often are decorated with a bone or wood carved rosette.

Front and rear views of an oud. This one was built by Viken Najarian.

Regional types

Turkish Ud, an ancient musical instrument inlaid with ivory and mother-of-pearl
Mevlâna mausoleum, Konya, Turkey

The following are the general regional characteristics of oud types in which both the shape and the tuning most commonly differ:

• Arabic ouds:

• Syrian ouds: Slightly larger, slightly longer neck, lower in pitch. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية
• Iraqi (Munir Bashir type) ouds: Generally similar in size to the Syrian oud but with a floating bridge which focuses the mid-range frequencies and gives the instrument a more guitar-like sound. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. This kind of oud was developed by the Iraqi oud virtuoso Munir Bechir. Iraqi ouds made today often feature 13 strings, adding a pair of higher pitched nylon strings to a standard Arabic oud configuration.
• Egyptian ouds: Similar to Syrian and Iraqi ouds but with a more pear shaped body. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Slightly different tone. Egyptians commonly are set up with only the 5 courses GADGC. Egyptian Ouds tend to be very ornate and highly decorated.

• Turkish| Greek style ouds ("ud,ούτι") (Includes instruments found in Armenia and Greece): Slightly smaller in size, slightly shorter neck, higher in pitch, brighter timbre. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία In Music, timbre (ˈtæm-bər' like timber, or, from Fr timbre tɛ̃bʁ is the quality of a Musical note or sound that distinguishes different It's known as outi in Greece and was used by early Greek musicians.
• Barbat (Persian Oud): smaller than Arabic ouds with different tuning and higher tone. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Similar to Turkish ouds but slightly smaller.
• Oud Qadim: an archaic type of oud from North Africa, now out of use.

Although the Greek instruments Laouto and Lavta appear to look much like an oud, they are very different in playing style and origin, deriving from Byzantine lutes. The laouto is mainly a chordal instrument, with occasional melodic use in Cretan music. Both always feature movable frets (unlike the oud).

Plectrum (pick)

The plectrum (pick) for the oud is usually a little more than the length of an index-finger. Often called a pick or plec, a plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. The Arabs traditionally used thin piece of wood as a plectrum, later replaced by the eagle's feather by Zyriab in Spain (between 822 to 857), other sources state that he is the first one to use the wooden plectrum[3]. Abu l-Hasan ‘Ali Ibn Nafi‘ ( Persian and Arabic: أبو الحسن علي ابن نافع) (c Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Often called a pick or plec, a plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument.

To date the Arabic players use the historic name reeshe or risha(Arabic ريشة), which literally means "feather" while Turkish players refer to it as a mızrap. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language . Currently the plastic pick is most commonly used for playing the oud being effective, affordable and convenient to get.

Like similar strummed stringed instruments, professional Oud players take the quality of their plectrums very seriously, often making their own out of other plastic objects, and taking great care to sand down any sharp edges in order to achieve the best sound possible. A strum is the act of brushing one's fingers over or strumming, the strings of a String instrument such as a Guitar. A string instrument (or stringed instrument) is a Musical instrument that produces Sound by means of Vibrating strings In the Hornbostel-Sachs Often called a pick or plec, a plectrum is a small flat tool used to pluck or strum a stringed instrument. Plastic is the general common term for a wide range of synthetic or semisynthetic organic solid materials suitable for the manufacture of industrial products Abrasive Paper is a form of Paper where an Abrasive material has been fixed to its surface

Oud tunings

There are many different tuning options for the oud. All tunings are presented from the lowest course/single string to the highest course. The following tunings are from Lark in the Morning and Oud Cafe: Oud

Arabic oud tunings

• E A D G C Five Strings (Syria, Palestine and Lebanon) - by Eduardo Haddad Ribeiro
• G A D G C Popular Egyptian tuning
• D G A D G C older tuning
• C F A D G C Currently the most commonly used tuning.
• B E A D G C For certain classical music, similar to the classical Turkish tuning in all 4ths
• F A D G C F high pitched solo tuning
• G C D G C F
• B E A D G C F ,Seven strings oud tuning.

Turkish oud ("ud") and Cümbüş tunings

• Old Turkish, Armenian and Greek Tuning: E A B E A D or D A B E A D
• Classical Turkish and Tuning Variant: C# F# B E A D or B F# B E A D

Note - Turkish classical music is written transposed, so that the written tuning for the above tuning is "F#BEADG"; also the Turks will transpose to other keys, too. The cümbüş (dʒymˈbyʃ sometimes approximated as dʒumbuʃ by English speakers is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin

• Standard Cümbüş Tuning: ABEADG actual pitch, written as D E A D G C

List of famous oud players

In Yemen: Abu Baker Salem Ali Alanisi Ahmed Fathy Ali Einaba Alshameeri Fasel Alawei Fuad Alkibsy Najiba Abdullah In Egypt: Riyad al-Sunbati Hazem Shaheen (1978-) Mohammed Abdel Wahab (1907-1991) Mohamed El Asabgi (1892-1966) Sayed Darwish (1892-1923) Sheikh Imam (1918-1995) In Iran: Hossein Behroozinia (1962-) Arsalan Kamkar (1960-) Mansour Nariman (1938-) Mohammad Delnavazi (1954-) Mohammad Firoozi (1957-) Ahad Goharzadeh (1958-?) Jamal Jahanshad (1948-) Yousef Kamoosi (1902-1987) Mohammad Khansarian (1948-) Hasan Manoochehri (1934-) Shahram Mirjalali (1959-) Akbar Mohseni (1911-1995) Abdulvahab Shahidi (1921-) Nasrollah Zarrinpanjeh (1906-1982) In United States Ahmed Abdul-Malik (United States/Sudan) Saadoun Al-Bayati [4] (United States/Iraq) Hamza El Din (Egypt/Sudan/United States) Sandy Bull (United States) Rachid Halihal [5] (United States/Morocco) Naji Hilal [6] (United States/Lebanon) Naser Musa [7] (Palestine/Lebanon) Levent Firat (born in Turkey) [8] David Lindley (United States) [9] Gayle Ellett (United States) [10] Basil Samara (United States/Lebanon) Scott Wilson (United States) Mavrothi T. The cümbüş (dʒymˈbyʃ sometimes approximated as dʒumbuʃ by English speakers is a Turkish stringed instrument of relatively modern origin Yemen ( Arabic: اليَمَن al-Yaman officially the Republic of Yemen ( Arabic: الجمهورية اليمنية al-Jumhuuriyya This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Hazem Shaheen is an Egyptian Oud teacher and player He has studied oriental music and Oud instrument since he was in secondary musical school in AlexandriaEgypt Mohammed Abdel Wahab ( Arabic: محمد عبد الوهاب) also transliterated Mohammed Abd el-Wahaab ( 1907 - May 3, Mohamed el-Qasabgi ( محمد القصبجي; pronounced the Egyptian dialect el-Asabgi) (1892 - March 1966 as an Egyptian musician and composer and Sayed Darwish ( Arabic: سيد درويش; March 17, 1892 – September 15, 1923) was an Egyptian singer and Imam Mohammad Ahmad Eissa or Sheikh Imam ( ( July 2 1918 &ndash June 7[[ 995]] was a famous Egyptian Composer and For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Hossein Behroozinia (b 1962 in Tehran) is a renowned Iranian Oud player and arguably the greatest oud player of all times Arsalan Kamkar ( Kurdish: Erselan Kamkar, born in 1960 is a Kurdish musician from Iran. Mansour Nariman (b 1935 in Mashhad) is an outstanding Iranian Oud player researcher and writer The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Ahmed Abdul-Malik ( January 30, 1927 in Brooklyn – October 2, 1993 in Long Branch New Jersey) was a jazz Double Hamza El Din ( July 10, 1929 – May 22, 2006) was a Nubian composer Oud Sandy Bull ( January 1, 1941 – April 11, 2001) was an American folk musician who was active from the late 1950s until his death Kontanis (United States/Greece [11] of Armenian descent: John Berberian Richard Hagopian Roupen Altiparmakian (United States/Greece) (born in Adana, Turkey) John Bilezikjian Ara Dinkjian Charles "Chick" Ganimian Marty Kentigian Haig Manoukian Marko Melkon (Melkon Alemsharian) (born in Izmir, Turkey) George Mgrdichian Harry Minassian Antranig Kzirian [12]

In Turkey: Udi Hrant with his oud Ismail Fencioglu Udi Yorgo Bacanos (1900-1977, also known as Georgios Mpatzanos) (ethnic Greek) Münir Nurettin Beken Necati Çelik Mısır'lı İbrahim Efendi (1872-1933) Samim Karaca Udi Hrant Kenkulian (1901-1978) (ethnic Armenian) Udi Bogos Kireciyan (ethnic Armenian) Ûdi Nevres Bey (1873-1937) Coşkun Sabah Cinuçen Tanrıkorur (1938-2000) Serif Muhiddin Targan (1892-1967) İlyas Tetik Yurdal Tokcan Mutlu Torun In Iraq: Salman Shukur Rahim Al Haj Jamil Bashir Munir Bashir (Iraq/Hungary) Ahmed Mukhtar (Iraq/London) Naseer Shamma Ali Alemaam In Saudi Arabia: Abadi al-Johar Talal Maddah Bashir Shannan In Morocco:' Tarik Banzi Ahmed El Bidaoui Said Chraybi Driss El Maloumi Armand Sabach In Somalia: Hudaydi Omar Dhuule Hanuuniye In Palestine: Le trio Joubran Simon Shaheen Nizar Rohana Samer Totah [13]

List of famous oud makers

Other countries:

• Faisal Alawy (Yemen)
• Nazih Ghadban (Lebanon)
• Salmeen (Kuwait)
• Tasos Theodorakis (Greece)
• Dimitris Rapakousios (Greece)
• Michael Moussa (UK)

Note

See also

• Qanbūs

External links

• Oud Playing Learn to Play the Oud by ear (For beginners, DVD)]. A qanbūs ( is a short-necked Lute that originated in Yemen and spread throughout the Arabian peninsula.
• NileCart Egyptian oud gallery.
• Alsiadi's Music Scores Alsiadi's classical Arabic & Middle Eastern music scores
• Al-Oud/The Oud a website by Dr David Parfitt
• Maqam World a website by Johnny Farraj, Najib Shaheen, Sami Abu Shumays and Tareq Abboushi
• The Ud (Oud), its players and recordings
• Iranian Oud a website by Majid Yahyanejad
• Mike's Ouds, includes Oud Forums
• Brian Prunka Oud page
• FERNWOOD An American music group that uses ouds in their music.
• Oud Cafe, an educational website dedicated to the practical techniques of Oud playing and the performance of Ottoman classical and Aegean traditional music
• Oso Varoun Ta Sidera